高温制备土霉素菌渣生物炭对铀尾矿库渗排水中铀的吸附效果与机理

牛子铭; 曹欣然; 彭国文; 李梁; 代立春

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230133

高温制备土霉素菌渣生物炭对铀尾矿库渗排水中铀的吸附效果与机理

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230133

牛子铭^1,,
曹欣然²,
彭国文¹,
李梁^{2, 3, ,},
代立春⁴

1.
南华大学资源环境与安全工程学院
2.
核工业北京化工冶金研究院
3.
东华理工大学核资源与环境国家重点实验室
4.
农业部沼气科学研究所

基金项目: 中国铀业-东华理工大学联合基金项目（NRE2021-11）

详细信息

作者简介:
牛子铭（1998—），男，硕士研究生，主要从事放射性废物处理，nzm_usc@163.com

通讯作者:
李梁( 1985—)，男，正高级工程师，博士，主要从事生物质材料对铀矿冶污染的控制与修复研究，liliang@bricem.com.cn

中图分类号: X591
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-02-21
- 网络出版日期: 2023-11-24

Adsorption efficiency and mechanism of uranium in seepage of uranium tailing pond using biochar prepared from oxytetracycline fermentation residues at high temperature

NIU Ziming^1
,,
CAO Xinran²,
PENG Guowen¹,
LI Liang^{2, 3
, ,},
DAI Lichun⁴

1.
School of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China
2.
Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, China National Nuclear Corporation
3.
State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology
4.
Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs

摘要

摘要:
以土霉素菌渣（oxytetracycline fermentation residue，OFR）为原料，在300~900 ℃（间隔100 ℃）条件下制备生物炭，研究高温（800~900 ℃）制备OFR生物炭对废水中铀的吸附效果与机理。结果表明：对于不同温度下制备的生物炭，随着温度的升高，OFR生物炭表面功能基团逐渐减少，Ca晶体形态由CaC₂O₄（300~400 ℃）转变为CaCO₃（500~700 ℃）、CaO（800~900 ℃），而这也导致了吸附效果的变化。当制备温度升至800~900 ℃时，OFR生物炭10 min吸附即可对南方某铀尾矿库渗排水中的铀达到98%以上去除率，且高温制备的OFR生物炭在较宽的pH范围（4.0~9.0）与铀初始浓度（0.8~3.0 mg/L）下，均能稳定达到大于98%的去除率，处理后上清液中铀浓度远低于铀矿冶辐射防护和辐射环境保护规定的排放标准。因此，高温制备OFR生物炭在铀尾矿库渗排水原位处理方面，展示了较好的应用前景。
- 土霉素菌渣 /
- 生物炭 /
- 温度 /
- 铀 /
- 尾矿库渗排水 /
- 吸附
Abstract:
Oxytetracycline fermentation residues (OFR) were used to prepare biochar under different temperatures (from 300 to 900 ℃ with an interval of 100 ℃) for uranium adsorption and removal in the wastewater, and the adsorption efficiency and mechanism were studied. The results showed that as the rise of temperature, the surface function groups of OFR biochar, prepared at different temperatures, were decreased gradually and the crystal morphology of Ca was transformed from CaC₂O₄ (300-400 ℃) to CaCO₃ (500-700 ℃) and CaO (800-900 ℃), which leaded to the changes of removal efficiency. When the temperature was raised to 800-900 ℃, the biochar adsorption achieved more than 98% removal efficiency of uranium in seepage of a tailing pond in the South of China in 10 min. Further studies found that more than 98% of uranium could be removed under the condition of wide range of pH (4.0-9.0) and initial uranium concentration (0.8-3.0 mg/L), and the supernatant after treated was much lower than the limit of discharge standard stipulated by radiation protection and radiation environment protection in uranium mining and metallurgy. Therefore, OFR biochar prepared at high temperature showed a good application prospect in in-situ treatment of uranium tailings drainage.
- oxytetracycline fermentation residues (OFR) /
- biochar /
- preparing temperature /
- uranium /
- seepage of tailing pond /
- adsorption

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图 1 不同温度条件下制备的OFR生物炭的表面形貌

Figure 1. Surface morphologies of OFR biochar prepared at different temperatures

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图 2 制备温度对OFR生物炭表面官能团的影响

Figure 2. Effect of preparation temperature on surface functional groups of OFR biochar

