人工湿地温室气体排放研究进展与减污降碳优化

马洪运; 周磊; 张雪琦; 孔令为; 成水平

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230175

人工湿地温室气体排放研究进展与减污降碳优化

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230175

马洪运^1,,
周磊¹,
张雪琦¹,
孔令为²,
成水平^{1, 3, ,}

1.
同济大学环境科学与工程学院，长江水环境教育部重点实验室
2.
西湖大学工学院，浙江省海岸带环境与资源研究重点实验室
3.
上海污染控制与生态安全研究院

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（52170168）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项（22120220367）；浙江省自然科学基金联合基金重点项目（LHZ22E090001）

详细信息

作者简介:
马洪运（1997—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为生态工程，782038245@qq.com

通讯作者:
成水平（1969—），男，教授，博士，研究方向为生态工程，shpcheng@tongji.edu.cn

中图分类号: X703；X171
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- 文章访问数: 220
- HTML全文浏览量: 81
- PDF下载量: 79
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-03-05
- 网络出版日期: 2023-11-24

Research progress of greenhouse gas emissions and optimization of pollution removal and carbon reduction in constructed wetland

1.
Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University
2.
Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University
3.
Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security

摘要

摘要:
全球气候变暖问题越来越受到重视，随着人工湿地广泛应用于水处理，人工湿地温室气体排放也受到关注。采用文献计量学方法，筛选分析了Web of Science（WoS）核心数据库中人工湿地温室气体排放相关文献，聚类统计了其中216篇研究文献关键词，总结了主要研究方向及进展。结果表明：1）人工湿地温室气体排放研究相关文献数量于2003年开始逐年增加，文献被引频次同样逐年上升；主要研究热点关键词聚类为四大研究方向，即基质和曝气对温室气体排放的影响、植物对温室气体排放的影响、一氧化二氮（N₂O）产生及去除路径、甲烷（CH₄）产生及去除路径。2）人工湿地基质种类及配置均会影响人工湿地温室气体排放；而曝气可改变人工湿地内部氧化还原条件导致温室气体排放发生变化；植物能够减少人工湿地温室气体排放总量，且不同植物因通气组织及生物量的差异引起人工湿地温室气体排放差异。3）人工湿地N₂O产生于硝化/反硝化、厌氧氨氧化、硝酸盐异化还原成铵等多条路径，但N₂O去除路径仅有反硝化；人工湿地CH₄产生于有机物厌氧氧化过程，其去除则包括好氧氧化和厌氧氧化2条路径。基于上述综述，提出人工湿地工艺/运行方式优选、内部配置优化、外部条件强化等方面的优化模式，并提出未来需深入研究人工湿地内部N₂O 及CH₄ 转化机制，优化调控人工湿地温室气体排放，以实现人工湿地减污降碳。
- 人工湿地 /
- 温室气体排放 /
- 影响因素 /
- 产生及去除路径 /
- 优化模式
Abstract:
The problem of global warming has being paid attention to increasingly, and the greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions from the constructed wetlands (CWs) have been concerned, with the widely application of CWs in water treatment. A bibliometric analysis of the related literatures on GHGs emissions from CWs in the Web of Science (WoS) core database was conducted, the key words of 216 research articles were analyzed by clustering, and the progress of main research subjects were summarized. The results showed that: 1) The number of literature on GHGs emissions from constructed wetlands had been increasing since 2003, and the citation frequency of articles also increased. The hot-spot clustering keywords focused on four research directions: the effects of substrate and aeration on greenhouse gases emissions, the effects of plants on greenhouse gases emissions, nitrous oxide (N₂O) production and removal pathways, methane (CH₄) production and removal pathways. 2) The type and configuration of substrates played important roles in the GHGs emissions in CWs. The process of aeration has the potential to alter the internal redox in CWs, thereby impacting the release of GHGs. The presence of plants led to a decrease in the overall GHGs emissions in CWs, while variations in aerenchyma and biomass among different plants resulted in different GHGs emissions. 3) The N₂O in CW was produced by various processes such as nitrification/denitrification, anaerobic ammonia oxidation, nitrate reduction to ammonium, and other pathways. However, denitrification was the unique pathway to remove N₂O. The CH₄ was produced by anaerobic oxidation of organic matter and removed in two paths of aerobic oxidation and anaerobic oxidation. Therefore, an optimized model was proposed to regulate GHGs emissions in CWs by process combination and operation, substrate configuration and plant selection, carbon addition and intermittent aeration. And it was also proposed to further study the conversion mechanism of N₂O and CH₄ in CWs, optimize the regulation of GHGs emissions, and achieve pollution reduction and carbon reduction in CWs in the future.
- constructed wetlands (CWs) /
- greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission /
- influencing factor /
- production and removal pathway /
- optimization mode

