Pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of lakes along the east route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project
-
摘要:
以南水北调东线工程的南四湖、骆马湖、洪泽湖、高邮湖为研究对象，通过优劣解距离多指标综合评价模型（TOPSIS法）和潜在生态风险指数法分析4个湖泊表层沉积物中7种重金属（Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn、Pb、Cd、As）空间分布特征及生态风险，并与我国五大湖区其他湖泊进行对比分析。结果显示：4个湖泊表层沉积物重金属浓度均低于同在东部平原湖区的太湖、巢湖、洞庭湖、鄱阳湖等湖泊，但高于蒙新、青藏、东北山地与平原湖区的湖泊，不同区域湖泊沉积物重金属分布具有明显的差异，除了地质构造特征外，工农业生产等人类活动也是导致湖泊沉积物重金属存在差异的主要因素；TOPSIS法评价结果显示，4个湖泊表层沉积物重金属综合风险存在一定空间差异，可能受沿线陆域土地利用类型变化、工农业生产等人类活动等因素的影响，重金属污染程度排序为南四湖>高邮湖>洪泽湖>骆马湖；4个湖泊表层沉积物重金属综合潜在生态风险水平为低，但Cd单项重金属存在中度至较高潜在生态风险。建议加强南水北调东线工程沿线湖泊周边工农业生产排放的监管，进一步调整和优化各湖泊沿线的产业结构，同时加强重金属特别是Cd等入湖的管控，以确保南水北调东线工程沿线湖泊的水环境安全。
Abstract:Nansi Lake, Luoma Lake, Hongze Lake and Gaoyou Lake along the east route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project were taken as the research objects, the spatial distribution characteristics and ecological risks of seven heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cd, As) in the surface sediments of the four lakes were analyzed by the multi-index comprehensive evaluation model (TOPSIS method) and the potential ecological risk index method, and were compared and analyzed with other lakes in the five geographic regions of China. The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals in the surface sediments of the four lakes was lower than that of Taihu Lake, Chaohu Lake, Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake in the Eastern Plain Lake Area, but higher than that of the lakes in Mengxin, Qinghai-Tibet, Northeast Mountain and Plain Lake areas, and the distribution of heavy metals in lake sediments in different regions had obvious differences. In addition to geological structural characteristics, human activities such as industrial and agricultural production were the main factors that led to differences in heavy metals in lake sediments. The comprehensive potential ecological risk level of heavy metals in the surface sediments of the four lakes was low, but the individual heavy metal of Cd had moderate to high potential ecological risks. It was recommended to strengthen the supervision of industrial and agricultural production discharge around the lakes along the east route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, further adjust and optimize the industrial structure along each lake, and strictly control the input of heavy metal pollution, especially the control of heavy metal Cd and other human activities, to ensure the water environment safety of the lakes along the east route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project.
-
图 2 4个湖泊表层沉积物重金属浓度及差异性分析
注：*表示P<0.05；**表示P<0.01；***表示P<0.001。
Figure 2. Analysis of heavy metal concentration and differential analysis of surface sediments of the four lakes
图 3 4个湖泊表层沉积物重金属综合风险指数空间分布
Figure 3. Spatial distribution of composite evaluation index of heavy metals in surface sediments of the four lakes
图 4 4个湖泊表层沉积物重金属潜在生态风险评价结果
Figure 4. Evaluation results of potential ecological risk of heavy metals in surface sediments of the four lakes
表 1 山东省、江苏省土壤环境重金属元素背景值[24]
Table 1. Background values of heavy metal elements in soil environment of Shandong and Jiangsu Province
mg/kg 省份 Cr Ni Cu Zn As Cd Pb 山东省 60 31.6 33.9 90 7.5 0.077 15 江苏省 75.6 32.8 23.4 64.8 9.4 0.085 22 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 Er j、RI评价等级划分
