2020 Vol. 10, No. 4

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2020 Vol.10, No.4
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2020, 10(4): .
Abstract(240) PDF(8460KB)(71)
Abstract:
Analysis of two atmospheric heavy pollution processes in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas during the Spring Festival of 2020
GAO Qingxian, WANG Ning, GAO Wenkang, GAO Wenou, LI Yingxin, FU Jiafeng, DAI Jiaqing
2020, 10(4): 517-530. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200087
Abstract(612) PDF(15240KB)(107)
Abstract:
Based on the monitoring data of ambient air quality, weather observation data, and the data of energy consumption and main atmospheric pollutants emission, the evolution of main pollutants emission and energy structure in China since 2000 was analyzed. The spatial distribution of allowable emission of main pollutants of enterprises which applied for emission permits in China was discussed, and the two serious pollution processes occurred in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and surrounding areas from late-January to mid-February 2020 were studied and revealed. The results showed that among the enterprises that had obtained emission permits, 73% of VOCs emission enterprises, 62% of NOx emission enterprises and 48% of particulate matter emission enterprises were concentrated in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and its surrounding areas. The dense emission sources provided sufficient pollutants and precursors for heavy pollution. Meteorological conditions played an important role in the two typical heavy pollution events. The first heavy pollution case (January 25-28) was dominated by high pressure, which restrained the horizontal diffusion of pollutants, while there was inversion in the lower atmosphere, which restrained the vertical diffusion of pollutants. The second heavy pollution case (February 9-13) was located in front of low pressure, which restrained the diffusion of pollutants due to the weak low pressure and strong inversion on the ground. The impact of setting off fireworks on PM2.5 concentration was basically only 5 to 10 hours, and this impact on the two pollution process was limited. At present, there is a long way to go to improve the ambient air quality in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and the surrounding areas. For the improvement of the air quality, it is vital to put forward scientific and reasonable air pollution prevention and control policies, research and develop appropriate pollution prevention and control technologies, take practical and sustainable measures and actions, and improve relevant standard systems.
Assessment of water supply service and its values in Liaohe Conservation Area
SUN Qianying, GAO Yanni, YANG Chunyan, WANG Shixi
2020, 10(4): 531-538. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200031
Abstract(379) PDF(2540KB)(118)
Abstract:
Based on the actual monitoring data, the water supply service and its value of Liaohe Conservation Area were analyzed from two aspects in terms of water quantity and water quality from 2013 to 2016. The results showed that the water supply service of Liaohe Conservation Area witnessed a series of fluctuation. The water quantity, excessive pollution equivalent and water supply service value showed a similar trend of decrease followed by increase. During 2013 to 2016, the excessive pollution equivalent of each monitoring section was positive for each year, which meant that the water environment quality of each monitoring section had reached the target assessment requirements of Class Ⅳ of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002). As for individual water monitoring sections, the Fudedian section had the lowest values of water quantity, excessive pollution equivalent and water supply service value, while those of the Mahushan section were the highest. The period of 2013 to 2016 witnessed a dramatically changing trend in the value of monthly water supply service and water supply service per unit water resource quantity in Liaohe Conservation Area; and the two change progresses were of significant differences. On the basis of monthly assessment analysis result of the Fudedian and Liujianfang section, a similar trend was found in the monthly excessive pollution equivalent and water quantity changes during the period of 2013 to 2016, but many differences were presented in the annual average value of monthly water supply service and water supply service of per unit water resource.
