SLAB模型在某工厂液氨泄漏应急响应中的应用

杨静翎; 凌敏

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.01.015

SLAB模型在某工厂液氨泄漏应急响应中的应用

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2017.01.015

杨静翎,
凌敏

湖南省环境保护科学研究院, 湖南长沙 410004

详细信息

作者简介:
杨静翎(1980—),女,工程师,主要从事环境影响评价, joy_youngjl@163.com

中图分类号: X507
计量
- 文章访问数: 2070
- HTML全文浏览量: 99
- PDF下载量: 1478
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-08-01
- 刊出日期: 2017-01-20

Application of SLAB model in liquid ammonia leakage emergency response

Hunan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Changsha 410004, China

摘要

摘要: 以某工厂储存的液氨泄漏事故为研究对象,将SLAB模型运用到环境应急救援体系中。采用SLAB模型模拟了在冬季、低风速等较不利气象条件下液氨泄漏的IDLH(立即威胁生命和健康)浓度、短时间(15 min)容许接触浓度、居住区大气中有害物质的最高容许浓度的扩散范围。该模型的预测结果比较清晰地反映了环境事故发生后氨气可能扩散的危险区域:在泄漏时间为10 min时,泄漏源下风向0~435.8 m内地面浓度超过IDLH浓度;下风向435.8~797.1 m内地面浓度超过工作场所的短时间最高容许接触浓度;下风向797.1~1 031.6 m内地面浓度超过居住区大气中有害物质的最高容许浓度。根据以上预测结果,救援指挥者可以快速了解事故后果,及时做出正确的救援方案。
- 环境应急 /
- SLAB模型 /
- 预测 /
- 救援
Abstract: Taking the leakage of stored liquid ammonia in a factory as the research object, the SLAB model was applied to simulate the environmental emergency rescue system for the leakage accident. The consequences in adverse environment conditions (such as low wind speed in the winter) following the accident of liquid ammonia leakage were predicated by use of the SLAB model, including the concentration of immediate threat to life and health (IDLH), the permissible exposure concentration in 15 minutes, the diffusion range of the harmful substances' maximum permissible concentration in the residential atmosphere. The predicted results of the model clearly reflected the dangerous areas into which ammonia could possibly diffuse after the leakage accident. Specifically, within the areas of 0-435.8, 435.8-797.1 and 797.1-1 031.6 meters downwind from the leakage source, the ammonia ground concentrations respectively exceed IDLH, the maximum permissible concentration of ammonia in the workplace and the maximum permissible concentration of the harmful substances in the residential atmosphere, when the leakage time reaches 10 minutes. The rescue commanders can quickly comprehend the accident consequences according to the prediction, and make correct rescue programme in time.
- environmental emergency /
- SLAB model /
- forecast /
- rescue

HTML全文

参考文献(19)