Table 2. Evaluation grade division of Erj and RI
Erj 单项重金属潜在生态
风险评价等级RI 综合潜在生态
风险评价等级<40 低 <150 低 40~80 中等 150~300 中等 80~160 较高 300~600 较高 160~320 高 ≥600 高 ≥320 极高
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 4个湖泊与我国五大湖区典型湖泊表层沉积物重金属浓度对比
Table 3. Comparison of heavy metal concentrations in surface sediments of the four lakes and typical lakes in the five geographic regions of China
mg/kg 湖区 湖泊 年份 Cr浓度 Cu浓度 Ni浓度 Zn浓度 Pb浓度 Cd浓度 As浓度 东部平原湖区 南四湖 2021 87.18 30.15 36.74 81.47 15.32 0.25 17.46 骆马湖 2021 69.30 26.85 35.71 73.09 22.12 0.15 10.82 洪泽湖 2021 67.49 27.30 35.91 84.32 23.13 0.17 14.42 高邮湖 2021 63.01 27.03 31.92 85.21 25.06 0.22 16.07 太湖[28] 2021 82.30 32.80 43.91 109.73 35.10 0.55 巢湖[29] 2020 168.24 27.67 35.54 142.04 56.01 0.42 26.08 洞庭湖[30] 2021 93.47 37.98 34.47 147.19 36.05 0.56 21.23 鄱阳湖[31] 2019 70.20 39.80 119.43 43.06 0.79 19.60 东北平原与山地湖区 兴凯湖[26] 2015 75.95 19.65 25.35 60.35 21.63 0.14 11.47 五大连池[26] 2015 92.07 32.28 38.35 82.74 24.70 0.16 13.82 镜泊湖[26] 2015 90.78 32.45 47.40 126.25 28.98 0.26 17.45 蒙新高原湖区 乌梁素海[32] 2021 43.11 53.74 46.33 94.69 5.86 0.25 3.64 博斯腾湖[33] 2019 34.14 17.17 18.10 40.20 13.21 0.12 7.72 乌伦古湖[34] 2021 43.52 32.05 57.41 14.15 0.18 5.55 青藏高原湖区 青海湖[35] 2020 45.44 18.02 21.06 57.41 18.06 0.21 13.21 纳木错[36] 2015 38.40 18.70 23.00 57.60 22.10 0.17 羊卓雍错[26] 2015 55.73 30.27 33.30 67.83 21.47 0.11 27.83 云贵高原湖区 滇池[37] 2020 72.70 110.63 89.02 137.65 46.09 0.14 22.56 洱海[38] 2017 159.42 99.03 84.39 146.72 62.35 异龙湖[39] 2019 77.60 22.66 28.83 80.05 41.89 0.24 20.45
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 4个湖泊表层沉积物重金属浓度归一化指标
Table 4. Normalized index of heavy metal contents in surface sediments of the four lakes
湖泊 Cr Cu Ni Zn Pb Cd As 南四湖 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.691 0.000 1.000 1.000 骆马湖 0.260 0.000 0.528 0.000 0.698 0.000 0.000 洪泽湖 0.185 0.137 0.310 0.927 0.802 0.174 0.542 高邮湖 0.000 0.056 0.000 1.000 1.000 0.690 0.790
下载: 导出CSV
表 5 4个湖泊表层沉积物重金属污染程度综合评价对比
Table 5. Comprehensive evaluation and comparison of heavy metal pollution in surface sediments of the four lakes
湖泊 D− D+ Ci 南四湖 2.545 1.447 0.637 骆马湖 0.657 2.638 0.199 洪泽湖 1.611 1.934 0.454 高邮湖 1.863 2.046 0.476
下载: 导出CSV
表 6 4个湖泊与我国五大湖区湖泊表层沉积物重金属Er j、RI对比
Table 6. Comparison of Erj、RI of heavy metals in surface sediments of the four lakes and typical lakes in the five geographic regions of China
湖区 湖泊 Erj RI 生态风险
等级Cr Cu Ni Zn Pb Cd As 东部平原湖区 南四湖 2.91 4.45 7.09 0.91 5.11 96.36 20.61 137.42 低 骆马湖 1.81 5.74 5.90 1.13 5.03 54.27 11.51 85.41 低 洪泽湖 1.79 5.83 5.47 1.30 5.26 60.02 15.34 95.01 低 高邮湖 1.67 5.78 4.86 1.31 5.70 94.71 17.09 131.12 低 鄱阳湖[32] 2.45 13.80 5.56 3.10 9.19 181.59 393.98 较高 太湖[29] 2.28 7.52 7.36 1.86 8.16 134.23 161.41 中等 东北平原与山地湖区 五大连池[27] 1.62 4.21 0.87 3.10 21.95 8.91 40.66 低 蒙新高原湖区 博斯腾湖[34] 1.15 5.26 4.29 0.89 6.28 35.82 53.69 低 云贵高原湖区 滇池[38] 1.90 5.50 4.80 1.90 8.05 119.05 15.80 157.00 中等 青藏高原湖区 青海湖[36] 1.68 4.57 4.22 0.89 4.41 46.01 11.33 76.57 低 羊卓雍错[27] 2.05 5.08 5.22 1.01 5.58 31.79 12.05 62.78 低
