Measurement of the development level and spatial-temporal differences of the National Ecological Civilization Construction Demonstration Areas in the Yellow River basin
-
摘要:
以黄河流域36个国家生态文明建设示范区为对象，从生态本底、绿色经济、人居环境和制度文化4个维度筛选出21项关键指标，构建黄河流域生态文明建设发展水平测度指标体系，全面探析生态文明发展水平及其时空差异。结果表明：所有指标体系中，水质达到或优于GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅲ类比例、单位地区生产总值用水量、城镇污水处理率这3个与水资源相关的指标权重较高，分别为0.095 3、0.069 9和0.060 6，水资源利用和管理是影响黄河流域生态文明建设的关键因素；2016—2019年，36个示范区生态文明建设取得了一定进展，生态文明指数由0.645 3增长到0.735 4，人居环境、制度文化、生态本底和绿色经济指数增幅分别为31.22%、14.08%、12.68%和6.69%。流域内示范区生态文明建设水平呈上游和中游较高且相近、下游相对较低的特征，不同地区生态文明建设的侧重点应有所不同，上游应注重生态保护和系统治理，中游在污染治理和人居环境建设方面有待加强，下游需进一步推进经济绿色化发展水平。
Abstract:Exploring the level, development trends and spatial differences of ecological civilization construction in the Yellow River basin has important guidance and reference significance for further advancing the construction of ecological civilization in the Yellow River basin. 21 indicators were selected from ecological background, green economy, living environment and institutional culture to construct the eco-civilization construction indices system for measuring the development level in the Yellow River basin, and the development level and spatial-temporal differences of the 36 National Ecological Civilization Construction Demonstration Areas (NECCDAs) in the Yellow River basin were comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that three indicators related to water resources had high weights, including the proportion of water quality reaching or better than Class Ⅲ of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002), water consumption per unit of GDP, urban sewage treatment rate, which weights were 0.095 3, 0.069 9 and 0.060 6, respectively. Water resource utilization and management was the key factor affecting the construction of ecological civilization construction in the Yellow River basin. From 2016 to 2019, the ecological civilization construction of the 36 NECCDAs in the Yellow River basin made some progress. The ecological civilization index increased from 0.645 3 to 0.735 4, while the growth rate of living environment, institutional culture, ecological background and green economy indicators were 31.22%, 14.08%, 12.68% and 6.69%, respectively. The ecological civilization construction level of the upstream and middle reaches was similar and higher than the downstream in the basin. The ecological civilization construction emphasis of different areas should be different. The ecological protection and systematic treatment of the upstream should be paid more attention to, the pollution control and living environment of the midstream need to be strengthened, and the degree of economic greening in the downstream should be further advanced.
-
图 2 2016—2019年黄河流域36个国家生态文明建设示范区生态文明指数得分均值和4年变化情况
Figure 2. Change of average YECS of the 36 National Ecological Civilization Construction Demonstration Areas in the Yellow River basin from 2016 to 2019
图 3 2016—2019年黄河流域9省（自治区）城镇化率和GDP占比
Figure 3. Urbanization rate and GDP proportion of nine provinces (autonomous regions) in the Yellow River basin from 2016 to 2019
图 4 2016—2019年黄河流域36个国家生态文明建设示范区各分指数时空变化
Figure 4. Temporal and spatial changes in sub-indices of 36 National Ecological Civilization Construction Demonstration Areas in the Yellow River basin from 2016 to 2019
4 2016—2019年黄河流域36个国家生态文明建设示范区各分指数时空变化(续)