Estimation of pollutants into river reduced by measures of returning cropland to enclosure in Liaohe Conservation Area
GAO Yanni, YANG Caiyun, FENG Chaoyang, YANG Chunyan, SUN Qianying
2020, 10(4): 539-544. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200028
Abstract(357) PDF(1338KB)(107)
Abstract:
To quantitatively estimate the effect of returning cropland to enclosure on non-point source pollution in Liaohe Conservation Area, the dynamic change of cropland from 2010 to 2018 was analyzed by using high-resolution remote sensing data, and the inflow of pollutants from cropland area surface runoff was estimated by employing the method of source intensity coefficient. The results showed that lots of croplands distributed on both sides of the river in 2010, with an area of about 627.13 km2, accounting for 33.55% of the total area. The COD and NH3-N inflows from cropland surface runoff were 1 864.79 and 372.96 t/a in 2010, respectively. With the measure of returning cropland to enclosure being taken, the cropland area decreased to 155.63 km2 in 2011, with the rate about 75.18%, and only scattered on both sides of the river. The COD and NH3-N inflows from cropland surface runoff decreased to 419.55 and 83.91 t/a, respectively. From 2012 to 2018, the cropland area and the inflow of surface runoff pollutants were generally consistent with that in 2011. Compared with that in 2010, the measures of returning cropland to enclosure reduced the COD and NH3-N inflows from farmland surface runoff by 11 734.49 and 2 346.90 t, respectively, from 2011 to 2018.
Spatial-temporal dynamic change of fractional vegetation coverage and its driving factors in Liaohe Conservation Area
YANG Chunyan, GAO Yanni, LIU Xue, SUN Qianying, WANG Shixi, YANG Caiyun, YU Huiyi, JIA Zhenyu
2020, 10(4): 545-552. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200030
Abstract(443) PDF(2365KB)(90)
Abstract:
Based on the data of MODIS NDVI at 500-meter spatial resolution and the Landsat TM/OLI images, a 30-meter fractional vegetation coverage (FVC) data set of Liaohe Conservation Area was constructed, covering the time period 2000-2018. The study analyzed the spatial-temporal dynamics of FVC and its driving factors before and after the establishment of the Liaohe Conservation Area, during 2000 to 2009 and 2011 to 2018. The results showed that from 2000 to 2018, FVC of Liaohe Conservation Area showed a slightly upward overall trend, and that of the period between 2000 and 2009 witnessed an increasing trend with 0.67%/a, then declined with fluctuation during 2010-2018 with a negative slope -0.27%/a. A downward trend of FVC occurred at regional scale, the area of which mainly distributed on both sides of low-lying river reach. Comparing with the base year (2010), slightly restoration of vegetation in Liaohe Conservation Area presented during 2012-2014, also appeared the degradation trend from 2015 to 2018. By comparing the difference between the simulated FVC with the actual FVC in Liaohe Conservation Area, it was found that in the period of 2011-2018 the influence of human activities on FVC increased to 1.12%, and the restoration of vegetation in 2014 was significantly attributed to human activities. Overall, since the establishment of Liaohe Conservation Area, there was a tendency that FVC increased at first and then declined, which was attributed to the climate change. Furthermore, human activities had a positive effect on vegetation especially on vegetation restoration, the contribution of which was up to 8.42%.
Assessment on river water ecological health based on grey relation analysis in Liaohe Conservation Area
LI Haixia, HAN Lihua, YU Qing, WANG Yupeng, DUAN Liang, XU Li
2020, 10(4): 553-561. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200034
Abstract(408) PDF(1137KB)(95)
Abstract:
Grey relation analysis is an efficient method for evaluating uncertain complex systems. It has the advantages of low data requirement, small computation and wide application and is an appropriate method for river water ecological health evaluation. Based on the connotation of water ecological health and the actual situation of rivers in Liaohe Conservation Area, a river water ecological health evaluation index system composed of 4 criterion layers and 20 indicator layers, including natural morphology, water quality, sediment, aquatic organisms and ecological environment, was constructed. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to determine the weight of criterion layer and, combined with grey relation analysis, to evaluate the water ecological health status of Liaohe Conservation Area. The results showed that the comprehensive health status of water ecology in Liaohe Conservation Area was medium, the grey relation degree of natural morphology was 0.868 4, and the health status was medium. The grey relation degree of water quality was 0.691 2, and the health condition was moderate. The grey relation degree of sediment was 0.968 6, and the health condition was excellent. The grey relation degree of aquatic organisms and ecological environment was 0.750 4, and the health status was also moderate. Among the 20 evaluation indexes, river bed stability, river bend degree, chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus concentration, fish diversity index and algal diversity index were of medium health grade, while total nitrogen concentration was pathological. Since the establishment of the Liaohe Conservation Area in 2010, heavy metals pollution in the sediments of the river has been greatly improved, but there were still problems such as poor riverbed stability, water quality index pollution, low fish diversity and low algal diversity index.
