Study on the composition and influencing factors of microbial community in ecological restoration rivers
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摘要:
为明确生态修复类型河流的微生物群落结构、功能及其影响因素，以许昌市清潩河为例，采用高通量测序的方法研究生态修复措施对河流水体和沉积物微生物群落结构的影响，并在此基础上分析碳氮硫功能菌群在生态修复措施中的净化作用及水体病原菌分布状况。结果表明：在人类干扰较少的河段，近自然河岸带对陆源污染起着较好的拦截效果，生态滤坝设施的截留和复氧能力有助于河流对化学需氧量（COD）的去除；城区段河流受人类活动影响水质变化较大，生态修复措施净化效果不明显；城郊段人类干扰较少，河流自净能力提升，总磷（TP）、氨氮（NH4 +-N）等指标逐渐恢复原有水平。清潩河沉积物中微生物多样性和丰富度均高于水体，且变形菌门（Proteobacteria）是沉积物和水体中的优势物种。部分河段参与氮循环的蓝藻菌门（Cyanobacteria）相对丰度达到4.7%，说明清潩河仍存在富营养化河段。清潩河水体中相对丰度最高的致病菌群为不动杆菌（Acinetobacter），而沉积物中相对丰度最高的致病菌群为梭状芽孢杆菌属（Clostridium）、黄杆菌属（Flavobacterium）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes），其中拟杆菌门在城区段相对丰度最高。Spearman相关性分析表明，水体中微生物多样性与温度、pH、COD有显著相关性（P<0.05），城郊段沉积物中微生物群落结构的主要影响因子为NH4 +-N、总氮（TN）和TP。生态修复河流城区段微生物丰度和多样性较高，致病风险大；城郊段碳氮硫功能菌群丰度高，是物质循环的主要场所。
Abstract:In order to clarify the microbial community structure, function and influencing factors of ecological restoration rivers, the Qingyi River in Xuchang City was taken as an example, and high-throughput sequencing methods were used to study the influence of ecological restoration measures on the microbial community structure of river water and sediment, and then the purification effect of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur functional bacteria in ecological restoration measures and the distribution of waterborne pathogenic bacteria were analyzed. The results showed that: In the river sections with less human interference, the near-natural riverbank had a good interception effect on land-source pollution, and the interception and oxygenation capacity of ecological filter dams could help the river to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD). The water quality of the urban river section was greatly affected by human activities, and the purification effect of ecological restoration measures was not obvious. In the suburban river section, human interference was less, the river's self-purification capacity was improved, and the total phosphorus (TP) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4 +-N) indicators gradually returned to the original level. The microbial diversity and richness of the Qingyi River sediment were higher than that of the overlying water, and Proteobacteria was the dominant species in sediment and water. The relative abundance of Cyanobacteria, which participated in the nitrogen cycle, reached 4.7%, indicating that the Qingyi River still had eutrophic river sections. The most abundant pathogenic bacteria in the Qingyi River water was Acinetobacter, while the most abundant pathogenic bacteria in sediment were Clostridium, Flavobacterium and Bacteroidetes, among which Bacteroidetes was the most abundant in the urban section. Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between microbial diversity in water and temperature (T), pH, COD (P<0.05). The main factors affecting the microbial community structure in the suburban sediment were NH4 +-N, total nitrogen (TN) and TP. The results showed that the abundance and diversity of microbes in the urban section of the ecologically restored river were high and the risk of pathogenicity was high; the abundance of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur functional bacteria in the suburban section was high, and it was the main place for material cycling.
