新发展阶段规划环境影响评价开展范围的几点建议

祝秀莲; 崔青; 尹勤; 侯雅楠; 杨帆

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220540

新发展阶段规划环境影响评价开展范围的几点建议

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220540

祝秀莲^1,,
崔青^1, ,,
尹勤²,
侯雅楠³,
杨帆¹

1.
生态环境部环境工程评估中心
2.
浙江省环境科技有限公司
3.
北京市科学技术研究院资源环境研究所

详细信息

作者简介:
祝秀莲(1980—)，女，高级工程师，主要从事环境影响评价研究，liepi_zhu@163.com

通讯作者:
崔青（1982—），女，高级工程师，主要从事规划环境影响评价研究，30396349@qq.com

中图分类号: X820.3
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-05-30
- 网络出版日期: 2022-09-22

Recommendations on the scope of planning environmental impact assessmentat the new development stage

ZHU Xiulian^1
,,
CUI Qing^{1
, ,},
YIN Qin²,
HOU Yanan³,
YANG Fan¹

1.
Appraisal Center for Environment and Engineering, Ministry of Ecology and Environment
2.
Zhejiang Environment Technology Co., Ltd.
3.
Institute of Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology

摘要

摘要:
为满足当前管理需求，在厘清我国现行规划体系构成、类型及相互关系的基础上，系统梳理了空间规划、区域规划、专项规划内容特征与环境影响特点，结合近20年规划环评实践，提出规划环评开展范围调整建议。对于空间规划，建议国家级总体规划不纳入规划环评体系，省级总体规划编写环境影响篇章或说明，市、县、乡镇级总体规划编写环境影响报告书。对于区域规划，建议指导性大区域规划编写环境影响篇章或说明，非指导性大区域规划及新区、产业园区等的开发建设规划编写环境影响报告书。对于专项规划，建议将自然资源开发、能源、交通、水利、农业（含畜牧业、渔业）、工业等专项规划纳入规划环评体系，指导性规划编制环境影响篇章或说明，非指导性规划编制环境影响报告书。
- 新发展阶段 /
- 规划体系构成 /
- 规划环评 /
- 开展范围
Abstract:
To meet current management requirements, the contents and environmental impact characteristics of spatial planning, regional planning and special planning were reviewed systematically based on clarifying the composition, types and interrelations of China's current planning system. Combined with the practice of planning environmental impact assessment (EIA) in the recent 20 years, some revising recommendations on the enforcement scope of planning EIA were proposed. For spatial planning, it was recommended that the national planning should not be included in the planning EIA system, the planning EIA at the provincial level should be carried out in the form of a chapter or explanation, and the planning EIA at the municipal level and below should be carried out in the form of reports. For regional planning, it was advised that the EIA of the directive large-scale regional planning should be in the form of chapters or explanations, and the that of the non-directive large-scale regional planning as well as the new district planning and the industrial park planning should be in the form of reports. For special planning, it was advised to include the planning of natural resources development, energy, transportation, water conservancy, agriculture (including animal husbandry and fishery) and industry into the planning EIA system, in which the EIA of the directive planning should be in the form of chapters or explanations, and that of the non-directive planning should be in the form of reports.
- new development stage /
- composition of the planning system /
- planning EIA /
- enforcement scope

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图 1 国土空间规划——“5级3类”规划关系

Figure 1. National spatial planning: planning relationship of “five levels and three categories"

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表 1 区域规划开展环评的相关要求

Table 1. Relevant requirements for environmental impact assessment in regional planning

文件	相关要求
《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》	国务院有关部门、设区的市级以上地方人民政府及其有关部门，对其组织编制的土地利用的有关规划，区域、流域、海域的建设、开发利用规划，应当在规划编制过程中组织进行环境影响评价，编写该规划有关环境影响的篇章或者说明
《建设项目环境保护管理条例》（国务院第253号令）	流域开发、开发区建设、城市新区建设和旧区改建等区域性开发，编制建设规划时，应当进行环境影响评价
《国家级区域规划管理暂行办法》（发改地区〔2015〕1521号）	国家级区域规划编制过程中，应当依法进行环境影响评价、社会稳定风险评估等，并在规划中予以阐述，或纳入规划编制说明一并上报
关于进一步加强产业园区规划环境影响评价工作的意见（环环评〔2020〕65号）	编制产业园区开发建设规划时应依法开展规划环评。国务院及其有关部门、省级人民政府批准设立的经济技术开发区、高新技术产业开发区、旅游度假区等产业园区以及设区的市级人民政府批准设立的各类产业园区，在编制开发建设有关规划时，应依法开展规划环评工作，编制环境影响报告书

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表 2 专项规划环评案例示例

Table 2. Cases on the EIA of special planning

规划类型	规划环评	核心内容及实施成效
工业专项	常州市印染行业发展专项规划环评报告书	从环境角度提出的产业集群规模布局、基础设施配套、集中供热，以及印染项目生态环境准入标准等均纳入了规划，对未来常州市印染行业高质量发展具有指导意义
能源专项	黄河流域煤电基地规划环评报告书	针对区域水资源匮乏、地表水环境容量有限、大气环境超标、生态脆弱等主要生态环境问题，从煤电基地建设规模、电源点布局、生态环境准入等方面提出了规划优化调整建议和意见。调整后，总装机规模由17 194万kW调减为11 950万kW，调减比例达30.5%，对改善黄河流域生态环境质量发挥了重要作用
水利专项	某流域综合规划环评报告书	对流域内主要河流已建的19座小水电站提出依法清理整顿的建议，进一步恢复河流连通性、保护流域内自然保护区等环境敏感区，提出规划主要河流调水量不宜超过2020年规模的严格要求，进一步遏制了主要干流水资源枯竭的风险
交通专项	某城市群城际轨道交通规划环评报告书	从线路走向、敷设方式、工程布设等方面对涉及自然保护区、风景名胜区、集中居住区等环境敏感目标的局部线路、场站布局等规划方案提出优化调整建议，以避免或减缓规划实施对周边景观资源、湿地资源、声环境和振动环境等的不利影响
自然资源开发专项	某省“十三五”矿产资源总体规划环评报告书	对与生态保护红线等生态环境敏感区存在空间冲突的矿产资源规划布局提出调整避让的建议，提出严格控制临近环境敏感区的规划开采规模；对已造成重金属污染、生态破坏等环境问题的矿区，进一步优化开发利用结构，加大治理投入，提高历史遗留矿山地质环境恢复治理率等措施建议

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