River health evaluation in Shenyang Section of Liaohe Conservation Area based on five-element relation number method
LI Haixia, WANG Yupeng, XU Li, FENG Nana, YU Qing
2020, 10(4): 562-571. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200035
Abstract(396) PDF(2066KB)(95)
Abstract:
The five-element connection number (FECN) method is a systematic analysis method for the uncertain factors in the system by using the opposition, difference and identity of each factor to analyze the factors. In view of the advantages of the FECN, which could simultaneously consider the certainty and uncertainty factors in the river health evaluation, an index system of 24 indicators in five categories including the river’s natural morphology, water quality, sediment, aquatic organisms and ecological environment, and social services was established in the case of Shenyang Section of Liaohe Conservation Area. By using analytic hierarchy process to determine the weight, a comprehensive evaluation model of five-element relation number was constructed to evaluate the river health in Shenyang Section of Liaohe Conservation Area. The results showed that the FECN of river health evaluation in Shenyang Section of Liaohe Conservation Area was 0.576 8, and the river health grade was medium. Among them, the connection number of river natural morphology was 0.932 9, and the evaluation level was medium. The connection number of water quality was 0.550 4, and the evaluation level was unhealthy. The connection number of sediment condition was 0.920 9, and the evaluation level was excellent. The connection number of aquatic organisms and ecological environment was 0.781.3, and the evaluation level was good. The connection number of social services was 0.478 3, and the evaluation level was medium. The sediment heavy metal pollution in Shenyang Section of Liaohe Conservation Area was relatively light, but the riverbed stability was poor, the water nitrogen and phosphorus pollution were serious, and the fish diversity was not high. It is suggested that the treatment and management of the reserve should be further strengthened by strictly controlling the discharge of sewage, strengthening the management of water resources, improving the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer, and strengthening the restoration of riparian zone, etc.
Valuation of the recreational service of typical wetland Red Beach National Scenic Corridor in Liaohe Conservation Area
SONG Ting, LÜ Tiantian, FENG Chaoyang, LI Daiqing, CHEN Yanmei
2020, 10(4): 572-578. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200036
Abstract(353) PDF(1347KB)(109)
Abstract:
Questionnaire survey and zoned travel cost method (ZTCM) were used to evaluate the service value of Red Beach National Scenic Corridor in 2018. The results showed that the total value of Red Beach National Scenic Corridor recreation services was 689 million yuan in 2018, which was 9.84 times of the revenue of the scenic spot in 2018. The travel cost was 373 million yuan, accounting for 54.14% of the total value; the consumer surplus was 228 million yuan, accounting for 33.09% of the total value, and the time cost was only 12.77%; the recreation value outside the province was 411 million yuan, and the recreation value in Liaoning Province was 278 million yuan. It can be found that the ecological landscape value of Red Beach National Scenic Corridor has not been fully recognized, and its tourism development potential is large, especially for tourists outside the province whose tourism products need to be optimized and developed. The value composition of the evaluation results obtained by ZTCM method is consistent with the current situation of the scenic spot.