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Key words:
- Qingyi River /
- microorganism /
- diversity /
- community structure /
- environmental factors
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图 2 清潩河沉积物理化指标
Figure 2. Physical and chemical properties of sediments in the Qingyi River
图 3 水体和沉积物属水平群落组成分析
Figure 3. Analysis of genus level community composition in water and sediment
图 4 水体和沉积物的 PCoA及细菌群落结构聚类分析
注：采样点编号后的W表示水样；S表示沉积物。
Figure 4. Cluster analysis of PCoA and bacterial community structure in water and sediment
图 5 清潩河微生物群落结构与环境因子相关性分析
注：*表示在0.05水平下相关性显著；**表示在0.01水平下相关性显著。
Figure 5. Correlation analysis of microbial community structure and environmental factors in the Qingyi River
图 7 清潩河水体和沉积物致病菌群丰度
Figure 7. Abundance of pathogenic bacterial communities in water bodies and sediments of the Qingyi River
表 1 清潩河流域水体理化指标
Table 1. Physical and chemical indexes of water bodies in Qingyi River basin
采样点 pH 水温/℃ DO浓度/
（mg/L）COD/
（mg/L）NH4 +-N浓度/
（mg/L）NO3 −-N浓度/
（mg/L）NO2 −-N浓度/
（mg/L）TN浓度/
（mg/L）TP浓度/
（mg/L）Q1（增福庙水库） 8.66 27.3 9.29 2.50 0.013 0.41 0.005 6.98 0.020 Q2（高铁桥生态滤坝） 8.25 27.8 9.99 5.76 0.013 0.22 0.004 6.87 0.010 Q3（段黄庄观景台） 8.67 29.2 10.10 2.50 0.013 0.10 0.004 7.68 0.020 Q4（八一路生态滤坝） 9.37 29.6 12.06 22.40 0.013 0.10 0.004 7.84 0.030 Q5（长社路赵庄桥） 9.54 29.4 13.17 17.76 0.087 0.10 0.004 7.73 0.040 Q6（建设路生态浮岛） 10.01 30.2 13.53 33.76 0.390 0.10 0.016 8.80 0.070 Q7（建设路生态滤坝） 10.04 30.6 12.22 41.44 0.337 0.34 0.013 9.13 0.070 Q8（人民路生态浮岛） 10.08 30.5 11.98 30.40 0.275 0.10 0.002 3.07 0.050 Q9（英刘闸上游） 10.43 31.6 13.21 36.48 0.348 0.54 0.002 3.07 0.005 Q10（葛天大道生态滤坝） 8.45 34.0 7.67 61.12 0.337 0.27 0.008 11.54 0.230 Q11（杜村寺闸前后） 9.14 31.1 12.38 30.88 0.045 4.26 0.005 9.45 0.040 Q12（关庄闸上游） 9.08 31.0 13.13 19.68 0.045 5.81 0.005 10.63 0.005 Q13（关庄闸下游30 m） 7.62 28.9 4.45 19.92 0.108 6.36 0.007 11.27 0.050 Q14（关庄闸下游200 m） 7.68 28.0 5.07 12.40 0.076 6.06 0.007 10.84 0.040 Q15（关庄闸生态滤坝） 7.64 28.0 5.47 9.84 0.013 5.76 0.007 10.79 0.040 Q16（禄马桥下游500 m） 7.96 28.8 8.01 9.28 0.013 5.99 0.006 10.47 0.005 Q17（县道007） 8.03 28.6 7.99 2.50 0.076 5.18 0.005 10.14 0.050 
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表 2 水体和沉积物样品在97%水平下的丰富度和多样性指数
Table 2. Richness and diversity index of water and sediment samples at 97% level
采样点 水体 沉积物 Chao Shannon-Wninner Coverage Chao Shannon-Wninner Coverage Q1 1 332.6 5.10 0.99 Q2 1 386.8 6.99 0.99 Q6 3 935.6 9.06 0.99 Q7 5 202.2 9.66 0.99 Q10 5 156.3 9.85 0.99 Q11 5 919.3 10.4 0.99 Q12 5 762.3 10.5 0.99 Q14 1 526.0 6.39 0.99 5 844.3 10.1 0.99 Q16 2 530.4 5.13 0.99 Q17 1 741.7 5.38 0.99 5 754.2 9.73 0.99
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