中国环评制度有效性评估指标的思考

姚懿函; 赵玉婷; 詹丽雯; 李小敏; 李林子; 李亚飞

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220623

中国环评制度有效性评估指标的思考

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220623

中国环境科学研究院

基金项目: 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项（2021YSKY-12）

详细信息

作者简介:
姚懿函（1985—），女，工程师，主要从事战略环评、规划环评研究，helloyaoyihan@163.com

通讯作者:
李小敏（1971—），女，高级工程师，主要从事战略环评、规划环评研究，lxm1919@126.com

中图分类号: X32
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- 文章访问数: 256
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-19
- 网络出版日期: 2022-09-22

Thoughts on the evaluation indicators of effectiveness of environmental impact assessment system in China

Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

摘要

摘要:
中国环评制度备受关注，亦饱受争议。如何客观看待一项制度，其有效性是重要的判定依据。环评有效性体现在制度建设、制度执行和发挥效力全过程，具有多个维度的内涵。围绕经济、社会、环境可持续发展目标，从制度有效性、程序有效性、实质有效性和认知有效性4个维度，按照“制度基础→实践过程→发挥作用→社会认知”逻辑，探索构建了中国环评制度有效性评估框架，并结合中国环评制度设计和运行模式，提出了一套科学、适用，兼具可操作和灵活性的中国环评有效性评估指标，为客观系统看待中国环评制度提供了思路，也为建立中国环评制度有效性跟踪评估机制提供参考，支撑环评制度改革优化。
- 环评 /
- 有效性 /
- 评估框架 /
- 评估指标
Abstract:
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) system of China has attracted considerable attention and controversy. When judging a system, it is important to consider its effectiveness objectively. The effectiveness of EIA is reflected in the entire process of system construction, system implementation, and taking effects, with multidimensional meaning. Aming at sustainable development of economy, society and environment, an evaluation framework of China's EIA system was explored and constructed based on the logic chain of "institutional basis→practical process→taking effects→social cognition", from four aspects of system effectiveness, procedural effectiveness, substantial effectiveness and cognitive effectiveness. Combined with the EIA system design and implementation mode of China, a set of scientific and applicable effectiveness evaluation indicators, with both practicality and flexibility, were proposed. These could provide ideas for objective and systematic assessment of China's EIA system, as well as reference for the establishment of a mechanism for tracking evaluation of the effectiveness of China's EIA system and for supporting its reform and optimization.
- environmental impact assessment (EIA) /
- effectiveness /
- evaluation framework /
- evaluation indicators

HTML全文

图 1 环评制度有效性评估框架

Figure 1. EIA effectiveness evaluation framework

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表 1 环评制度有效性评估指标

Table 1. Indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of EIA system

一级指标	二级指标	三级指标内容
制度有效性	规则完整	法律、法规、部门规章、管理文件；技术导则/技术指南/技术要点；管理机构及管理责任；技术机构及人员队伍和技术水平
	程序清晰	纳入管理的规划、建设项目范围；分级管理规定、审查审批流程；各方责任和义务；与其他环境管理制度的衔接机制
	与时俱进	纳入管理的规划、建设项目范围的调整；分级管理规定、审查审批流程等管理程序上的优化；评价内容和技术方法更新和完善
程序有效性	依法执行	建设项目环评、规划环评执行率
	质量可靠	程序的遵守，即环评早期介入、信息公开、公众参与；环评文件质量，即评价方法适用、结论科学可信、缓解措施可行
	成果落实	规划调整建议在规划中的采纳情况；规划实施过程环评各项措施要求的落实；建设项目“三同时”执行情况
实质有效性	转变发展方式	协调跨区域跨流域发展和系统保护；合理开发规模和开发时序；优化产业结构；推动行业清洁生产水平；促进循环经济发展；引导环保投资和科技创新
	优化开发格局	引导产业集聚化发展；缓解或避免人居矛盾；重要生态空间保护
	治理保护措施	环境基础设施；污染防治措施；生态影响减缓/修复措施；主要污染物减排措施；环境风险防控措施
认知有效性	环境意识	市场主体环境意识、社会公众环境意识和参与能力
	社会影响	各利益主体、社会公众的了解和认可程度
	环境权益	公众知情权、参与权、监督权保障

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