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] GUO C B, CHEN Y S, XIA W T, et al. Eutrophication and heavy metal pollution patterns in the water suppling lakes of China's South-to-North Water Diversion Project[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2020,711:134543. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134543 [2] YU M, WANG C R, LIU Y, et al. Sustainability of mega water diversion projects: experience and lessons from China[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2018,619/620:721-731. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.006 [3] ZHAO Z H, GONG X H, DING Q Q, et al. Environmental implications from the priority pollutants screening in impoundment reservoir along the eastern route of China's South-to-North Water Diversion Project[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2021,794:148700. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148700 [4] UNGUREANU G, SANTOS S, BOAVENTURA R, et al. Arsenic and antimony in water and wastewater: overview of removal techniques with special reference to latest advances in adsorption[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2015,151:326-342. [5] 魏伟伟, 李春华, 叶春, 等.基于底泥重金属污染及生态风险评价的星云湖疏浚深度判定[J]. 环境工程技术学报,2020,10(3):385-391.WEI W W, LI C H, YE C, et al. Determination of dredging depth of Xingyun Lake based on heavy metal pollution and ecological risk assessment of sediment[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2020,10(3):385-391. [6] 张雅然, 付正辉, 王书航, 等.基于Web of Science和CNKI的湖泊沉积物文献计量分析[J]. 环境工程技术学报,2022,12(1):110-118.ZHANG Y R, FU Z H, WANG S H, et al. Bibliometric analysis of lake sediments based on Web of Science and CNKI[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2022,12(1):110-118. [7] 赵艳民, 秦延文, 曹伟, 等.洞庭湖表层沉积物重金属赋存形态及生态风险评价[J]. 环境科学研究,2020,33(3):572-580.ZHAO Y M, QIN Y W, CAO W, et al. Speciation and ecological risk of heavy metals in surface sediments of Dongting Lake[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2020,33(3):572-580. [8] 赵斌, 朱四喜, 杨秀琴, 等.草海湖沉积物中重金属污染现状及生态风险评价[J]. 环境科学研究,2019,32(2):235-245.ZHAO B, ZHU S X, YANG X Q, et al. Pollution status and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of Caohai Lake[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2019,32(2):235-245. [9] FAISAL M, WU Z N, WANG H L, et al. Assessment and source apportionment of water-soluble heavy metals in road dust of Zhengzhou, China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2022,29(45):68857-68869. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-20666-4 [10] 李文博, 林建宇, 周强, 等.骆马湖现代沉积物137Cs和210Pbex的测定分析与环境指示意义[J]. 环境监测管理与技术,2021,33(5):41-45.LI W B, LIN J Y, ZHOU Q, et al. Determination and environmental implications of 137Cs and 210Pbex in modern sediment from Luoma Lake[J]. The Administration and Technique of Environmental Monitoring,2021,33(5):41-45. [11] 陈乾坤, 刘涛, 胡志新, 等.江苏省西部湖泊表层沉积物中重金属分布特征及其潜在生态风险评价[J]. 农业环境科学学报,2013,32(5):1044-1050.CHEN Q K, LIU T, HU Z X, et al. Distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments from the lakes of west Jiangsu Province[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2013,32(5):1044-1050. [12] 李宝, 张智慧, 王志奇, 等.山东南四湖底泥典型重金属的形态分布、稳定度与风险评价[J]. 环境化学,2022,41(3):940-948.LI B, ZHANG Z H, WANG Z Q, et al. Fraction distribution, stability and risk assessment of typical heavy metals in sediment of Nansi Lake, Shandong Province, China[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2022,41(3):940-948. [13] 訾鑫源, 张鸣, 谷孝鸿,等.洪泽湖围栏养殖对表层沉积物重金属含量影响与生态风险评价[J]. 