Research on the trend and motivation of EIA reform based on the practice of the three global economies
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摘要:
环境影响评价(简称环评)是一项重要环境管理制度,自1969年实施以来,在全球范围内经历了不断的修正和完善。特别是近10年来,在不同的政治、经济背景下,全球三大经济体——美国、中国和欧盟的环评改革均呈现出简化行政程序以及提高评价过程和报告书质量的共同趋势。采用多源流分析框架,对美国、欧盟和中国环评制度改革的根源、动力和趋势进行比较研究。结果表明,环评改革的根源在于不同国情背景下政策的实践反馈、公众环保意识的觉醒以及市场压力。
Abstract:As an important system of environmental management, since its promulgation in 1969, environmental impact assessment (EIA) has undergone continuous revision and improvement globally. Especially in the past ten years, under different political and economic backgrounds, the development of EIA reforms in the three largest economies, the United States, China and the European Union, have all shown common trends of simplifying the administrative procedures and improving the quality of the EIA procedure and reports. The Multiple Stream Framework (MSF) was adopted to conduct a comparative study on the causes, dynamics and trends of EIA system reform in the selected countries/regions. The research showed that the main reason for the EIA reform lied in the practical feedback of policies under different national conditions, the awakening of public awareness of environmental protection as well as market pressure.
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表 1 全球三大经济体环评改革动因的对比
Table 1. Comparison of the motivations for EIA reforms in three global economies
经济体 问题源流 政策源流 政治源流 美国 审查流程冗长 经济发展压力与
行政负担,环境
保护的使命总统换届, 固有的政治两极分化 欧盟 审查流程冗长,
企业行政负担纳入成员国现有
法律, 强制性范围
界定的争议国际气候
政治的压力,国内公众环境意识觉醒中国 项目环评有效性
不足,规划环评
落地困难多方群体的
利益协调放管服的行政要求, 生态文明
制度的推进 -
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