Effect of land use pattern on water quality in Liaohe Conservation Area
FENG Nana, DONG Chunlai, XU Li, LI Haixia
2020, 10(4): 579-584. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200029
Abstract(428) PDF(1765KB)(130)
Abstract:
Using 2018 Landsat images and water quality data, Liaohe Conservation Area was divided into four study sections according to the urban areas of Tieling, Shenyang, Anshan and Panjin. The method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was used to evaluate the health status of river water quality in each section, then the Ecognition software was used to interpret remote sensing images, and finally the correlation between land use change and river water quality status in the four sections was analyzed. The results showed that Anshan Section had the largest agricultural land area proportion and the smallest water area proportion in different sections of Liaohe Conservation Area, while in Shenyang Section, the area proportion of woodland and grassland was the largest. In Liaohe Conservation Area, the health level of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration was excellent, chemical oxygen demand (COD) was medium, total nitrogen (TN) concentration was ill, total phosphorus (TP) concentration was medium, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration was excellent in Shenyang Section and good in other sections. There was a good correlation between the proportion of land use types in Liaohe Conservation Area and river water quality indexes, among which the concentrations of NH3-N, TP,TN and COD in river water were negatively correlated with the proportion of forest land and grassland, and positively correlated with the proportion of agricultural land and building land. DO concentration was positively correlated with the proportion of forestland and grassland, and negatively correlated with the proportion of agricultural land and building land.
A review of influencing factors and enhanced measures for nitrogen removal of constructed wetlands
WANG Haiyan, ZHAO Yuanzhe, WANG Wenfu, DONG Weiyang, YAN Guokai, CHANG Yang
2020, 10(4): 585-597. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20190150
Abstract(740) PDF(1381KB)(208)
Abstract:
The research progress of the factors affecting the denitrification of constructed wetlands (CWs) and the measures to strengthen denitrification at home and abroad were reviewed. The nitrogen removal mechanism of CWs including plant absorption, substrate adsorption, and microbial ammonification, nitrification, denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation were extensively illustrated. The effects of main influencing factors, such as influent carbon-nitrogen ratio, hydraulic retention time, plant species, wetland operation mode, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen, on the nitrogen removal capability of CWs were also analyzed. Based on these analysis, the specific measures for advanced nitrogen removal of CWs including external carbon source addition, plant species optimization, new substrate application, artificial aeration and thermal insulation were introduced. Finally, the research and development directions on nitrogen removal in CWs were prospected.
Study on the treatment of domestic sewage by stable surface flow - subsurface flow combination constructed wetland
FU Dong, FU Xinlie, WANG Chengduan, GONG Yanchuan, ZHOU Lüshan
2020, 10(4): 598-605. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20190176
Abstract(452) PDF(2858KB)(102)
Abstract:
The stable surface flow - subsurface flow combination constructed wetland system was designed and constructed, which was composed of collecting tank, anaerobic pool, stable surface flow constructed wetland(FSSFW) and horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland(SFCW). The whole system was built based on local topography, and the sewage flowed from the former unit to the next unit only by gravity. After a month of domestication, the purification effect in pilot-scale of domestic sewage was studied. The removal effects of SS, COD, NH3-N, TN and TP in each unit and the system of the stable surface flow - subsurface flow constructed wetland were monitored and analyzed when the design of hydraulic load and high hydraulic load were 0.108 and 0.180 m3/(m2·d), respectively. The results showed that the average removal rate of SS, COD, NH3-N, TN and TP was 91.6%, 81.2%, 87.7%,77.3% and 86.3% respectively under the design hydraulic load. Moreover, the average removal rate of SS and COD by FSSFW was higher than that by SFCW and anaerobic pool, but the average removal rate of NH3-N, TN and TP by SFCW was higher than that by anaerobic pool and FSSFW. In addition, the anaerobic pool had the lowest contribution to the removal rate of each pollution index. Under the high hydraulic load, the removal rates of SS, COD, NH3-N, TN and TP was 91.2%, 73.1% ,84.2% ,69.0% and 82.7%, respectively. SFCW played a major role in the removal of SS, COD, NH3-N and TN while FSSFW and SFCW had no significant difference in the removal contribution rate of TP, however, the anaerobic pool had the lowest contribution to the removal rate of each pollution index. The operating hydraulic load of the system could be set between 0.108 and 0.180 m3/(m2·d) in summer, while the operating hydraulic load should be set strictly according to the design in winter. During the pilot test of design hydraulic load rate, all the effluent indicators of the system could meet the Grade Ⅰ level B standard of Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant(GB 18918-2002).