环境科学,2021,42(11):5355-5363.ZI X Y, ZHANG M, GU X H, et al. Impact of enclosure culture on heavy metal content in surface sediments of Hongze Lake and ecological risk assessment[J]. Environmental Science,2021,42(11):5355-5363. [14] DIVYA K R, ZHAO S S, CHEN Y S, et al. A comparison of zooplankton assemblages in Nansi Lake and Hongze Lake, potential influences of the East Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, China[J]. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2021,39(2):623-636. doi: 10.1007/s00343-020-9288-1 [15] LI S H, GUO W, YIN Y, et al. Environmental changes inferred from lacustrine sediments and historical literature: a record from Gaoyou Lake, Eastern China[J]. Quaternary International,2015,380/381:350-357. doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2015.01.010 [16] CAI Y, KE C Q, SHEN X Y. Variations in water level, area and volume of Hongze Lake, China from 2003 to 2018[J]. Journal of Great Lakes Research,2020,46(6):1511-1520. doi: 10.1016/j.jglr.2020.08.024 [17] WANG B Y, LIN J Y, WU X G, et al. Spatial distributions and risk assessments of nutrients and heavy metalsin sediments from an impounded lake of China's South-to-North Water Diversion Project[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2021,28(44):63305-63318. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-14949-5 [18] FEI J, PEI Q, ZHONG Y Q. Water level changes of Lake Nansi in East China during 1758-1902[J]. Regional Environmental Change,2021,21(1):17. doi: 10.1007/s10113-020-01741-3 [19] 姜霞, 王书航. 沉积物质量调查评估手册[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2012. [20] YANG T, ZHANG Q, WAN X H, et al. Comprehensive ecological risk assessment for semi-arid basin based on conceptual model of risk response and improved TOPSIS model:a case study of Wei River Basin, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2020,719:137502. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137502 [21] SINGH K R, DUTTA R, KALAMDHAD A S, et al. Risk characterization and surface water quality assessment of Manas River, Assam (India) with an emphasis on the TOPSIS method of multi-objective decision making[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2018,77(23):780. doi: 10.1007/s12665-018-7970-9 [22] 王伟, 樊祥科, 黄春贵, 等.江苏省五大湖泊水体重金属的监测与比较分析[J]. 湖泊科学,2016,28(3):494-501. doi: 10.18307/2016.0304WANG W, FAN X K, HUANG C G, et al. Monitoring and comparison analysis of heavy metals in the five great lakes in Jiangsu Province[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2016,28(3):494-501. doi: 10.18307/2016.0304 [23] HAKANSON L. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control: a sedimentological approach[J]. Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1001. doi: 10.1016/0043-1354(80)90143-8 [24] 中国环境监测总站. 中国土壤元素背景值[M]. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 1990. [25] 金相灿. 中国湖泊环境[M]. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 1995. [26] GUO W, HUO S L, XI B D, et al. Heavy metal contamination in sediments from typical lakes in the five geographic regions of China: distribution, bioavailability, and risk[J]. Ecological Engineering,2015,81:243-255. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.04.047 [27] ZHANG Z Y, ABUDUWAILI J, JIANG F Q. Heavy metal contamination, sources, and pollution assessment of surface water in the Tianshan Mountains of China[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2015,187(2):33. doi: 10.1007/s10661-014-4191-x [28] NIU Y, JIANG X, WANG K, et al. Meta analysis of heavy metal pollution and sources in surface sediments of Lake Taihu, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2020,700:134509. