Study on the emission inventory and characteristics of air pollutants from inland and coastal ships in Guangxi
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摘要:
基于广西船舶数量及类型、船舶引擎功率等数据，以广西壮族自治区为例，通过船舶引擎功率法建立广西2020年内河及沿海船舶排放清单，探究广西内河及沿海船舶主要大气污染排放量时空分布，并通过大气扩散模型模拟了船舶大气污染物排放对广西沿海港区大气环境的影响。结果表明：内河船舶中干货船排放占比为35.6%，四等船排放占比为26.07%；沿海船舶中拖船排放占比为44.16%~49.33%，主机、辅机、锅炉排放占比分别为52.39%、21.43%、26.18%；不同工况下，沿海船舶停泊工况SO2排放占比最高，其余污染物在慢速行驶工况下排放占比最高。2020年广西北部湾海域船舶SO2、NOx、HC、CO2的平均排放强度分别为0.32、2.14、0.07、121.93 t/km2。
Abstract:Based on the data such as the number and types of ships in Guangxi, and the power of ship engines, taking Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region as an example, the ship engine power method was used to establish the 2020 Guangxi inland and coastal ship emission list, and to explore the spatial distribution of the main air pollutant emissions from inland and coastal ships in Guangxi in 2020. The impact of ship air pollutant emissions on the atmospheric environment of Guangxi coastal port areas was simulated using an atmospheric diffusion model. The results showed that the dry cargo ships contributed 35.6% of the emissions from inland vessels, while the fourth-class ships accounted for 26.07% of the emissions. The contribution of tugboat emissions to coastal ships was 44.16%-49.33%, with emissions from main engines, auxiliary engines, and boilers being 52.39%, 21.43%, and 26.18%, respectively. Under different operating conditions, Coastal ship berthing conditions account for the highest percentage of SO2 emissions, while for other pollutants the highest emissions were observed in slow-driving conditions. In 2020, the average emission intensity of SO2, NOx, HC, and CO2 from ships in Beibu Gulf of Guangxi was 0.32, 2.14, 0.07, 121.93 t/km2, respectively.
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Key words:
- emission factor /
- ship emission list /
- air pollutants /
- emission contribution /
- engine power method
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图 1 广西船舶大气污染物排放量计算流程
Figure 1. Calculation flow chart of atmospheric pollutant emissions from ships in Guangxi
图 2 广西各港口船舶到港艘次所属船舶类型分布
Figure 2. Distribution of ship types of ships arriving at ports in Guangxi
图 3 内河不同类型船舶污染物排放占比
Figure 3. Share ratio of main pollutant emissions from different types of inland river ships
图 4 不同主机工况船舶主要污染物排放占比
Figure 4. Share ratio of main pollutant emissions from ships under different main engine operating conditions
图 5 不同辅机工况船舶主要污染物排放占比
Figure 5. Share ratio of main pollutant emissions from ships under different auxiliary engine operating conditions
图 6 沿海不同类型船舶污染物排放占比