An example of wastewater treatment project in a chemical pharmaceutical enterprise
LI Wenjie()
2020, 10(4): 606-612. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200074
Abstract(599) PDF(1285KB)(136)
Abstract:
In view of the high concentrations of total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in the production wastewater of a chemical pharmaceutical enterprise, which contained a large number of organic compounds that were difficult to biodegrade, with a large change in acidity and alkalinity of the water quality, a combined process of two-stage ammonia nitrogen blow-off + comprehensive regulation + hydrolysis and acidification + two-stage A/O+ coagulation and precipitation was adopted to treat the wastewater. The optimal process parameters of ammonia nitrogen blow-off were analyzed and studied. When the pH was adjusted to 11.5, and the gas-liquid volume ratio was controlled to 3 500∶1, the blow-off rate could reach more than 90%. The operation results showed that the removal rates of NH3-N and TN in the ammonia nitrogen blow-off treatment unit both reached 94%. After two-stage A/O and secondary sedimentation tank treatment, the removal rates of CODCr, NH3-N and TN reached 91.1%, 96.3% and 91.0%, respectively. After the combined process, the effluent pollutant concentrations were CODCr≤50 mg/L, NH3-N ≤8 mg/L, TN ≤15 mg/L, SS ≤10 mg/L, and the quality of the treated water reached Grade Ⅰ level A standard of Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants (GB 18918-2002), and the processing cost was 2.429 yuan/m 3.
Analysis of pollution load characteristics and control zones division of agricultural non-point sources in Beijing City
XIE Pei, GONG Jian, CHEN Cheng
2020, 10(4): 613-622. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20190139
Abstract(475) PDF(3687KB)(127)
Abstract:
The methods of inventory analysis, equivalent load method, cluster analysis and geographic information system (GIS) technology were used to analyze the pollution sources, pollutants and their spatial distribution characteristics of agricultural non-point sources (NPS) in Beijing in 2016. The results showed that the main sources of agricultural NPS pollution in Beijing were mainly rural residents and livestock and poultry. It was suggested that the pollution control of rural residents and livestock and poultry in the future agricultural NPS pollution control should be strengthened. Agricultural NPS pollution showed strong regional differentiation characteristics, with aquaculture pollution being mainly concentrated in Pinggu District, and rural living pollution being the most serious in Fangshan District. TN, TP and COD pollution indexes in Fangshan, Tongzhou, Shunyi, Changping and Daxing Districts all exceeded the average level of the whole city, and Fangshan District was the highest. According to the spatial clustering analysis of agricultural NPS pollution risk, the whole Beijing could be divided into three primary zones: high, medium and light risk zones. In addition, based on the main types of pollution sources in each zone, it could be divided into 8 secondary sub-zones. Therefore, the agricultural NPS pollution could be classified and controlled, and the corresponding prevention and control countermeasures were proposed.