HTML全文

图 1 人工湿地温室气体排放研究年发文量及被引频次

Figure 1. Number of publications and frequency of citations per year for research on GHGs emissions from constructed wetlands

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图 2 人工湿地温室气体排放关键词共现网络云图

Figure 2. Cooccurrence network cloud of GHGs emission keywords in constructed wetlands

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图 3 人工湿地中温室气体的产生、迁移及转化机制

Figure 3. Mechanism of GHGs production, transport and transformation in constructed wetlands

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图 4 人工湿地减污降碳优化模式

Figure 4. Optimized route for pollutant removal and carbon emissions reduction in constructed wetlands

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表 1 人工湿地温室气体排放相关文献关键词聚类统计

Table 1. Keyword clustering statistics of papers related to GHGs emissions from constructed wetlands

聚类	关键词
1	biochar（生物炭）、dissolved organic-matter（溶解性有机物）、impact（影响）、intermittent aeration（间歇曝气）、media（基质）、nitrogen（氮）、nitrogen removal（脱氮）、nutrient removal（营养物去除）、oxygen（氧）
2	dinitrogen（脱氮）、efficiency（效率）、GWP（温室效应潜力）、greenhouse gas emissions（温室气体排放）、macrophytes（大型植物）、methane emission（CH₄排放）、microbial processes（微生物过程）、Phragmites australis（芦苇）、removal（去除）、temperature（温度）、 vascular plants（维管束植物）
3	denitrification（反硝化）、functional genes（功能基因）、microbial communities（微生物群落）、nitrate removal（硝酸盐去除）、 nitric-oxide（NO）、nitrification（硝化）、nitrogen transformation（氮转化）、nitrous oxide emission（N₂O排放）
4	bacteria（细菌）、biomass（生物量）、community structure（群落结构）、diversity（多样性）、dynamics（动力）、growth（生长）、methanogenesis （甲烷生成）、methanotrophs（甲烷营养）、microcosms（微宇宙）、reduction（还原）、rhizosphere（根区）、species richness（物种丰度）

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表 2 生物炭作为基质调控人工湿地温室气体排放的效果

Table 2. Effects of biochar substrate on GHGs emissions regulation from constructed wetlands

人工湿地类型	生物炭制备的原料	生物炭填充比例/%	N₂O产生量与TN去除量平均降低率比值^1）/%	CH₄产生量与TOC去除率平均降低率比值^1）/%	CO₂产生量与TOC去除率平均降低率比值^1）/%
水平潜流人工湿地^[16]	蔷薇枝	50	33.4	32.0	30.6
潜流人工湿地^[17]	蔷薇枝	50	60.0	50.0	21.5
潜流人工湿地^[28]	桃核	16.7	60.5	−700	5.8
垂直潜流人工湿地^[29-30]	竹片	19.2	0
垂直潜流人工湿地^[19]	香蒲	10	27	−76.6	35.9
垂直潜流人工湿地^[31]	芦竹	40	67.3
垂直潜流人工湿地^[32]	竹片	19.2	35.4
1）为生物炭基质人工湿地与研究对照组人工湿地相比。

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