工地扬尘管控措施效果量化研究

陈科; 周军; 聂春晓; 冯锡勇; 龙星玥; 孙扬; 贾天蛟

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230639

工地扬尘管控措施效果量化研究

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230639

陈科^1,,
周军¹,
聂春晓¹,
冯锡勇¹,
龙星玥²,
孙扬^2, ,,
贾天蛟^2, ,

1.
成都市住房和城乡建设局
2.
中国科学院大气物理研究所

基金项目: 成都市大气污染防治之工地扬尘防控工作内容（N5101012022000436）

详细信息

作者简介:
陈科(1964—)，男，高级工程师，主要从事建筑工地抑尘理论和实践研究，726677061@qq.com

通讯作者:
孙扬(1974—)，男，研究员级高级工程师，主要从事大气化学与大气环境研究，suny@mail.iap.ac.cn

贾天蛟(1997—)，女，硕士研究生，主要从事大气化学与大气环境研究，1801214185@pku.org.cn

中图分类号: X513
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- 文章访问数: 40
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- PDF下载量: 23
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-09-04
- 录用日期: 2023-10-31
- 修回日期: 2023-09-22

Quantitative effect evaluation on dust control measures of construction sites

1.
Chengdu Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau
2.
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

摘要

摘要:
随着城市规划建设，大规模建筑工程在地基开挖、主体建设、外墙装修过程中，会产生以粗颗粒物（PM₁₀）为代表的众多大气污染物。为尽量减少建筑工地扬尘产生PM₁₀，相关部门要求建筑工地采取裸土覆盖、立体喷淋、围挡隔离等抑尘措施。基于现场抑尘措施控制试验和高精度数值风洞试验对各措施的抑尘效果进行逐一探究。结果表明：只开围挡喷淋时PM₁₀浓度下降5.1%，只开施工喷淋时浓度下降12.3%，二者全开时浓度下降11.4%。风速较大时，裸土覆盖的抑尘效果比小风天气显著，在三级风（大于2 m/s）下裸土覆盖的PM₁₀浓度均值相比裸土不覆盖时平均下降10.7%。裸土喷淋后的PM₁₀浓度比不喷淋时下降21.3%。整体上基坑阶段在围挡2、3、4和5 m时的扬尘削减率分别为3.6%、10.5%、18.4%和29.0%。在主体阶段，随着排放源的升高，扬尘扩散的影响距离逐渐降低。当源高10 m时，最大影响距离为工地外75 m；当源高30 m时，最大影响距离为工地外50 m；当源高50和90 m时，刚出工地的扬尘逸散率便在10%以内，即对工地外的影响可以忽略。
- 工地扬尘 /
- 裸土覆盖 /
- 立体喷淋 /
- 围挡隔离 /
- 管控效果 /
- 数值风洞试验
Abstract:
With the urban planning and construction, large-scale construction projects have produced amounts of atmospheric pollutants represented by coarse particulate matter (PM₁₀) in the process of foundation excavation, main construction and exterior wall decoration. In order to minimize PM₁₀ caused by dust at construction sites, relevant departments require to take dust suppression measures at construction sites such as bare soil covering, stereoscopic spraying and enclosure isolation. The dust suppression effect of each measure was explored based on the on-site dust suppression measure controlled experiments and high-precision numerical wind tunnel experiments. The results showed that PM₁₀ concentration decreased by 5.1% when only using enclosure spraying, the concentration decreased by 12.3% when only using construction spraying, and when both measures were used, the concentration decreased by 11.4%. When the wind speed was high, the dust suppression effect of bare soil cover was more significant than that of low wind, and the mean PM₁₀ concentration of bare soil cover under third-level wind (>2 m/s) was 10.7% lower than that without bare soil cover. PM₁₀ concentration of bare soil spray decreased by 21.3% compared with that of no spray. On the whole, the dust reduction rates during the foundation excavation stage were 3.6%, 10.5%, 18.4% and 29.0% for enclosure heights of 2, 3, 4 and 5 m, respectively. In the main construction stage, the influence distance of dust diffusion gradually decreased with the increase of emission source. When the source height was 10 m, the maximum influence distance was 75 m outside the construction site; when the source height was 30m, the maximum influence distance was 50 m. When the source height was 50 and 90 m, the dust dissipation rate was less than 10% as soon as the dust source left the site, which means that the impact outside the site could be ignored.
- construction site dust /
- bare soil cover /
- stereoscopic spraying /
- enclosure isolation /
- control effect /
- numerical wind tunnel experiments

HTML全文

图 1 抑尘措施试验站点位置及现场环境

Figure 1. Location map of dust suppression test sites and site environment

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图 2 工地现场抑尘措施

Figure 2. Site dust suppression measures

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图 3 工地基坑和主体阶段物理模型示意

Figure 3. Physical model diagram of site foundation excavation and main consteuction stages

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图 4 围挡喷淋和施工喷淋控制试验结果

Figure 4. Controlled experimental results of enclosure spraying and construction spraying

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图 5 不同风级下裸土覆盖与未覆盖所测PM₁₀浓度比对

Figure 5. Comparison of PM₁₀ concentrations measured under different wind scales with and without soil cover

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图 6 裸土喷淋控制试验结果

Figure 6. Experimental results of bare soil spray control

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图 7 基坑施工阶段各围挡高度下剖面云图

注：基坑初步阶段坑深设为3 m，基坑后期阶段坑深设为10 m。图左下方棕色方块为土地剖面。

Figure 7. Longitudinal profile cloud map at each enclosure height during foundation excavation

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图 8 基坑施工阶段各围挡高度PM₁₀浓度1.5 m高俯视平面云图

注：基坑初步阶段坑深设为3 m，基坑后期阶段坑深设为10 m。内、外实线框分别代表基坑边缘、围挡；虚线框内为扬尘排放的区域。

Figure 8. PM₁₀ concentration cloud map of 1.5 m high overhead plane at each enclosure height during foundation excavation

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图 9 基坑施工阶段各围挡高度监测点扬尘逸散率曲线

注：基坑初步阶段坑深设为3 m，基坑后期阶段坑深设为10 m。

Figure 9. Dust dissipation rate curve of each monitoring point at each enclosure height during foundation excavation

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图 10 基坑施工阶段各围挡高度的扬尘削减率

Figure 10. Dust removal rate at each enclosure height during foundation excavation

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图 11 不同源高下气流纵向剖面云图及PM₁₀浓度纵向剖面云图

注：每张图右侧是楼体剖面。

Figure 11. Longitudinal profile cloud map of airflow and the longitudinal profile cloud map of PM₁₀ concentration at different source heights

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图 12 不同源高下监测点扬尘逸散率曲线

Figure 12. Dust dissipation rate curves of monitoring points with different heights of sources

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表 1 抑尘措施控制试验设计

Table 1. Experimental design of controlled dust suppression measures

试验站点	抑尘措施	抑尘措施控制	试验目的
工地1	围挡喷淋	开/关	围挡分散喷淋的抑尘效果
	施工喷淋	开/关	施工点集中喷淋的抑尘效果
	围挡喷淋+施工喷淋	开/关	综合喷淋的抑尘效果
工地2	裸土洒水	开/关	裸土洒水的抑尘效果
工地2	裸土覆盖	开/关	裸土覆盖的抑尘效果
注：裸土覆盖相对比较特殊，需考虑风速、天气（是否降水）等多种气象条件，故对应于裸土覆盖和裸土不覆盖的情况同时安装了2台仪器，并在整个监测期间进行数据采集。

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