Study on water quality and eutrophication level in the coastal area of Dapeng Bay
DANG Ersha, LONG Chao, ZHANG Nan
2020, 10(4): 623-630. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20190044
Abstract(516) PDF(1289KB)(116)
Abstract:
Based on the monitoring data in the coastal area of Dapeng Bay in 2012-2016, the water quality of survey region was evaluated by using methods of single factor index and the organic pollution index. Furthermore, the eutrophication index and potential eutrophication index were applied to assess the eutrophication level, and the correlations between eutrophication level and environmental factors (salinity) also investigated. The results suggested that the water quality in the whole study area was generally good in 2012-2016, meeting Class Ⅱ seawater quality standards in Sea Water Quality Standard (GB 3097-1997), and the interannual changes were fluctuating without obvious rules. In the spatial distribution, only the Sha Tau Kok area was significantly polluted. The results of eutrophication level basically showed low-nutrient, and the interannual changes showed an upward trend. In the spatial distribution, only the Sha Tau Kok and Nan’ao Bay showed eutrophic and high eutrophic states, respectively. The potential eutrophication was mainly concentrated in grade Ⅰ (poor-nutrition). The correlation analysis showed that the eutrophication index was negatively correlated with salinity, suggesting that the surveyed sea area was greatly affected by low-salinity and high-concentration pollutants from estuarine flushing water and land-based pollution.
Determination of inorganic elemental concentrations in PM2.5 by ICP-MS and the analysis of pollution characteristics
WANG Wan, WANG Li, ZHANG Xiao, ZHANG Baojun, CAO Zhenhong, ZHANG Jiahao, ZHU Yuanyuan
2020, 10(4): 631-638. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20190181
Abstract(414) PDF(1446KB)(127)
Abstract:
The concentrations of 23 inorganic elements in PM2.5 were determined directly and simultaneously by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) combined with microwave digestion. The working parameters and conditions of the digestion and ICP-MS were optimized and selected. The detection limits ranged from 0.01 to 10.00 ng/mL and the quantitative detection limits were at the range of 0.04-40.00 ng/mL. PM2.5 membrane filter samples, collected in three monitoring sites of Tangshan City from October of 2017 to January of 2018, were measured by the method. and the results of the analytical data were shown as follows. The concentration of Si was 2.30 μg/m3, which was the highest value among the measured crustal elements. Most elements had higher concentrations during the before-heating period than during the heating period. The concentration of Zn was 0.48 μg/m 3, which was the highest value among the heavy metals, and the concentrations of these heavy metals were mostly higher in November and December during this observation campaign. The measured elemental concentrations were mostly comparable to other literature data, which showed that this method was suitable for inorganic multi-element analysis of ambient atmospheric PM2.5.
Development of research on the conversion of carbon dioxide into fuel and high value-added products
WANG Rui, XU Yirong, MENG Kexin, TANG Wei, YANG Ziyi, WANG Wen
2020, 10(4): 639-646. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20190179
Abstract(534) PDF(1499KB)(161)
Abstract:
Carbon dioxide(CO2) can be converted into clean fuel and high value-added products by CO2 capture and conversion technology, which is one of the effective ways to alleviate energy problems in the future. According to the mechanism of CO2 conversion, combined with the development of CO2 conversion technology in recent years, the research progress of the preparation of a series of high value-added products, such as methanol, formic acid, ethanol and acetic acid, by catalytic conversion technology, electrochemical reduction technology, photochemical conversion technology, photoelectric catalytic conversion technology and biological conversion technology were mainly introduced. Based on the existing technology, the CO2 conversion technology would be further developed in combination with many fields such as development of new catalysts, and cultivation and optimization of microorganisms with the function of CO2 conversion, which could play a solid foundation for large-scale industrial production and practical application of CO2 conversion technology.