[1]	夏登友, 钱新明, 黄金印 , 等. 液氨泄漏扩散模拟及危害评估[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2014,24(3):22-27. XIA D Y, QIAN X M, HUANG J Y , et al. Diffusion simulation and hazard evaluation for liquid ammonia leakage[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2014,24(3):22-27.
[2]	杨涛, 王旭炎, 李艳辉 , 等. 氨气泄漏事故的统计及后果分析[J]. 计算机与应用化学, 2011,28(10):1286-1288. YANG T, WANG X Y, LI Y H , et al. Acccident statistics and consequence analysis of ammonia leakage[J]. Computers and Applied Chemistry, 2011,28(10):1286-1288.
[3]	于加收 . 开放空间液氨泄露扩散规律及人员疏散的研究[D]. 北京:中国地质大学(北京), 2014.
[4]	李慧, 赵艳博, 林逢春 . 企业突发环境污染事故应急预案评估研究[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2011,34(3):175-179. LI H, ZHAO Y B, LIN F C . Evaluation on emergency preparedness plans for pollution incidents in enterprises[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2011,34(3):175-179.
[5]	罗艾民, 师立晨, 多英全 , 等. 液氨泄漏事故模式比较研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2007,3(3):21-24.
[6]	莫秀忠, 吴欣甜, 谢飞 , 等. 基于MATLAB的液氨瞬时泄漏模拟及应急措施研究[J]. 南开大学学报(自然科学版), 2014,47(4):1-5. MO X Z, WU X T, XIE F , et al. Research on instantaneous leakage of liquid ammonia based on MATLAB and emergency measures[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Nankaiensis, 2014,47(4):1-5.
[7]	GU J W, ZHANG X P, WANG Y . Environmental hazards analysis and discussion on ammonia tank leakage in power plant denitrification projects[J]. Journal of Safety & Environment, 2012,12(6):108-112.
[8]	QU F, HAO K, NIU H C . Application of phast in the quantitative evaluation for the liquefied ammonia leakage accidents[J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2013, 706/707/708:579-582.
[9]	MAZZOLDI A, HILL T, COLLS J J . CFD and Gaussian atmospheric dispersion models:a comparison for leak from carbon dioxide transportation and storage facilities[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2008,42(34):8046-8054.
[10]	GASPARINI A, SAINZ-GARCIA A, GRANDIA F , et al. Atmospheric dispersion modelling of a natural CO₂ degassing pool from Campo de Calatrava (northeast Spain) natural analogue:implications for carbon storage risk assessment[J]. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2016,47(1):147-148.
[11]	焦姣, 张静, 姬亚芹 , 等. ALOHA在突发性大气污染事故中的应用[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2015,15(3):151-155. JIAO J, ZHANG J, JI Y Q , et al. Application of ALOHA in sudden air pollution accidents[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2015,15(3):151-155.
[12]	DONALD L E . User’s manual for SLAB:an atmospheric dispersion model for denser-than-air releases[M]. California:University of Califomia.Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 1990: 3-5.
[13]	BHOSALE V A, PATIL K I, DEHANKA P B . Study of accidental releases heavy gas dispersion comparing slab models and screen-3 mode[J]. International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, 2015,4(1):765-769.
[14]	FAN Y, SONG G, LI J, et al. Diffusion leakage model study on chemical materials taking liquid ammonia as an example[C]// International Conference on Mechanic Automation & Control Engineering.Hohott:Inner Mongolia University of Technology, 2011: 3052-3055.
[15]	王伟 . SLAB模型在突发性大气风险事故中的应用[C]//2014年中国环境影响评价研讨会大会报告集, 北京:环境保护部环境工程评估中心, 2014-06-25.
[16]	瞿子晶, 钟圣俊 . WebGIS和SLAB模型的突发性大气污染事故模拟和应用[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2014,37(5):107-111. QU Z J, ZHONG S J . Simulation of sudden air pollution accident based on WebGIS and SLAB model[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2014,37(5):107-111.
[17]	张俊明, 袁鹏, 郭继香 , 等. 基于MATLAB模拟的石化企业蒸馏装置泄漏扩散环境风险分析[J]. 环境工程技术学报, 2013,3(3):259-265. ZHANG J M, YUAN P, GUO J X , et al. Analysis of environmental risk of leakage and diffusion of distillation column in petrochemical enterprises based on MATLAB[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology, 2013,3(3):259-265.
[18]	刘昕, 李晋生, 刘静 , 等. 水泥厂风险评价及SLAB模型的应用[J]. 环境工程, 2014(9):139-141. LIU X, LI J S, LIU J , et al. Risk assessment of cement plant and application of the model SLAB[J]. Environmental Engineering, 2014(9):139-141.
[19]	傅鹏, 许雄飞, 朱奕 , 等. 长沙市灰霾天气与气象因子相关性研究[J]. 四川环境, 2014,33(6):66-71. FU P, XU X F, ZHU Y , et al. The research of correlation between dust-haze and meteorological factors in Changsha[J]. Sichuan Environment, 2014,33(6):66-71.