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134509 [29] 夏建东, 龙锦云, 高亚萍, 等.巢湖沉积物重金属污染生态风险评价及来源解析[J]. 地球与环境,2020,48(2):220-227.XIA J D, LONG J Y, GAO Y P, et al. Ecological risk assessment and source analysis of heavy metal pollutions in sediments of the Chaohu Lake[J]. Earth and Environment,2020,48(2):220-227. [30] 尹宇莹, 彭高卓, 谢意南, 等.洞庭湖表层沉积物中营养元素、重金属的污染特征与评价分析[J]. 环境化学,2021,40(8):2399-2409.YIN Y Y, PENG G Z, XIE Y N, et al. Characteristics and risk assessment of nutrients and heavy metals pollution in sediments of Dongting Lake[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2021,40(8):2399-2409. [31] LI Y H, KUANG H, HU C, et al. Source apportionment of heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils around the Poyang Lake region using UNMIX model[J]. Sustainability,2021,13:5272. doi: 10.3390/su13095272 [32] 杜彩丽, 黎佳茜, 李国文, 等.乌梁素海表层沉积物中营养盐和重金属分布特征以及风险评价[J]. 环境科学,2022,43(12):5598-5607.DU C L, LI J X, LI G W, et al. Distribution and risk assessment on the nutrients and heavy metals in surface sediments of Wuliangsuhai Lake[J]. Environmental Science,2022,43(12):5598-5607. [33] MA L, ABUDUWAILI J, LIU W. Spatial distribution and ecological risks of the potentially-toxic elements in the surface sediments of Lake Bosten, China[J]. Toxics,2020,8(3):77. doi: 10.3390/toxics8030077 [34] 谢继斌, 彭小武, 胡光胜, 等.新疆乌伦古湖表层沉积物重金属形态及污染水平[J]. 新疆环境保护,2021,43(4):23-29.XIE J B, PENG X W, HU G S, et al. Study on forms and pollution levels of heavy metals in surface sediments of Ulungu Lake[J]. Environmental Protection of Xinjiang,2021,43(4):23-29. [35] 张雅然. 青海湖流域沉积物重金属分布特征与生态风险评价[D]. 北京: 华北电力大学(北京), 2022. [36] 杨安, 邢文聪, 王小霞, 等.西藏中部河流、湖泊表层沉积物及其周边土壤重金属来源解析及风险评价[J]. 中国环境科学,2020,40(10):4557-4567.YANG A, XING W C, WANG X X, et al. Source and risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of rivers, lakes and their surrounding soils in central Tibet[J]. China Environmental Science,2020,40(10):4557-4567. [37] LIU X, ZHANG J Q, HUANG X L, et al. Heavy metal distribution and bioaccumulation combined with ecological and human health risk evaluation in a typical urban plateau lake, Southwest China[J]. Frontiers in Environmental Science,2022,10:814678. doi: 10.3389/fenvs.2022.814678 [38] LIU H J, LIU E F, YU Z Z, et al. Spatio-temporal accumulation patterns of trace metals in sediments of a large plateau lake (Erhai) in Southwest China and their relationship with human activities over the past century[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2022,234:106943. doi: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2022.106943 [39] 李小林, 刘恩峰, 于真真, 等.异龙湖沉积物重金属人为污染与潜在生态风险[J]. 环境科学,2019,40(2):1-14.LI X L, LIU E F, YU Z Z, et al. Contamination and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in the sediments of Yilong Lake, Southwest China[J]. Environmental Science,2019,40(2):1-14. [40] 姜会敏, 郑显鹏, 李文.中国主要湖泊重金属来源及生态风险评估[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境,2018,28(增刊 1):108-112.JIANG H M, ZHENG X P, LI W. Source and risk assessment of heavy metal in sediment of China[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment,2018,28(Suppl 1):108-112. ◇ -
下载:
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 154
- HTML全文浏览量: 141
- PDF下载量: 30
- 被引次数: 0