注：河南蒙古族自治县简称河南县，黄南藏族自治州简称黄南州。
4. Temporal and spatial changes in sub-indices of 36 National Ecological Civilization Construction Demonstration Areas in the Yellow River basin from 2016 to 2019 (continued)
图 5 黄河流域上、中、下游示范区生态文明指数得分情况
Figure 5. YECS of the demonstration areas in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River basin
表 1 黄河流域36个国家生态文明建设示范区
Table 1. 36 National Ecological Civilization Construction Demonstration Areas in the Yellow River Basin
区域 省（自治区） 示范区 数量/个 上游地区 青海省 湟源县、贵德县、平安区、河南蒙古族自治县、黄南藏族自治州 15 宁夏回族自治区 吴忠市、固原市 内蒙古自治区 康巴什区、呼和浩特市新城区、鄂托克前旗 甘肃省 迭部县、合作市、平凉市、两当县、崇信县 中游地区 陕西省 凤县、陇县、宜君县、黄龙县、太白县、渭滨区、麟游县 14 山西省 右玉县、芮城县、沁源县、沁水县、蒲县、阳城县、安泽县 下游地区 河南省 兰考县、栾川县、汝州市、洛宁县 7 山东省 济阳区、惠民县、历下区 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 黄河流域生态文明建设发展水平测度指标体系
Table 2. Eco-civilization construction indices system for measuring the development level in the Yellow River basin
目标层 准则层 指标层 指标意义 属性 黄河流域生态文明建设成效（A） 生态本底（B1） 空气质量优良天数比例(C1) 反映空气环境质量 正向 PM2.5浓度(C2) 反映细颗粒物浓度 负向 水质达到或优于Ⅲ类比例(C3) 反映水环境质量 正向 劣Ⅴ类水体比例下降幅度(C4) 反映水环境质量提升状况 正向 林草覆盖率(C5) 反映林草资源丰富程度 正向 生态环境状况指数(C6) 反映生态环境综合状况 正向 绿色经济（B2） 单位地区生产总值能耗(C7) 反映能源消耗状况 负向 单位地区生产总值用水量(C8) 反映水资源消耗状况 负向 单位地区生产总值建设用地使用面积下降率(C9) 反映经济聚集化程度 正向 一般工业固体废物综合利用率(C10) 反映一般工业固废综合利用水平 正向 秸秆综合利用率(C11) 反映秸秆综合利用水平 正向 畜禽养殖粪便综合利用率(C12) 反映畜禽养殖粪便综合利用水平 正向 农膜回收利用率(C13) 反映农膜回收利用水平 正向 人居环境（B3） 城镇污水处理率(C14) 反映城镇污水处理状况 正向 城镇生活垃圾无害化处理率(C15) 反映城镇生活垃圾无害化处理状况 正向 农村卫生厕所普及率(C16) 反映农村卫生厕所普及建设状况 正向 城镇新建绿色建筑比例(C17) 反映绿色建筑建设状况 正向 制度文化（B4） 生态文明建设工作占党政实绩考核的比例(C18) 反映生态文明建设考核状况 正向 政府绿色采购比例(C19) 反映政府绿色采购状况 正向 生态文明教育普及率(C20) 反映生态文明教育的普及状况 正向 公众对生态文明建设满意度(C21) 反映公众对生态文明建设的满意程度 正向
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 黄河流域生态文明建设发展水平测度指标体系权重
Table 3. Weight of eco-civilization construction indices system for measuring the development level in the Yellow River basin
目标层 准则层 准则层的权重 指标层 指标层的权重 层次分析法 熵值法 组合赋权法 层次分析法 熵值法 组合赋权法 A B1 0.375 4 0.321 2 0.348 3 C1 0.100 6 0.035 6 0.068 1 C2 0.049 3 0.046 3 0.047 8 C3 0.083 8 0.106 8 0.095 3 C4 0.052 8 0.018 4 0.035 6 C5 0.047 0 0.051 2 0.049 1 C6 0.041 9 0.062 9 0.052 4 B2 0.349 3 0.275 3 0.312 3 C7 0.082 5 0.037 7 0.060 1 C8 0.095 4 0.044 4 0.069 9 C9 0.034 7 0.065 1 0.049 9 C10 0.028 7 0.048 9 0.038 8 C11 0.031 9 0.027 3 0.029 6 C12 0.037 3 0.025 3 0.031 3 C13 0.038 8 0.026 6 0.032 7 B3 0.142 6 0.227 4 0.185 0 C14 0.048 0 0.073 2 0.060 6 C15 0.040 4 0.064 8 0.052 6 C16 0.034 0 0.064 6 0.049 3 C17 0.020 2 0.024 8 0.022 5 B4 0.132 7 0.176 1 0.154 4 C18 0.058 6 0.053 8 0.056 2 C19 0.014 7 0.008 1 0.011 4 C20 0.034 8 0.066 6 0.050 7 C21 0.024 6 0.047 6 0.036 1
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 习近平.在黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展座谈会上的讲话[J]. 水利建设与管理,2019,39(11):1-3. [2] 刘志仁, 王嘉奇.黄河流域政府生态环境保护责任的立法规定与践行研究[J]. 中国软科学,2022(3):47-57. [3] GU S J, LU C X, QIU J G. Quantifying the degree of water resource utilization polarization: a case study of the Yellow River Basin[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology,2019,10(1):21. doi: 10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2019.01.003 [4] LIU K K, LI C H, CAI Y P, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of water resources security in the Yellow River Basin based on a fuzzy multi-attribute decision analysis approach[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2014,18(5):1605-1623. doi: 10.5194/hess-18-1605-2014 [5] 白璐, 孙园园, 赵学涛, 等.