Release characteristics of PAHs in oil-based drilling cuttings solidified body
WANG Zhichao, HE Jie, ZHANG Manli, CAI Hongying, HUANG Zechun
2020, 10(4): 647-652. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200013
Abstract(358) PDF(1210KB)(91)
Abstract:
An effective way to further dispose and utilize resources is to make oil-based drilling cuttings into blocky solidified body. However, when solidified body is used, PAHs may leach out. The release characteristics of 5 kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in solidified body, including naphthalene, anthracene, fluoranthene, benzo (b) fluoranthene and benzo (a) pyrene (BaP), were studied by using the test method of effective amount of inorganic components in solid (NEN7371) and the diffusion test method of inorganic components in bulk materials (NEN7375) and to assess their leaching release risks. The results showed that the effective release rates of the 5 kinds of PAHs were all below 2%. The effective release amount of BaP exceeded the limiting value of Category Ⅲ in Groundwater Quality Standard (GB/T 14848-2017). In static immersion release characteristic experiments, 5 kinds of PAHs released at the early stage, and their accumulated release amount at the previous 16 days accounted for more than 78% of the cumulative total release amount of 64 days. The release mechanism of the 5 kinds of PAHs included diffusion control, dissolution release, delayed release, depletion and surface wash-off. Different PAHs in solidified body had different release characteristics, but in general, they were mainly released in the way of diffusion control. In the later stage, they mainly released in the form of depletion mechanism.
Research on reverse logistics recovery model of construction waste based on EPR
ZHANG Ruirui, CHEN Qijun, LIU Xingmin
2020, 10(4): 653-660. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20190158
Abstract(425) PDF(1497KB)(100)
Abstract:
A scientific and sound recycling system is an important prerequisite for effective recycling of construction waste and a material guarantee for the smooth development of construction waste recycling industry. On the basis of the review of extended producer responsibility (EPR) related theories and empirical studies, the extended responsibilities of building materials manufacturers in the life cycle of building materials from the perspective of product life cycle were analyzed. Then, the theory of reverse logistics and its applicability to the recycling of construction waste were explained, and the concept of reverse logistics of construction waste was proposed. Finally, based on EPR, four modes of reverse logistics of construction waste were established and their advantages and disadvantages were clarified, and the mathematical models were constructed to comprehensively compare the optimal values of relevant parameters of different modes. The results showed that: among the four reverse logistics modes, the profit of building materials manufacturers, the amount of construction waste recycling and the recycling willingness were the greatest under the cooperative-partner take-back (CPT); the more participants in the reverse logistics industry chain of construction waste, the more benefit loss; the more mature the construction waste sorting technology is, the higher the recycling probability of construction waste will be.
Study on the effect of modified biochar materials on in situ remediation of contaminated sediments
CAO Jing, WANG Pengfei, CHEN Junyi, WANG Shuhang, YANG Guoli
2020, 10(4): 661-670. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200021
Abstract(466) PDF(3802KB)(120)
Abstract:
To study the control effect of biochar material on the release of nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metal pollutants, two kinds of polluted sediment samples were collected from the river network and lake in Jiaxing City. Four kinds of modified biochars were produced using reed as the biomass feedstock and FeCl3, AlCl3, MgCl2 and KMnO4 as modifiers, while unmodified biochar, activated carbon and Phoslock were used as reference materials. The control effects of the seven kinds of remediation materials on the release of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), nitrate nitrogen ( NO 　 3 - -N) and total soluble nitrogen (DTN), orthophosphate ( P O 4 3 - -P), total soluble phosphorus (DTP) and heavy metal ions into the water from the two kinds of polluted sediments were analyzed. The results showed that after adding AlCl3 modified biochar to the sediments, the concentrations of NH3-N, DTN, P O 4 3 - -P, DTP, Ni, As released into the water from the two sediments could be reduced by 17.42%, 18.61%, 91.23%, 77.04%, 72.13%, 46.21%, respectively, at the most. After adding FeCl3 modified biochar, the concentrations of P O 4 3 - -P, DTP and As released into the water from the two sediments could be decreased by 91.23%, 92.59% and 95.80%, respectively, but the concentrations of DTN and Ni in the water increased. After adding MgCl2 and KMnO4 modified biochar, the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, Ni and As pollutants released into the water from the two sediments increased rather than decreased. In conclusion, AlCl3 modified biochar could effectively fix phosphorus, Ni and As in sediments and thus be considered as a material for in situ remediation of contaminated sediment.