Figure 6. Share ratio of main pollutant emissions from different type of ships along the coast
图 7 沿海船舶主辅机污染物排放占比
Figure 7. Share ratio of main pollutant emissions from main and auxiliary engines of ships along the coast
图 8 沿海船舶各行驶状态污染物排放占比
Figure 8. Share ratio of main pollutant emissions from coastal ships in various driving states
图 9 北部湾港口周边海域污染物排放强度分布
Figure 9. Distribution of pollutant emission intensity of the sea area around Beibu Gulf Port
表 1 不同等级船舶艘次占总到港登记艘次的比例
Table 1. Proportion of ships of different classes in the total number of registered ships arriving at the port
% 一等船舶 二等船舶 三等船舶 四等船舶 五等船舶 21.75 17.92 20.98 20.18 19.17 
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表 2 广西内河各类型船舶不同行驶工况下的平均活动时间
Table 2. Average activity time of various types of ships in Guangxi inland rivers under different driving modes
h 船舶类型 船舶进出港 船舶进出闸 正常航行 进出港航
行（慢速）停泊 正常航行 进出闸
航行（慢速）停泊 干货船 一等船 3.25 0.25 27.50 2.25 0.36 35.10 二等船 3.03 0.27 33.20 2.39 0.44 34.30 三等船 3.27 0.31 21.50 3.22 0.39 29.60 四等船 4.52 0.31 23.90 3.05 0.37 27.80 五等船 2.27 0.36 31.30 4.28 0.32 29.30 多用途船 1.36 0.26 41.40 1.68 0.25 31.60 客渡船 0.21 0.33 26.20 2.23 0.27 17.50 散货船 1.13 0.29 31.90 1.17 0.36 22.60 拖船 0.84 0.42 25.80 2.03 0.27 24.70 其他船舶 1.15 0.38 27.60 2.56 0.29 32.40
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表 3 内河船舶综合校正后的排放因子
Table 3. Emission factors of inland river ships after comprehensive correction
g/(kW·h) 项目 主机 航行状态 SO2 CO HC CO2 不同船舶等级
排放因子一、二等船 正常航行 0.80 1.12 0.53 683.00 进出港 1.08 2.43 1.22 899.51 进出闸 1.02 2.12 1.02 851.01 三等船 正常航行 0.80 1.20 0.53 683.00 进出港 0.88 1.47 0.62 741.73 进出闸 0.85 1.23 0.55 711.68 四、五等船 正常航行 0.80 1.10 0.53 683.00 进出港 0.87 1.43 0.21 732.17 进出闸 0.96 1.87 0.89 801.84 不同船舶类型
排放因子干货船 正常航行 0.81 1.10 0.5 683.00 进出港 0.88 1.47 0.69 741.73 进出闸 0.85 1.29 0.59 711.68 多用途船 正常航行 0.81 1.10 0.5 683.00 进出港 1.03 2.25 1.16 870.14 进出闸 0.98 2.01 1.00 831.89 客渡船 正常航行 0.81 1.10 0.50 683.00 进出港 1.07 2.48 1.28 899.51 进出闸 1.01 2.14 1.09 851.02 散货船 正常航行 0.81 1.10 0.50 683.00 进出港 0.89 1.51 0.71 749.93 进出闸 0.97 1.97 0.98 826.43 拖船 正常航行 0.81 1.10 0.50 683.00 进出港 0.81 1.10 0.50 683.00 进出闸 0.81 1.10 0.50 683.00 其他船舶 正常航行 0.81 1.10 0.50 683.00 进出港 1.01 2.16 0.50 683.00 进出闸 0.95 1.79 0.87 797.07
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表 4 广西沿海各类型船舶排放因子
Table 4. Emission factors for various types of ships along the coast of Guangxi
g/(kW·h) 主机 主机
类型航行状态 NOx SO2 PM2.5 PM10 VOCs CO CO2 干货船 低速
柴油机巡航状态 15.2 1.2 0.12 0.27 0.64 0.54 615.0 慢速行驶 15.2 1.2 0.12 0.27 0.64 0.54 615.0 泊岸行驶 44.1 1.2 0.67 0.82 7.00 3.26 615.0 中速
柴油机巡航状态 11.2 1.2 0.12 0.27 0.55 1.12 615.0 慢速行驶 11.2 1.2 0.12 0.27 0.55 1.12 615.0 泊岸行驶 34.5 1.2 0.67 0.82 5.84 7.15 615.0 高速
