Spatial distribution and regulatory countermeasures of key emission units in the national carbon market
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摘要:
重点排放单位空间分布特征对于生态环境部门制定全国碳市场数据质量监管政策有重要意义，但目前对重点排放单位空间分布规律认识仍然有限。以行政区重点排放单位分布为研究对象，运用全局和局部空间自相关分析探讨重点排放单位的空间集聚特征，采用空间聚类方法划定不同区域，并结合社会经济发展、用电量和产业结构等探讨管控策略。结果表明：重点排放单位在华东地区和华北地区分布较为集中，在城市和县域尺度存在明显的空间正自相关，高高集聚、低低集聚均呈现连片分布，高高集聚主要分布在煤炭资源富集和经济发达地区。依据重点排放单位数量及碳排放关联因素，将全国城市划分为7个区域，区域1主要位于西北地区，区域2由山西、陕西、宁夏中东部及新疆北部、内蒙古东部的部分地区组成，区域3、4、5和6分别主要位于东北、华北、华东和西南地区，区域7主要位于中部和南部地区。对区域1、2和6本地矿区与重点排放单位的煤质参数进行比较，可快速评估碳排放数据质量；将区域3和4的本地煤炭和外来煤炭进行区分，有助于进行重点排放单位分类监管；应关注区域5和7煤炭来源对碳排放的影响。此外，应强化重点排放单位集中区域碳排放监管的基础能力培训，做好社会经济相对落后地区重点排放单位碳排放数据质量管理帮扶等。
Abstract:The spatial distribution characteristics of key emission units are of great significance to the ecological and environmental departments in formulating the supervision policies for national carbon market data quality, but the current knowledge of these characteristics is still limited. Taking the distribution of key emission units in administrative regions as the research object, and the spatial agglomeration characteristics of key emission units were explored using global and local spatial autocorrelation analysis. Various regions were identified by the spatial clustering method, and control measures were discussed in the context of socioeconomic development, electricity consumption, industrial structure, and other factors. The findings demonstrated that the distribution of key emission units was more concentrated in east and north China, with clear signs of positive spatial autocorrelation at the city and county scales. The results also demonstrated that both high high and low low agglomeration exhibited continuous distribution, with high high agglomeration mainly distributed in areas with abundant coal resources and developed economies. The cities in China were classified into seven regions based on the quantity of key emissionunits and carbon emission-related factors. Region 1 was dominated by the northwest region. Region 2 included parts of Shanxi, Shaanxi, as well as central and eastern Ningxia, northern Xinjiang, and eastern Inner Mongolia. Regions 3, 4, 5 and 6 were primarily found in northeast, north, east, and southwest China, respectively. Region 7 was mostly in the center and south of China. The accuracy of data on carbon emissions could be rapidly evaluated by comparing coal quality parameters between local mines and key emission units in Regions 1, 2 and 6. The distinction between local and imported coal in Regions 3 and 4 could help to categorize and regulate the key emission units, while Regions 5 and 7 should pay close attention to the effects of coal sources on carbon emissions. Additionally, basic capacity building for carbon emission supervision in the concentrated regions of key emission units should be enhanced, and help for carbon emission data quality management should be offered to key emission units in socioeconomically backward areas.
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图 1 重点排放单位在省域单元的空间分布特征
Figure 1. Spatial distribution of China's key emission units at provincial level
图 2 重点排放单位在城市和县域尺度统计特征
Figure 2. Statistics on key emission units at city level and country level
表 1 重点排放单位空间聚类
Table 1. Space clustering of key emission units
区域 地区 区域1 阿拉善盟、兰州、嘉峪关、金昌、白银、武威、张掖、平凉、酒泉、西宁、海北州 、海西州、石嘴山、固原、中卫、克拉玛依、博州、巴州、阿克苏、喀什、和田、塔城、石河子、阿拉尔、图木舒克、五家渠、北屯、双河、可克达拉 区域2 太原、大同、阳泉、长治、晋城、朔州、晋中、运城、忻州、临汾、吕梁、乌海、鄂尔多斯、锡林郭勒、淮南、阜阳、铜川、宝鸡、咸阳、渭南、延安、榆林、银川、吴忠、乌鲁木齐、吐鲁番、哈密、昌吉、伊犁 区域3 北京、天津、石家庄、唐山、秦皇岛、保定、张家口、承德、衡水、呼和浩特、包头、赤峰、通辽、呼伦贝尔、巴彦淖尔、乌兰察布、兴安盟、沈阳、大连、鞍山、抚顺、本溪、丹东、锦州、营口、阜新、辽阳、盘锦、铁岭、朝阳、葫芦岛、长春、吉林、四平、辽源、通化、白山、松原、白城、延边、哈尔滨、齐齐哈尔、鸡西、鹤岗、双鸭山、大庆、伊春、佳木斯、七台河、牡丹江、黑河、绥化、大兴安岭 区域4 邯郸、邢台、沧州、廊坊、淮北、宿州、亳州、济南、济宁、泰安、德州、聊城、菏泽、郑州、洛阳、平顶山、安阳、鹤壁、新乡、焦作、濮阳、许昌、三门峡、商丘、济源 区域5 上海、南京、无锡、徐州、常州、苏州、南通、连云港、淮安、盐城、扬州、镇江、泰州、宿迁、杭州、宁波、嘉兴、湖州、舟山、蚌埠、滁州、青岛、淄博、枣庄、东营、烟台、潍坊、威海、日照、临沂、滨州 区域6 攀枝花、泸州、宜宾、六盘水、遵义、安顺、毕节、黔西南、昆明、曲靖、玉溪、昭通、普洱、临沧、红河 区域7 温州、绍兴、金华、衢州、台州、丽水、合肥、芜湖、马鞍山、铜陵、安庆、六安、池州、宣城、福州、厦门、莆田、三明、泉州、漳州、龙岩、宁德、南昌、景德镇、萍乡、九江、新余、鹰潭、赣州、吉安、宜春、抚州、上饶、开封、漯河、南阳、信阳、周口、驻马店、武汉、黄石、十堰、宜昌、襄阳、鄂州、荆门、孝感、荆州、黄冈、咸宁、潜江、长沙、株洲、湘潭、衡阳、邵阳、岳阳、常德、张家界、益阳、郴州、怀化、娄底、广州、韶关、深圳、珠海、汕头、佛山、江门、湛江、茂名、肇庆、惠州、梅州、汕尾、河源、阳江、东莞、中山、潮州、揭阳、云浮、南宁、柳州、桂林、北海、防城港、钦州、贵港、百色、贺州、河池、来宾、崇左、海口、三亚、儋州、文昌、东方、乐东、重庆、成都、自贡、德阳、绵阳、广元、遂宁、内江、乐山、南充、眉山、广安、达州、贵阳、铜仁、黔东南、黔南、文山、西安、汉中、商洛 
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表 2 重点排放单位碳排放的关联因素统计
Table 2. Statistics on related factors of carbon emissions from key emission units
区域 重点排放
单位数量/家全社会用电量平
均值/
（万kW·h）第二产业占比
平均值/
%人均GDP平均
值/
（元/人）区域1 29 1 239 437 37 72 720 区域2 29 2 345 103 46 64 081 区域3 53 2 239 371 31 47 841 区域4 25 2 362 935 43 56 319 区域5 31 4 774 096 44 106 099 区域6 15 1 557 210 39 51 202 区域7 122 1 998 405 40 65 617
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