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浙江省某尾矿库周边农田土壤重金属污染特征及来源解析

吕玉娟 王秋月 孙雪梅 张志伟 张毅敏 高月香

吕玉娟,王秋月,孙雪梅,等.浙江省某尾矿库周边农田土壤重金属污染特征及来源解析[J].环境工程技术学报,2023,13(4):1464-1475 doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20221193
引用本文: 吕玉娟,王秋月,孙雪梅,等.浙江省某尾矿库周边农田土壤重金属污染特征及来源解析[J].环境工程技术学报,2023,13(4):1464-1475 doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20221193
LÜ Y J,WANG Q Y,SUN X M,et al.Pollution characteristics and source identification of heavy metals in farmland soils around a tailing pond in Zhejiang Province[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2023,13(4):1464-1475 doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20221193
Citation: LÜ Y J,WANG Q Y,SUN X M,et al.Pollution characteristics and source identification of heavy metals in farmland soils around a tailing pond in Zhejiang Province[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2023,13(4):1464-1475 doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20221193

浙江省某尾矿库周边农田土壤重金属污染特征及来源解析

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20221193
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(72174127,42107098);中央高校建设世界一流大学(学科)和特色发展引导专项(B22017010204)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    吕玉娟(1987—),女,助理研究员,博士,主要从事土壤污染与氮循环研究,lv_yujuan@163.com

    通讯作者:

    高月香(1981—),女,副研究员,硕士,主要从事湖泊生态修复及黑臭河道治理技术研究,gyx@nies.org

  • 中图分类号: X53

Pollution characteristics and source identification of heavy metals in farmland soils around a tailing pond in Zhejiang Province

  • 摘要:

    尾矿库周边生态环境安全受到高度关注,土壤重金属污染是农田治理和保护的风险源之一。以地处浙东丘陵山地的浙江省某铜矿尾矿库周边农田为研究对象,测定了农田土壤中8种重金属元素Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr、Ni的浓度,运用地累积指数法、污染指数法、潜在生态风险指数法和生态风险预警指数法对农田土壤重金属污染程度以及生态风险进行评价,结合正定矩阵受体模型(PMF),定量解析农田土壤重金属的来源。结果表明:1)研究区农田土壤中Cd、Hg、Cu、Zn浓度分别是土壤元素背景值的5.36、2.06、8.19、5.36倍,具有高度变异性;污染指数评价结果表明,Cu、Zn、Cd重度污染占比均达到10.5%,中度污染占比为5.26%,靠近尾矿库(<300 m)的15.8%的点位处于重度污染等级;地累积指数评价结果表明,Cd、Cu、Zn和Hg可能具有累积风险。2)潜在生态风险评价结果表明,Cd为很强生态风险,Hg为较强生态风险,Cu为中等生态风险,其余重金属均为轻微风险;综合潜在生态风险指数(RI)为308.91,综合潜在风险为较强风险。生态风险预警评估结果表明,Cu为重警,Cd和Zn为中警,Hg为轻警,As为预警,Pb、Cr和Ni为无警;综合生态风险预警指数(IER)为16.06,综合生态风险预警为重警。RI和IER空间分布基本一致,主要受Cd、Cu、Zn和Hg的影响。3)PMF解析出3个源,Cd、Zn、Cu主要受铜矿尾矿库尾砂和坝下渗水的混合源影响,贡献率分别为94.4%、94.3%和67.1%;Hg可能是以肥料、农药施用等农业活动源为主,贡献率为61.5%;Cr、Ni、Pb和As主要受成土母质和交通运输活动混合源的影响,贡献率分别为89.7%、82.7%、75.0%和68.3%。

     

  • 图  1  尾矿库及研究区域位置

    Figure  1.  Location map of tailings pond area and the study area

    图  2  尾矿库周边农田土壤样品采集点位分布

    Figure  2.  Distribution of soil sample collection points in cultivated land around a tailing pond

