Spray pyrolysis technology and its application in environmental pollution control
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摘要:
喷雾热解作为一种一步完成、连续、拓展性强、可大规模制备环境功能纳米材料的新型热解技术受到研究者的广泛关注。详细介绍了喷雾热解技术的工作原理、产物特性、环境应用以及工业化推广面临的挑战，并可视化分析了喷雾热解技术在环境污染控制领域的研究热点。结果表明：喷雾热解是通过高温下分解前驱体溶液制备纳米颗粒的技术，其设备主要由雾化器、加热设备和收集装置组成。喷雾热解的产物特性受到前驱体溶液和热解过程参数的影响，通过调控前驱体的溶液组分和热解过程参数，可以得到尺寸和形貌可控的特定环境功能纳米材料。喷雾热解技术制备的环境功能纳米材料（如粉末或薄膜）的应用研究表明，由于其特殊的物化结构，可实现大气和水体中污染物的高效去除。同时，基于研究热点分析了喷雾热解技术的热解方式、产物特性、应用领域和去除污染物的主要机理。但目前喷雾热解技术从实验室规模拓展到工业化应用还面临着诸多挑战，如何克服这些挑战也是喷雾热解技术走向工业化应用的重要内容。研究可为喷雾热解技术在环境污染控制领域的应用提供理论和技术支撑。
Abstract:Spray pyrolysis, as a new pyrolysis technology for one-step, continuous, highly expandable, and large-scale preparation of environmental functional nanomaterials, has received the attention of researchers. The working principles, product characteristics, environmental applications and industrial challenges of spray pyrolysis technology were introduced in detail, and the hot spots of spray pyrolysis technology in the field of environmental pollution control were visually analyzed. The results show that spray pyrolysis is a technology for producing nanoparticles by decomposing precursor solutions at high temperature and its equipment mainly consists of atomizer, heating equipment and collection device. The product property of spray pyrolysis is influenced by precursor solution and pyrolysis parameters. By controlling precursor solution composition and pyrolysis process parameters, nanomaterials with desirable size and morphology can be obtained. Owing to the specific physicochemical properties, these environmental functional nanomaterials (e.g., powders or thin films) prepared by spray pyrolysis technology are highly effective for the removal of pollutants from both atmosphere and wastewater. Simultaneous, based on the research focus, the pyrolysis method, product characteristics, application fields and the main mechanism of pollutant removal of spray pyrolysis technology were analyzed. However, there are still many challenges in expanding the spray pyrolysis technology from laboratory scale to industrial application. The research can provide theoretical and technical support for the application of spray pyrolysis technology in the field of environmental pollution control.
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图 1 不同加热方式的喷雾热解加热设备示意
Figure 1. Illustrations of spray pyrolysis heating equipment with different heating methods
图 2 喷雾热解技术在环境领域应用的关键词共现图谱
Figure 2. Keywords co-occurrence mapping of spray pyrolysis technology applications in the environmental field
表 1 喷雾热解技术合成环境纳米材料的应用案例
Table 1. Application cases of spray pyrolysis technology to synthesize environmental nanomaterials
环境污染控制领域 环境纳米材料 形貌 喷雾热解技术 目标污染物 去除原理 大气 PbWO4[19] 实心球或空心球粉末 管式炉 NO 光催化 N掺杂的MOx-ZnO（M为W、V）[20] 中空球形粉末 管式炉 乙醛 光催化 N掺杂的TiO2[21] 多孔球形粉末 管式炉 乙醛 光催化 TiO2[22] 多孔球形粉末 管式炉 NOx 光催化 水处理 黑色TiO2-x[23] 微球粉末 管式炉 亚甲基蓝 光催化 Fe2O3-Al2O3[24] 空心球状粉末 管式炉 多环芳烃 吸附 ZnO或ZnO:Al[25] 薄膜 热解沉积 甲基橙 光催化 ZnO或ZnO:Al[26] 薄膜 热解沉积 硬脂酸 光催化 ZnO[27] 薄膜 热解沉积 甲基橙 光催化 La2O3:Fe[28] 薄膜 热解沉积 亚甲基蓝 光催化 CeO2-金红石TiO2[29] 薄膜 热解沉积 甲基橙 光催化 Au负载ZnO[30] 粉末 管式炉 罗丹明B 光催化 CuxO[31] 薄膜 热解沉积 亚甲基蓝 光催化 ZnO/Al2O3[32] 薄膜 热解沉积 亚甲基蓝 光催化 Cu2SnS3[33] 薄膜 热解沉积 亚甲基蓝 光催化 In2S3:Ag[34] 薄膜 热解沉积 亚甲基蓝 光催化 La2O3/LaFeO3[35] 薄膜 热解沉积 亚甲基蓝 光催化 TiO2[36] 微球 管式炉 对乙酰氨基酚 光催化 CuAl2O4[37] 薄膜 管式炉 亚甲基蓝 光催化 TiO2[38] 粉末 火焰喷雾热解 亚甲基蓝 光催化 ZnO[39] 薄膜 热解沉积 甲基橙 光催化 TiO2[40] 薄膜 热解沉积 甲基叔丁基醚、丙酮、乙醛、庚烷 光催化 BiVO4[41] 薄膜 热解沉积 罗丹明B、甲基橙 光催化 ZnO-SiO2[42] 类球形粉末 管式炉 亚甲基蓝 光催化 Cu2FeSnS4[43] 薄膜 热解沉积 亚甲基蓝 光催化 Tb掺杂的SnO2[44] 薄膜 热解沉积 亚甲基蓝 光催化 ZnO[45] 薄膜 热解沉积 亚甲基蓝 光催化 Cu掺杂的ZnO[46] 薄膜 热解沉积 亚甲基蓝 光催化 
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