Decision-making and implementation effect analysis of wastewater emergency treatment of Xiangshui Explosion Accident
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摘要:
响水爆炸事故发生后，爆炸中心区及周边河流水体受到不同程度的化学品污染，污水应急处理难度极大，如何科学有效地开展事故污水的应急处理是现场环境应急工作的重中之重。介绍了该次爆炸事故环境应急水质分析、目标制定、处理方案和工程实施方案制定等应急处理过程，总结分析了该爆炸事故污水应急处理处置的成效与经验。现场环境应急过程中发展和实践了化工园区突发环境事件污水“快速封堵—安全转移—妥善处置”的应急技术链条，科学制定了污水应急处理和工程实施方案，成功实现了爆炸区各类污水的应急处理，达到了“不发生次生环境灾害”和“不让一滴污水进入灌河”的应急目标，验证了现场应急决策的科学性和正确性。
Abstract:After the special major explosion accident in Xiangshui, the central area of the explosion and the surrounding rivers were polluted by chemicals to different degrees, and the emergency treatment of the accidental wastewater was extremely difficult. How to scientifically and effectively carry out the emergency treatment of the accidental wastewater was the top priority of the on-site environmental emergency response. The emergency treatment decision-making processes, such as the environmental emergency water quality analysis, target setting, treatment and engineering implementation plan formulation of the explosion accident, were mainly introduced. The effectiveness, experience of the emergency treatment and disposal of wastewater in the explosion accident were also summarized and analyzed. In the process of on-site environmental emergency, the emergency technical chain of "quick plugging-safe transfer-proper disposal" in sudden environmental accidents in the chemical industry park was developed and practiced. The emergency wastewater treatment and engineering implementation plan was scientifically formulated, and the emergency treatment of all kinds of wastewater in the explosion area was successfully realized. Furthermore, the emergency treatment of wastewater achieved the emergency goals of "no secondary environmental disasters" and "not letting a drop of wastewater enter the Guan River", which verified the scientificity and correctness of on-site emergency decision-making. The successful experience accumulated in the environmental emergency response to the special major explosion accident in Xiangshui could provide a reference for the emergency response to similar sudden environmental pollution accidents in the future.
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Key words:
- Xiangshui /
- explosion accident /
- wastewater /
- emergency treatment /
- decision-making /
- engineering effects
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图 1 响水化工园区受污染水体分布
Figure 1. Distribution of polluted water bodies in Xiangshui chemical industry park
图 2 爆炸事故污水应急处理方案
Figure 2. Emergency treatment scheme of wastewater from the explosion accident
图 4 污水处理厂累计进水量及每日进水量
Figure 4. Cumulative influent water volume and daily influent water volume of the wastewater treatment plant
图 5 陈家港污水处理厂出水氨氮、COD、pH及苯浓度变化
Figure 5. Variation of effluent ammonia, COD, pH and benzene concentration from Chenjiagang wastewater treatment plant
表 1 排放指标和排放标准
Table 1. Emission indicators and emission standards
排放指标 排放标准/（mg/L） 排放指标 排放标准/（mg/L） 悬浮物 70 总磷 0.5 BOD5 20 苯胺类 0.5 COD 80 硝基苯类 2.0 氨氮 15 三氯甲烷 0.3 甲苯 0.1 二氯甲烷 0.2 氯苯 0.2 1，2-二氯乙烷 0.3 苯 0.1 
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表 2 不同种类污水特征以及处理工艺
Table 2. Characteristics and treatment technology of different kinds of sewage
污水种类 水质特征 水量/万m3 处理工艺 爆炸大坑污水 强酸、高COD、高氨氮 2.1 活性炭好氧强曝气预处理+生物处理组合工艺 事故厂区地面积水 强酸、腐蚀性、高浓度有机污染物 0.1 石灰中和、收集转运 重污染河水 苯胺等高浓度有机污染物 8.5 芬顿氧化+活性炭吸附+生物处理工艺 轻污染河水 COD较高 3.7 污水处理厂 微污染河水 低浓度有机污染物 14.3 活性炭吸附
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表 3 污染物削减量汇总
Table 3. Summary of pollutant reductions
处理设施 处理对象 污水处理量/m3 污染物削减量/kg COD 氨氮 苯胺类 芬顿氧化预处理 重污染河水 116 260 64 185.8 1 898.1 7 123.7 强化生物活性炭预处理 爆炸大坑污水 20 580 33 319.6 209.4 6.1 陈家港污水处理厂 综合污水 340 133 68 564.5 6 763.2 898.6 合计 166 069.9 8 870.7 8 028.4
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