黄河流域水污染排放特征及污染集聚格局分析[J]. 环境科学研究,2020,33(12):2683-2694.BAI L, SUN Y Y, ZHAO X T, et al. Discharge characteristics and pollution aggregation pattern of water pollution in Yellow River Basin[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2020,33(12):2683-2694. [6] JI Y. Status and treatment model of water resources pollution in the Yellow River Basin of China[J]. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology,2017,16(3):783-788. [7] 齐月, 李俊生, 马艺文, 等.黄河三角洲滨海滩涂湿地沉积物重金属空间分布及生态风险评价[J]. 环境科学研究,2020,33(6):1488-1496.QI Y, LI J S, MA Y W, et al. Distribution and risk assessment of heavy metals of surface sediments in intertidal flats of the Yellow River Delta, China[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2020,33(6):1488-1496. [8] 张中良, 牛木川.长江、黄河流域高质量发展的测算与比较研究[J]. 生态经济,2022,38(2):59-66.ZHANG Z L, NIU M C. Calculation and comparison of high-quality development in Yangtze River and Yellow River Basins[J]. Ecological Economy,2022,38(2):59-66. [9] 金凤君, 林英华, 马丽, 等.黄河流域战略地位演变与高质量发展方向[J]. 兰州大学学报(社会科学版),2022,50(1):1-12.JIN F J, LIN Y H, MA L, et al. Evolution of the strategic position and high-quality development direction of the Yellow River Basin[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University (Social Sciences),2022,50(1):1-12. [10] 宁瑶, 刘雅莉, 杜剑卿, 等.黄河流域可持续发展评估及协同发展策略[J]. 生态学报,2022,42(3):990-1001.NING Y, LIU Y L, DU J Q, et al. Sustainable development assessment of the Yellow River Basin and the coordinated development strategy[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2022,42(3):990-1001. [11] CHEN Y P, FU B J, ZHAO Y, et al. Sustainable development in the Yellow River Basin: issues and strategies[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2020,263:121223. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121223 [12] 李海生, 张惠远, 张强, 等.以生态文明引领黄河文明复兴[J]. 环境保护,2021,49(增刊 1):54-57. [13] 陈怡平, 傅伯杰. 关于黄河流域生态文明建设的思考[N]. 中国科学报, 2019-12-20. [14] 陈融旭, 韩冰, 时芳欣, 等. 黄河流域生态文明建设的水实践与经验分析[C/OL]//水库大坝和水电站建设与运行管理新进展. (2022-03-16)[2022-08-12]. http://www.doc88.com/p-29429754986478.html. [15] 董亚宁, 范博凯, 李少鹏, 等.生态文明视角下黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展研究[J]. 生态经济,2022,38(2):217-222.DONG Y N, FAN B K, LI S P, et al. Research on ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basins from the perspective of ecological civilization[J]. Ecological Economy,2022,38(2):217-222. [16] 张国兴, 王涵.基于PSR模型的黄河流域中心城市水生态文明建设评价[J]. 生态经济,2022,38(2):211-216.ZHANG G X, WANG H. Evaluation of water ecological civilization construction in central cities of the Yellow River Basin based on PSR model[J]. Ecological Economy,2022,38(2):211-216. [17] 张卓群, 陈楠.黄河流域省会(首府)城市生态文明建设成效评价研究[J]. 青海社会科学,2021(4):36-45.ZHANG Z Q, CHEN N. Evaluation of ecological civilization construction effect of provincial capital cities in the Yellow River Basin[J]. Qinghai Social Sciences,2021(4):36-45. [18] 程广斌, 李莹, 孙雪英, 等.生态文明建设水平综合评价: 以新疆兵团为例[J]. 新疆农垦经济,2021(8):57-65.CHENG G B, LI Y, SUN X Y, et al. Research on comprehensive evaluation of XPCC's ecological civilization construction level[J]. Xinjiang State Farms Economy,2021(8):57-65. [19] 薛婧, 白璐, 武琛昊, 等.甘肃省经济发展与生态环境保护耦合协调关系研究[J]. 环境工程技术学报,2022,12(4):1280-1287.XUE J, BAI L, WU C H, et al. Study on the coupling coordination relationship between economic development and ecological environment protection in Gansu Province[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2022,12(4):1280-1287. [20] 卢开东, 王健健, 马燮铫, 等.