Advanced nitrogen removal efficiency of MSW leachate treated by SND with ASBR combined with SBBR process
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摘要:
为了提高垃圾渗滤液生化处理的TN去除率，采用厌氧序批式反应器（ASBR）串联序批式生物膜反应器（SBBR）处理化学需氧量（COD）为（5 700±500）mg/L、TN浓度为（210±50）mg/L的实际垃圾渗滤液。结果表明：ASBR的出水进入SBBR反应器进行深度脱氮，主要作用是调节后续SBBR进水的碳氮比（C/N），ASBR对渗滤液COD的去除率为90%。C/N是决定SBBR脱氮效率的关键，进水C/N调至4.8，在生物膜的作用下，SBBR仅通过厌氧搅拌和好氧阶段的同步硝化反硝化（SND）便可以实现对垃圾渗滤液的深度脱氮，出水TN浓度低于10 mg/L，周期运行时长也由第54天的24 h缩短至5.6 h。整个串联系统经过103 d的驯化和启动可以达到最佳的处理效果，出水COD、氨氮（NH4 +-N）、TN浓度分别为（380±10）、（1.0±0.5）、（5±5）mg/L，去除率分别达到93%、99%和95%。通过高通量测序分析可知，系统中变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）相对丰度较高，分别为55.11%、21.32%。系统中具有反硝化作用的厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）相对丰度占比为2.81%，这可能是SBBR取得优秀脱氮效果的关键。在属水平下，系统中具有反硝化功能的菌种主要为Thauera和Limnobacter，在系统中占比分别为15.22%和2.84%，它们的存在可能是系统SND效果好的主要原因之一。
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关键词:
- 垃圾渗滤液 /
- 序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR) /
- 碳氮比(C/N) /
- 深度脱氮 /
- 同步硝化反硝化(SND) /
- 微生物群落结构
Abstract:In order to improve TN removal rate of leachate, the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) combined with the improved sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) process was used to treat the actual municipal solid waste (MSW) leachate with chemical oxygen demand (COD) of (5 700±500) mg/L and TN concentration of (210±50) mg/L. The results showed that the effluent of ASBR entered SBBR reactor for deep denitrification, and the main function was to adjust C/N of subsequent SBBR influent, and the removal rate of COD in leachate was 90%. C/N was the key to determining the nitrogen removal efficiency of SBBR. After adjusting the influent C/N to 4.8, under the action of biofilm, the deep denitrification of MSW leachate could be achieved only by anaerobic stirring and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) in the aerobic stage. The effluent total nitrogen concentration was lower than 10 mg/L, and the cycle running time was shortened from 24 hours on the 54th day to 5.6 hours. The best treatment effect could be achieved after 103 days of domestication and start-up of the whole system. The concentrations of COD, NH4 +-N and TN in the effluent were (380±10), (1.0±0.5) and (5±5) mg/L, respectively, and the removal rates were more than 93%, 99% and 95%, respectively. Through high-throughput sequencing analysis, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroides in the system was high, with 55.11% and 21.32%, respectively. In the system, the abundance of Firmicutes with denitrification accounted for 2.81%, which may be the key to achieving an excellent denitrification effect in SBBR. At the genus level, the bacteria with denitrification function in the system were mainly Thauera and Limnobacter, accounting for 15.22% and 2.84%, respectively. Their existence may be one of the main reasons for the good effect of the system SND. The system achieved deep denitrification of leachate without adding any carbon source and had high nitrogen removal efficiency, which provided an effective way for MSW leachate to meet the discharge standard of total nitrogen.
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图 4 SBBR对渗滤液中不同形态氮的去除
Figure 4. Various forms of nitrogen removal performance in leachate by SBBR
图 5 SBBR运行过程中反硝化+SND和内源反硝化脱氮量的变化
Figure 5. Denitrification amount by Denitrification+SND and endogenous denitrification during SBBR operation
图 6 运行过程中TN浓度和TN去除率的变化
Figure 6. Changes of TN concentration and TN removal rate during operation
图 7 SBBR中门水平上的细菌物种相对丰度
Figure 7. Relative abundance of bacterial species at phylum level within SBBR
图 8 SBBR中属水平上相对丰度排名前10的细菌物种分类情况
注：不同颜色的圆圈表示不同的分类水平，圆圈的大小代表该分类的相对丰度。分类名旁的2个数字均表示相对丰度占比，前者表示该分类在样本所有物种中的占比，后者表示该分类在样本所选取的10种物种中的占比。
Figure 8. Classification of bacterial species with relative abundance ranking top 10 at genus level within SBBR
表 1 试验用垃圾渗滤液主要水质指标
Table 1. Characteristics of the leachate from MSW transfer station
mg/L COD BOD5 NH4 +-N浓度 TN浓度 NOx −-N浓度 5 200~6 200 2 560~2 800 190~210 200~220 0.5~2.0 
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表 2 ASBR-SBBR串联系统对渗滤液COD、NH4 +-N和TN的处理效果
Table 2. Treatment effect of ASBR+SBBR system on COD, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen of MSW leachate
项目 COD NH4 +-N TN 数值/
（mg/L）去除率/% 浓度/
（mg/L）去除率/% 浓度/
（mg/L）去除率/% 进水 5 700 210 220 出水 <380 >93 <1 >99 <10 >95
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表 3 SBBR中活性污泥丰富度和多样性指数
Table 3. Richness and diversity indexes of activated sludge of SBBR
样品
名称观测到的
物种数多样性指数 Shannon Simpson Chao1 ACE 覆盖率 SBBR 1 088 5.603 0.965 1 041.420 1 076.212 0.996
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