Study on the evaluation and optimization of industrial structure in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas for regional atmospheric environmental quality improvement
ZHANG Baoliu, LÜ Lianhong, WANG Jian, LUO Hong
2020, 10(4): 671-678. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20190196
Abstract(455) PDF(1230KB)(96)
Abstract:
Unreasonable industrial structure and layout are the main causes of serious air pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas. The optimization of regional industrial structure and layout can effectively improve the quality of regional atmospheric environment. The industrial structure similarity coefficient method, the industrial structure deviation correction index method and the industrial structure transfer measurement method were applied to quantitatively assess the degree of convergence, rationalization and advancedization of the industrial structure of the seven provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas. According to the requirements of regional atmospheric environmental quality improvement, the countermeasures for industrial structure optimization were proposed. The results showed that the similarity coefficient of industrial structure between Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and the surrounding provinces had been increasing year by year and close to 1, and there was a serious structural convergence phenomenon. Except for Beijing, the rationalization degree of industrial structure in other provinces was generally low, and the improvement rate was slow. The advancedization degree of regional industrial structure was on a gradual upward trend. Beijing’s industrial structure was the most advanced and other provinces were generally lower. In the future, measures should be taken to improve the regional industrial structure, including clarifying the development characteristics and positioning of each province formulating differentiated development strategies, optimizing industrial layout as a whole and accelerating industrial transfer and integration.
Application of quadrant analysis to data audit in the Second National Pollution Source Census
LIU Xiaofu, ZHANG Zhimiao, WANG Ying, LIU Baiyin, QIU Wenting, LUO Lei
2020, 10(4): 679-684. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20190194
Abstract(494) PDF(1183KB)(114)
Abstract:
Quadrant analysis is an important method of outlier screening, which can find solutions to the problem through trend classification of two important attributes of things. Taking the industrial source quantity audit, and industrial output and coal usage audit as examples, the application process of quadrant analysis in the inventory and census stages of the Second National Pollution Source Census was analyzed. The target in the inventory stage was to identify the missing or underreported quantity, so the points distributed in the lower right quadrant were regarded as the abnormal objects. While in the census stage, the target was to report the outlier, so the points distributed in the upper left and lower right quadrants were regarded as the anomalous objects. Compared with the conventional methods such as direct comparison, expert experience judgment, ranking and proportion analysis, average and histogram method, quadrant analysis has the characteristics of strong objectivity, with fewer samples and simple operation. It is extremely suitable for the data audit of pollution source census, and can also make up for the lack of industry experts in the data audit.
Evaluation on the development level of environmental service industry in China
WU Na, WANG Yanhua, WU Jia, FENG Qiang, FU Zeqiang
2020, 10(4): 685-690. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20190188
Abstract(338) PDF(933KB)(109)
Abstract:
As an important composition of productive service and environmental protection industry, environmental service industry is the important engine for the economic development in China. Based on the evolution of the definition and category of environmental service industry, the current development situation of China’s environmental service industry was analyzed, an index system including industrial structure, industrial scale, industrial profitability, industrial concentration, and dimension of industrial innovation capabilities was constructed. In this paper, the principal component analysis (PCA) are adopted to evaluate comprehensively the development level of environmental service industry in China from 2015 to 2017. The results showed that the comprehensive development level of China’s environmental service industry has been rising trend year by year, which was consistent with the analysis of various factors. According to the comprehensive index of environmental service industry from 2015 to 2017, the economic growth capacity factor was the biggest in 2017 in the three years, so the improvement of comprehensive development level was mainly due to the improvement of economic growth capacity factor in that year. The scale technological growth capacity factor of environmental service industry was the largest in 2016, which indicated that the improvement of technological growth capacity in that year promoted the comprehensive development level of environmental service industry. According to the evaluation results, several suggestions were put forward to enhance the development level of environmental service industry in China, such as expanding the scale of environmental service industry, cultivating leading enterprises, enhancing the technological innovation and growth capacity of environmental service enterprises, and improving the safeguard measures of environmental service industry, etc.

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