基于DPSIR模型的芜湖市水生态承载力研究与建议[J]. 环境工程技术学报,2022,12(2):538-545.LU K D, WANG J J, MA X Y, et al. Study and suggestions on water ecological carrying capacity of Wuhu City based on DPSIR model[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2022,12(2):538-545. [21] 欧阳志云.开创复合生态系统生态学, 奠基生态文明建设: 纪念著名生态学家王如松院士诞辰七十周年[J]. 生态学报,2017,37(17):5579-5583. [22] 戴文渊, 陈年来, 李金霞, 等.基于SENCE概念框架的区域水生态安全评价研究: 以甘肃地区17流段为例[J]. 生态学报,2021,41(4):1332-1340.DAI W Y, CHEN N L, LI J X, et al. Regional water ecological security evaluation based on SENCE conceptual framework: taking 17 flow sections in Gansu Province as an example[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2021,41(4):1332-1340. [23] 陈增文, 胡清华, 陈忠兴, 等.基于熵权法的福建县域生态文明建设水平及动态变化评价研究[J]. 环境生态学,2022,4(4):1-10.CHEN Z W, HU Q H, CHEN Z X, et al. Research on evaluation of county ecological civilization construction level and dynamic change in Fujian Province based on entropy weight method[J]. Environmental Ecology,2022,4(4):1-10. [24] 王昊, 张林波, 宝明涛, 等.2015—2017年“2+26”城市生态文明发展水平评估及动态变化分析[J]. 环境科学研究,2021,34(3):661-670.WANG H, ZHANG L B, BAO M T, et al. Evaluation and analysis of dynamic changes in ecological civilization development level of ‘2+26’ cities in China from 2015 to 2017[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2021,34(3):661-670. [25] 葛世帅, 曾刚, 杨阳, 等.黄河经济带生态文明建设与城市化耦合关系及空间特征研究[J]. 自然资源学报,2021,36(1):87-102. doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20210106GE S S, ZENG G, YANG Y, et al. The coupling relationship and spatial characteristics analysis between ecological civilization construction and urbanization in the Yellow River Economic Belt[J]. Journal of Natural Resources,2021,36(1):87-102. doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20210106 [26] 张文慧, 胡小贞, 许秋瑾, 等.湖泊生态修复评价研究进展[J]. 环境工程技术学报,2015,5(6):545-550. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2015.06.085ZHANG W H, HU X Z, XU Q J, et al. Progress of the assessment of lake ecological restoration[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2015,5(6):545-550. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2015.06.085 [27] 高春玲.基于熵值法的湖北省绿色经济发展综合评价研究[J]. 科技管理研究,2012,32(19):70-72. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7695.2012.19.015 [28] 杨冬民, 王婷婷.陕西省绿色发展综合水平及路径研究: 基于碳达峰目标[J]. 生产力研究,2022(3):51-55. [29] 苏斌.基于层次分析法的城市生态文明评价体系构建[J]. 中国经贸导刊(中),2020(12):112-114. [30] 杨敏慧, 袁培炎, 罗天烈, 等.基于层次分析法评估长江上游宜宾段工业园区环境风险[J]. 环境工程技术学报,2022,12(2):624-632.YANG M H, YUAN P Y, LUO T L, et al. Assessment of the environmental risk of the industrial parks of Yibin section of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River based on analytic hierarchy process[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2022,12(2):624-632. [31] 马海涛, 徐楦钫.黄河流域城市群高质量发展评估与空间格局分异[J]. 经济地理,2020,40(4):11-18.MA H T, XU X F. High-quality development assessment and spatial heterogeneity of urban agglomeration in the Yellow River Basin[J]. Economic Geography,2020,40(4):11-18. [32] 张翔, 李金燕, 郭娇.基于熵权-耦合协调度模型的水源地可持续发展能力评价[J]. 生态经济,2020,36(9):164-168.ZHANG X, LI J Y, GUO J. Evaluation of sustainable development capacity of water sources based on entropy weight-coupling coordination model[J]. Ecological Economy,2020,36(9):164-168. ⊗ -
下载:
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 233
- HTML全文浏览量: 152
- PDF下载量: 38
- 被引次数: 0
