煤矸石堆场地下水污染特征及成因研究

赵子千; 沙浩群; 黄赳; 何小松; 潘琦; 柳榭阳

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20221129

煤矸石堆场地下水污染特征及成因研究

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20221129

1.
国家环境保护地下水污染模拟与控制重点实验室, 中国环境科学研究院
2.
中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1806503)

详细信息

作者简介:
赵子千（1998—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为地下水污染修复，2316335361@qq.com

通讯作者:
何小松（1982—），男，研究员，博士，主要从事固体废物处理处置与地下水污染控制研究，hxss82@126.com

中图分类号: X523
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-11
- 录用日期: 2023-05-21
- 修回日期: 2023-04-11
- 网络出版日期: 2023-09-20

Study on the characteristics and causes of groundwater pollution in coal gangue dumps

1.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
2.
School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology

摘要

摘要:
选择山西太原典型矿矸石堆场，采集自燃程度不同的煤矸石及其周边受污染地下水，测定其中重金属、无机盐和有机物组成与浓度，并基于统计学分析探究地下水污染来源。结果显示：矸石浸提液和堆场下山腰自流出的地下水，重金属Cd、Pb、As、Zn未污染，但Cr和Ni达到轻度污染；浸提液SO₄ ²⁻、Fe、Mn浓度较高，SO₄ ²⁻浓度高达5 982 mg/L，Fe浓度超过GB/T 14848—93《地下水质量标准》Ⅳ类标准限值1 081倍、Mn超标19倍。污染源解析显示，矸石堆场自流出的地下水Na⁺、K⁺、Cl⁻、NO₃ ⁻主要来自土壤和含水层介质，但SO₄ ²⁻、Fe、Mn、Cd、Zn、As、Cr、Ni主要来源于矸石浸出；不同的煤矸石污染浸出能力表现为正在自燃的矸石>自燃完全的矸石>新鲜矸石。矸石的自燃过程会强化污染物的释放，在矸石渗滤液迁移过程中，重金属污染快速衰减，但SO₄ ²⁻、Ni、Mn仍具有一定的风险，超过GB/T 14848—93Ⅳ类标准。
- 矸石山 /
- 渗滤液 /
- 地下水 /
- 重金属 /
- 硫酸盐
Abstract:
The stock of coal gangue in China is large, and it still increases rapidly, posing a high risk on the environment. However, the effect of the self-ignition degree of coal gangue on the release of leachates pollutant is unclear, and the information on the natural attenuation of these leachate pollutants is limited. The coal gangue with different self-ignition degrees and the contaminated groundwater were collected from a typical coal gangue dump site in Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province. The composition and concentration of heavy metals, inorganic salts and organic compounds in coal gangue and groundwater were investigated, and the sources of groundwater pollution were explored based on statistical analysis. The results showed that the gangue extracts and groundwater flowing from the mountainside below the gangue dump were not contaminated by Cd, Pb, As, and Zn, though they had been lightly polluted by Cr and Ni. The concentrations of SO₄ ²⁻, Fe, and Mn were high in the extracts, with SO₄ ²⁻ concentration of 5 982 mg/L and Fe and Mn concentrations of 1 081 and 19 times higher than the groundwater Ⅳ quality standard specified in Quality Standard for Ground (GB/T 14848-93), respectively. According to the pollution source analysis, it could be obtained that Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻ and NO₃ ⁻ in groundwater near the gangue dump sites mainly originated from soil and aquifer medium, while SO₄ ²⁻, Fe, Mn, Cd, Zn, As, Cr, and Ni were mainly released from gangue leaching. The pollution release of the coal gangue with different self-ignition degrees was as follows: burning gangue > burned gangue > fresh gangue. The self-ignition of coal gangue contributed to the release of pollution. Natural attenuation of heavy metal significantly occurred during the migration process of gangue leachates. However, the concentration of SO₄ ²⁻, Ni, and Mn still had certain risks, exceeding Class Ⅳ groundwater standard specified in GB/T 14848-93.
- coal gangue /
- leachate /
- groundwater /
- heavy metal /
- sulphate sulfate

HTML全文

图 1 污染点位布设示意

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of location layout of pollution points

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图 2 矸石浸提液与地下水中碱与碱土金属浓度分布

Figure 2. Distribution of alkali and alkaline earth metals in gangue extract and groundwater

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图 3 矸石浸提液与地下水中无机阴离子分布

Figure 3. Distribution of inorganic anions in gangue extract and groundwater

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图 4 矸石浸提液与地下水中重金属元素分布

注：黑色虚线为GB/T 14848—93 Ⅳ类标准。全文同。

Figure 4. Distribution of heavy metal elements in gangue extract and groundwater

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图 5 矸石浸提液与地下水中特征污染物分布

Figure 5. Distribution of characteristic pollutants in gangue extract and groundwater

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图 6 矸石浸提液与地下水中有机物组成特征

Figure 6. Composition characteristics of organic matter in gangue extract and groundwater

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图 7 矸石浸提液与地下水中有机物的三维荧光光谱

Figure 7. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of organic matter in gangue extract and groundwater

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图 8 不同污染物的相关性分析

注：*、**分别表示在0.1、0.05水平相关性显著。

Figure 8. Correlation analysis of different pollutants

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图 9 矸石浸提液与地下水样品的主成分分析

Figure 9. Principal component analysis of gangue extract and groundwater samples

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表 1 矸石浸提液与地下水中污染物不同组分载荷

Table 1. Different component loads of pollutants in gangue extract and groundwater

指标	主成分1	主成分2	主成分3	主成分4
Na⁺	−0.302	0.928	−0.051	−0.036
K⁺	−0.136	0.913	0.048	−0.177
Ca²⁺	0.391	0.546	0.669	−0.190
Mg²⁺	0.230	0.597	0.596	−0.422
SO₄ ²⁻	0.907	0.217	0.351	−0.047
Cl⁻	−0.411	0.511	−0.290	−0.505
NO³⁻	−0.430	−0.051	−0.113	−0.643
HCO₃ ⁻	0.392	0.480	0.225	0.548
Mn	0.865	0.315	0.345	0.147
Fe	0.972	−0.047	0.057	0.041
Zn	0.943	−0.131	0.214	0.060
pH	−0.431	0.386	−0.743	−0.301
Cr	0.974	−0.104	0.190	−0.013
Ni	0.888	−0.194	0.399	−0.036
As	0.985	−0.124	0.112	0.020
Cd	0.862	−0.213	0.451	−0.038
Pb	−0.167	−0.331	0.104	0.848
COD	0.684	0.634	0.226	0.183
FI	−0.213	−0.062	−0.142	0.939
HIX	−0.381	−0.129	−0.875	−0.180

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