Indirect circulating water network optimization of industrial parks based on mathematical planning method
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摘要:
为解决工业园区水资源消耗高和水污染排放强度大等问题，整体优化园区水资源网络，实现水资源的高效利用是非常必要的。基于数学规划法，以园区企业间水耗、排水量和水质的差异为基础，兼顾经济和环境要素，构建了包括水源、处理单元以及水阱的水网络优化模型，形成适用于工业园区水资源间接循环利用的优化方法。以典型工业园区为研究对象，基于水网络优化模型，在园区最小新鲜水需求量目标下，比较了不同情景的新鲜水需求量、废水排放量和总费用。结果表明：采用间接循环水网络优化方案可使园区总新鲜水需求量减少24.7%，废水排放量减少40.5%，废水重复利用率提升40.5%，总费用比较适中，为486.09万元/a，具有较高的环境效益，该优化模型能够显著提升工业园区水资源利用效率。
Abstract:In order to solve the problems of high water consumption and high intensity of water pollution discharge in industrial parks, it is necessary to optimize the water resources network of the parks as a whole to realize the efficient use of water resources. Based on the mathematical planning method, considering the differences in water consumption, discharge volume and water quality among the enterprises in the parks and taking into account the economic and environmental factors, a water network optimization mathematical model including water source, treatment unit and water trap was constructed to form an indirect recycling optimization method of water resources applicable to industrial parks. Based on the water network optimization model, the freshwater demand, wastewater discharge and total cost under different scenarios with the objective of minimum freshwater demand in a typical industrial park were compared. The research results showed that the adoption of the indirect recycling water network optimization scheme could reduce the total freshwater demand by 24.7%, reduce wastewater discharge by 40.5%, and increase wastewater reuse rate by 40.5%, and the total cost was moderate at 4.860 9 million yuan/a, which had high environmental benefits. The optimization model could significantly improve the efficiency of water resource utilization in industrial parks.
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Key words:
- mathematical programming method /
- industrial park /
- indirect circulation /
- water network /
- optimization
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图 1 工业园区水网络优化模型
注：i为水源；j为水阱；w1，w2，……wn为n种处理单元；G为新鲜水；E为外排单元；箭头代表水流可能分配的路径。
Figure 1. Water network optimization model for industrial parks
2 7种情景下的园区水网络优化结果
2. Optimization results of water network in the park under 7 scenarios
2 7种情景下的园区水网络优化结果(续)
2. Optimization results of water network in the park under 7 scenarios (continued)
2 7种情景下的园区水网络优化结果(续)
注：箭头旁边数字为流量，t/d。
2. Optimization results of water network in the park under 7 scenarios (continued)
表 1 优化前园区给排水现状和水资源利用情况
Table 1. Current situation of water supply and drainage and water utilization in the park before optimization
m3/d 优化前 食品饮料 制药 电子信息 金属材料 能源化工 机械装备 园区总量 新鲜水耗 3 900 750 1 700 400 1 550 2 050 10 350 废水排放量 1 950 600 1 370 240 930 1230 6 320 
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表 2 各处理单元COD去除率及运行成本
Table 2. Treatment unit and cost of COD removal rate
编号 进口COD
限值/（mg/L）出口COD/
（mg/L）COD
去除率/%运行成本/
（元/t）w1（混凝沉淀） 200 50 75 0.5 w2（好氧） 500 60 88 1.0 w3（好氧+厌氧） 1 000 100 90 1.5
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表 3 园区水源数据
Table 3. Water source data in the park
行业 排水类型 水源 COD/（mg/L） 流量/(m3/d) 食品饮料 制糖 1 440 400 乳业 2 750 650 肉类加工 3 890 900 制药 混合制剂 4 350 250 化学制剂 5 660 200 中药 6 900 150 电子信息 集成电路 7 125 400 半导体 8 140 470 电子器件 9 215 500
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表 4 园区水阱数据
Table 4. Water trap data in the park
行业 需水类型 水阱 COD/（mg/L） 流量/(m3/d) 金属材料 冷却循环水 1 50 160 冲渣水 2 100 90 工业用水 3 60 150 能源化工 冷却循环水 4 50 600 冲渣水 5 100 450 工业用水 6 60 500 机械装备 冷却循环水 7 50 1 000 冲洗水 8 80 450 工业用水 9 60 600
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表 5 各行业与分质单元之间的距离
Table 5. Distance between industries and quality units
m 食品饮料 制药 电子信息 金属材料 能源化工 机械装备 1240 1360 1310 1560 1470 1520
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表 6 不同情景下园区废水排放量
Table 6. Wastewater discharge in the park under different scenarios
情景 未达到处理单元
要求的流量/(m3/d)未被水阱利用
外排流量/(m3/d)废水排放量/
（m3/d）园区废水总排放量/
（m3/d）园区废水重复
利用率/%w1外排 w2外排 w3外排 0 6 320 0 1 0 0 0 1 360 1 360 3 760 40.5 2 2 750 0 2 750 5 150 13.8 3 1 900 480 2 380 4 780 32.0 4 0 3 380 3 380 5 780 8.5 5 1 900 0 0 1 900 4 300 32.0 6 0 0 2 510 2 510 4 910 22.3 7 0 0 1680 1 680 4 080 35.4
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