柴油机巡航状态 10.3 1.2 0.12 0.27 0.27 1.12 615.0 慢速行驶 10.3 1.2 0.12 0.27 0.27 1.12 615.0 泊岸行驶 31.2 1.2 0.23 0.82 2.35 7.15 615.0 多用途船 低速
柴油机巡航状态 14.5 1.2 0.12 0.27 0.67 0.54 615.0 慢速行驶 17.3 1.2 0.23 0.27 1.14 0.84 615.0 泊岸行驶 62.0 1.2 1.00 1.36 12.70 4.87 615.0 中速
柴油机巡航状态 11.3 1.2 0.12 0.27 0.56 1.12 615.0 慢速行驶 12.1 1.2 0.23 0.27 0.96 1.85 615.0 泊岸行驶 53.1 1.2 1.00 1.36 10.60 10.6 615.0 高速
柴油机巡航状态 10.8 1.2 0.00 0.27 0.25 1.12 615.0 慢速行驶 11.5 1.2 0.12 0.27 0.48 1.85 615.0 泊岸行驶 48.2 1.2 0.46 1.36 4.23 10.6 615.0 客渡船 低速
柴油机巡航状态 14.7 1.2 0.12 0.27 0.65 0.53 615.0 慢速行驶 14.7 1.2 0.12 0.27 0.65 0.53 615.0 泊岸行驶 58.9 1.2 0.94 1.16 10.40 4.26 615.0 中速
柴油机巡航状态 11.3 1.2 0.12 0.27 0.57 1.12 615.0 慢速行驶 11.3 1.2 0.12 0.27 0.57 1.12 615.0 泊岸行驶 45.2 1.2 0.94 0.27 0.57 1.12 615.0 高速
柴油机巡航状态 10.1 1.2 0.00 0.27 0.25 1.12 615.0 慢速行驶 10.1 1.2 0.00 0.27 0.25 1.12 615.0 泊岸行驶 41.1 1.2 0.43 1.16 3.54 9.27 615.0 散货船 低速
柴油机巡航状态 14.7 1.2 0.12 0.27 0.67 0.58 615.0 慢速行驶 14.7 1.2 0.12 0.27 0.67 0.58 615.0 泊岸行驶 61.2 1.2 0.94 1.16 11.00 4.44 615.0 中速
柴油机巡航状态 11.1 1.2 0.12 0.27 0.54 1.12 615.0 慢速行驶 11.1 1.2 0.12 0.27 0.54 1.12 615.0 泊岸行驶 47.2 1.2 0.94 1.16 9.26 9.66 615.0 高速
柴油机巡航状态 10.2 1.2 0.00 0.27 0.24 1.12 615.0 慢速行驶 10.2 1.2 0.00 0.27 0.24 1.12 615.0 泊岸行驶 43.3 1.2 0.43 1.16 3.75 9.66 615.0 拖船 低速
柴油机巡航状态 14.6 1.2 0.12 0.27 0.63 0.56 615.0 慢速行驶 14.6 1.2 0.12 0.27 0.63 0.56 615.0 泊岸行驶 69.2 1.2 1.00 1.36 12.72 4.84 615.0 中速
柴油机巡航状态 11.1 1.2 0.12 0.27 0.55 1.12 615.0 慢速行驶 11.1 1.2 0.12 0.27 0.55 1.12 615.0 泊岸行驶 53.2 1.2 1.00 1.36 10.66 10.65 615.0 高速
柴油机巡航状态 10.2 1.2 0.00 0.27 0.27 1.12 615.0 慢速行驶 10.2 1.2 0.00 0.27 0.27 1.12 615.0 泊岸行驶 48.9 1.2 0.43 1.36 4.26 10.65 615.0 其他
船舶低速
柴油机巡航状态 14.7 1.2 0.10 0.27 0.65 0.55 615.0 慢速行驶 14.7 1.2 0.10 0.27 0.65 0.55 615.0 泊岸行驶 61.2 1.2 0.94 1.16 11.04 4.43 615.0 中速
柴油机巡航状态 11.9 1.2 0.12 0.27 0.56 1.12 615.0 慢速行驶 11.9 1.2 0.12 0.27 0.56 1.12 615.0 泊岸行驶 47.2 1.2 0.94 1.16 9.27 9.65 615.0 高速
柴油机巡航状态 10.8 1.2 0.00 0.27 0.25 1.12 615.0 慢速行驶 10.8 1.2 0.00 0.27 0.25 1.12 615.0 泊岸行驶 43.2 1.2 0.43 1.16 3.74 9.63 615.0
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表 5 广西沿海船舶大气污染物排放量
Table 5. Emissions of air pollutants from ships along the coast of Guangxi
t/a 船舶种类 NOx SO2 PM2.5 PM10 VOCs CO CO2 干货船 1 431.72 330.89 30.42 43.50 159.27 214.73 107 601.43 多用途船 727.00 144.69 21.25 25.56 124.29 117.67 46 303.56 客渡船 263.90 62.99 7.83 9.98 42.94 47.88 20 420.44 散货船 2263.10 507.54 62.21 80.32 347.71 437.93 166 904.29 拖船 6421.54 1 537.65 207.24 270.96 1 209.77 1 416.41 505 115.07 其他船舶 3 434.53 815.07 101.28 129.03 568.34 690.91 267 307.87 合计 14 541.80 3 398.82 430.23 556.34 2 452.32 2 925.53 1 113 652.66
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