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图 3 制备温度对OFR生物炭晶体形态的影响

Figure 3. Effect of preparation temperature on crystal morphology of OFR biochar

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图 4 制备温度对OFR生物炭吸附铀效果的影响

Figure 4. Effect of preparation temperature on uranium adsorption of OFR biochar

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图 5 OFR生物炭使用量对铀去除效果的影响

Figure 5. Effect of the amount used of OFR biochar on the removal of uranium

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图 6 吸附时间对OFR生物炭去除铀效果的影响

Figure 6. Effect of adsorption time on removal of uranium from OFR biochar

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图 7 铀初始浓度与pH对OFR生物炭去除铀效果的影响

Figure 7. Effect of initial concentration of uranium and pH on removal of uranium from OFR biochar

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图 8 OFR生物炭吸附铀后的模拟释放过程

Figure 8. Simulated release process of OFR biochar after uranium adsorption

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表 1 OFR与不同温度下制备的生物炭的元素含量和得率

Table 1. Element contents and yields of OFR biochar prepared at different temperatures %　

制备温度/℃	C	N	H	S	灰分	Ca	O	生物炭得率
OFR^1）	39.92	6.03	4.07	0.217	13.67	0.88	36.09
300	48.32	8.05	4.00	0.51	16.83	1.34	20.95	53.78
400	49.90	6.48	3.20	0.24	21.84	1.60	16.74	50.44
500	52.84	6.49	2.86	0.23	27.15	2.13	8.30	43.73
600	51.99	4.85	1.84	0.306	29.47	1.78	9.77	44.17
700	53.57	3.39	1.29	0.36	31.67	2.38	7.35	42.49
800	56.16	2.64	1.12	0.47	34.97	2.53	2.12	39.04
900	56.94	1.63	0.76	0.41	34.76	3.34	2.17	39.13
1）为未碳化前的原始OFR。

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表 2 OFR与不同温度下制备的生物炭的微孔结构

Table 2. Microporous structure of OFR biochar prepared at different temperatures

制备温度/℃	比表面积 / (m²/g)	微孔面积/ (m²/g)	介孔面积/ (m²/g)	总孔体积/ (cm³/g)	平均微孔孔径/nm
OFR^1）	2.235 6	0.4176	1.8180	0.002 75	2.559 2
300	2.655 5	1.223 9	1.431 6	0.010 04	7.733 2
400	2.805 7	1.743 6	1.062 1	0.005 05	3.717 1
500	21.363 6	8.499 0	12.864 6	0.016 02	3.309 7
600	24.774 2	11.342 0	13.432 2	0.017 11	3.312 4
700	30.487 5	18.793 3	11.694 2	0.017 82	3.241 3
800	39.426 2	26.210 3	13.215 9	0.018 64	3.179 2
900	40.026 3	25.810 9	14.215 4	0.018 53	3.232 8
1）为未碳化前的原始OFR。

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表 3 原水理化指标检测结果

Table 3. Results of physical and chemical indexes in raw water

pH	NH₄ ⁺-N/ (mg/L)	COD/ (mg/L)	Cl⁻/ (mg/L)	NO₃ ⁻/ (g/L)	Cd/ (μg/L)	铀/ (μg/L)	Fe/ (μg/L)	Mg/ (mg/L)	Zn/ (mg/L)
5.8	21.6	6.53	359	6.04	38.5	820	107	122	1.29

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表 4 低温制备生物炭对铀吸附的最佳pH条件

Table 4. Optimal pH for uranium adsorption using biochar prepared at low temperature

生物炭类型	最佳pH	生物炭类型	最佳pH
麦秸秆热解炭^[8]	5.0~6.0	松针水热炭^[11]	6.0
木片热解炭^[8]	5.0~6.0	柳枝稷水热炭^[12]	4.0
牛粪(硝酸氧化)^[9]	4.5	麦秸秆热解炭^[16]	4.5
玉米秸秆烘焙炭^[9]	5.0	麦秸秆热解炭 (硝酸氧化)^[17]	4.5
玉米棒热空气改性炭^[10]	6.0	牛粪^[17]	4.5
活性污泥热空气改性炭^[10]	6.0

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