    图  3  农田土壤重金属浓度空间分布

    Figure  3.  Spatial distribution map of six heavy metals content in farmland soil

    图  4  农田土壤重金属Igeo箱形图

    Figure  4.  Box diagram of Igeo of heavy metal content in farmland soil

    图  5  农田土壤重金属潜在生态风险空间分布

    Figure  5.  Spatial distribution of heavy metal RI in the farmland soil

    图  6  农田土壤重金属风险预警指数空间分布

    Figure  6.  Spatial distribution of heavy metal IER in the farmland soil

    图  7  研究区农田土壤重金属含量相关性热点图

    注:**表示在0.01水平上极显著相关,*表示在0.05水平上显著相关。

    Figure  7.  Hot spot map of correlation of heavy metal contents in farmland soil in the study area

    图  8  各污染源因子对重金属贡献率

    Figure  8.  Contribution rates of different sources to heavy mental

    表  1  土壤重金属污染评价等级标准

    Table  1.   Assessment classification criteria of heavy metal pollution in soil

    地累积指数(Igeo单因子污染指数(Pi内梅罗综合指数(Pn
    数值污染程度数值污染程度数值污染程度
    ≤0无污染≤1.0无污染≤0.7无污染
    0~1轻度污染1.0~2.0轻微污染0.7~1.0尚清洁污染
    1~2中度污染2.0~3.0轻度污染1.0~2.0轻度污染
    2~3偏重污染3.0~5.0中度污染2.0~3.0中度污染
    3~4重度污染>5.0重度污染>3.0重度污染
    >4严重污染
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  土壤重金属环境风险等级标准

    Table  2.   Environmental risk level standard for heavy metals in soil

    单项生态风险
    指数($ {{E}}_{\text{r}}^{i} $)
    综合潜在生态风险
    指数(RI)
    生态风险预警
    指数(IER)
    数值风险等级数值风险等级数值预警指数等级
    ≤40轻微风险≤110轻微风险≤0无警
    40~80中等风险110~220中等风险0~1预警
    80~160较强风险220~440较强风险1~3轻警
    160~320很强风险>440极强风险3~5中警
    >320极强风险>5重警
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  农田土壤重金属浓度统计结果

    Table  3.   Heavy metal content in farmland soil

    指标最大值/
    (mg/kg)
    最小值/
    (mg/kg)
    均值/
    (mg/kg)
    标准差/
    (mg/kg)
    检出限/
    (mg/kg)
    背景值1)/
    (mg/kg)
    筛选值/
    (mg/kg)
    偏度峰度变异系数/%超标率/%
    Cd4.840.070.751.310.070.140.62.364.6717525.0
    Hg1.780.070.310.380.0020.153.43.4413.11230
    As10.61.715.862.140.015.40250.19−0.14370
    Pb3715255.632.031.61700.750.55230
    Zn2 825374198092.078.23002.334.3119339.7
    Cu1 53619.41723651.221.01003.1410.421272.7
    Cr3523293.363.047.62500.01−0.86120
    Ni189121.991.521.51901.082.74170
      1)为绍兴市土壤元素背景值[18]。注:采集样品数量为19个。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  农田土壤重金属污染指数

    Table  4.   Heavy metal pollution index in farmland soil

    统计值单因子污染指数${\text{(}{P} }_{{i} })$内梅罗综合指数
    ($ {{P}}_{\text{n}}) $
    CdHgAsPbZnCuCrNi
    最小值0.120.020.070.090.120.190.090.050.22
    最大值8.070.520.420.229.4215.360.140.0911.2
    平均值1.250.090.230.151.401.730.110.061.43
    标准差2.190.110.090.032.703.650.010.012.82
    变异系数/%17512239.020.01932119.0017.0197
    无污染率/%84.210010010084.284.210010084.2
    中度污染率/%5.260005.265.26000
    重度污染率/%10.500010.510.50015.8
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2022-11-29
  • 录用日期:  2023-06-14
  • 修回日期:  2023-04-10
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-09-20

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