Environmental risk assessment of humic acid modified dealkalized red mud
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摘要:
处理过酸性矿涌水的赤泥如果未经处理大量堆存会对环境造成严重的危害，对其进行土壤化改良是实现其大宗消纳的一种可行性方法。腐殖酸呈酸性，是自然界中广泛存在的大分子有机物质，其对土壤的修复和改良作用十分明显。为研究腐殖酸改良脱碱赤泥的环境风险，通过腐殖酸联合脱碱赤泥试验，对脱碱赤泥及其浸出液的理化性质进行了分析，并对添加腐殖酸后脱碱赤泥的浸出风险进行了评估。结果表明：添加质量百分比（腐殖酸:赤泥）为10%的腐殖酸改良脱碱赤泥效果最好。此时，脱碱赤泥pH由9.1降至7.8左右；脱碱赤泥在pH较高时电动电位（Zeta电位）绝对值由20增大到28；腐殖酸中的富里酸类物质会逐渐转变成更加稳定的胡敏酸类物质；脱碱赤泥浸出液金属离子浓度降低，对赤泥金属离子固定有一定积极作用。综上，腐殖酸改良脱碱赤泥可以降低脱碱赤泥的环境风险。
Abstract:Untreated accumulation of red mud that has been treated with acid mine drainage can cause serious harm to the environment. Soil improvement is a feasible method to consume it on a large scale. Humic acid is acidic and is a large molecular organic substance widely present in nature, and its effect on soil restoration and improvement is significant. To study the environmental risk of humic acid modified dealkalized red mud, humic acid combined with dealkalized red mud experiment was carried out. The physicochemical properties of the dealkalized red mud and its leachate were analyzed, and the leaching risk of dealkalized red mud after adding humic acid was evaluated. The results showed that the best effect of improving dealkalized red mud by humic acid with a mass percentage (humic acid/red mud) of 10% was achieved. Adding 10% mass percentage of humic acid could reduce pH of dealkalized red mud from 9.1 to around 7.8. It could increase the absolute value of the electric potential (Zeta potential) of dealkalized red mud from 20 to 28 at higher pH. The fulvic acid substances in humic acid would gradually transform into more stable humic acid substances. Humic acid could reduce the concentration of metal ions in the leachate of dealkalized red mud and had a positive effect on fixing metal ions in red mud. In summary, humic acid could improve dealkalized red mud and reduce its environmental risk.
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Key words:
- dealkalized red mud /
- humic acid /
- soilization /
- risk assessment /
- three-dimensional fluorescence
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图 2 腐殖酸对脱碱赤泥pH的影响
Figure 2. Effect of humic acid addition on pH of dealkalized red mud
图 3 腐殖酸对脱碱赤泥电导率的影响
Figure 3. Effect of humic acid addition on conductivity of dealkalized red mud
图 4 腐殖酸加入脱碱赤泥后三维荧光光谱随时间的变化
Figure 4. Changes of three-dimensional fluorescence spectra with time after adding humic acid to dealkalized red mud
图 5 不同pH条件下L10-10d、L10-20d、L10-30d的Zeta电位变化情况
Figure 5. Zeta potential changes of L10-10d, L10-20d, L10-30d for samples under different pH conditions
图 6 不同pH条件下原始赤泥、脱碱赤泥、L10-30d的Zeta电位变化情况
Figure 6. Zeta potential changes of raw red mud, dealkalized red mud, L10-30d under different pH conditions
图 7 不同条件下脱碱赤泥重金属浸出情况
Figure 7. Leaching of heavy metals from dealkalized red mud under different conditions
表 1 试验试剂规格、厂家及CAS编号
Table 1. Specification, manufacturer and CAS number of experimental reagent
试剂名称 纯度规格 生产厂家 CAS编号 浓硫酸 分析纯 北京化工厂有限公司 7664-93-9 七水硫酸亚铁 分析纯 上海国药化学试剂有限公司 7782-63-0 硫酸锰 分析纯 上海麦克林生化科技有限公司 7785-87-7 硝酸 分析纯 北京化工厂有限公司 7697-37-2 盐酸 分析纯 北京化工厂有限公司 7647-01-0 腐殖酸 分析纯 天津市津科精细化工研究所 1415-93-6 氯化钠 分析纯 天津百世化工有限公司 2647-14-5 
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表 2 荧光区域积分法区域范围及有机物类型
Table 2. Region range and organic type of fluorescence region integral method
区域名称 区域范围（Ex/Em）/nm 有机物类型 Ⅰ 220~250/260~320 芳香蛋白类物质Ⅰ Ⅱ 220~250/320~380 芳香蛋白类物质Ⅱ Ⅲ 220~300/>380 富里酸类物质 Ⅳ 250~450/280~380 溶解性微生物代谢产物 Ⅴ 300~450/>380 腐殖质类物质
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表 3 重金属浸出浓度限值
Table 3. Metal leaching concentration limits
mg/L 重金属 浸出浓度限值 GB 5085.3—2007 GB 3838—2002 As 5.0 0.1 Cr 15.0 0.1 Cu 100.0 1.0 Pb 5.0 1.0 Se 1.0 0.02 Zn 100.0 2.0 Cd 1.0 0.01 Hg 0.1 0.001 Ba 100.0 — Ni 5.0 — Ag 5.0 — 注：—表示该标准中并无此类项目。
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