喀斯特石漠化治理区农户适应能力研究

季天妮; 周忠发; 朱昌丽; 牛子浩; 张家硕

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220123

喀斯特石漠化治理区农户适应能力研究

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220123

季天妮^1,,
周忠发^{1, 2, ,},
朱昌丽^{1, 3},
牛子浩^{1, 3},
张家硕^{1, 3}

1.
贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院/喀斯特研究院
2.
贵州省喀斯特山地生态环境国家重点实验室培育基地
3.
国家喀斯特石漠化防治工程技术研究中心

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金地区项目(41661088)；贵州省高层次创新型人才培养计划：“百”层次人才(黔科合平台人才〔2016〕5674)；贵州省哲学社会科学规划课题(21GZZD39)；贵州省教育科学规划课题(2019B174)

详细信息

作者简介:
季天妮（1997—），女，硕士研究生，主要从事人地系统适应性和农村可持续发展研究，jtn1284@163.cm

通讯作者:
周忠发（1969—），男，教授，主要从事GIS遥感与环境可持续发展研究，fa6897@163.com

中图分类号: X321
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-02-07

Study on the adaptability of farmers in Karst rocky desertification control area

JI Tianni^1
,,
ZHOU Zhongfa^{1, 2
, ,},
ZHU Changli^{1, 3},
NIU Zihao^{1, 3},
ZHANG Jiashuo^{1, 3}

1.
School of Geography and Environmental Science/School of Karst Science, , Guizhou Normal University
2.
State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Karst Mountain Ecology Environment of Guizhou Province
3.
State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control

摘要

摘要:
喀斯特石漠化治理区生态环境脆弱，经济发展水平低，该区域农户生计适应能力不仅关系到自身的利益，更影响其与生态环境可持续协调发展。以贵州省安顺市花江示范区为例，通过引入农户适应感知及可持续生计框架构建农户适应能力评价指标体系，采用主成分分析法，对509户农户适应能力进行定量评价及对比分析，探究其影响因素，并提出相应改进策略。结果表明：石漠化治理下花江农户对治理变化的感知能力表现为纯农户>农兼户>非农户>兼农户；花江农户适应能力整体呈现较低水平，兼农户和农兼户比纯农户和非农户适应能力强；影响花江农户适应能力的因素主要有物质和经济能力、人力和自然能力、石漠化治理考虑感知能力和生计多样化程度。通过改善农户的生计资本，增强其物质经济能力，提升受教育程度等措施，可提高喀斯特石漠化治理区农户适应能力。
- 喀斯特山区 /
- 农村 /
- 石漠化治理 /
- 农户 /
- 适应能力 /
- 花江示范区
Abstract:
The adaptability of the farmers in Karst rocky desertification control area was explored, so as to promote farmers to adapt to environmental changes brought by rocky desertification control, and realize the sustainable and coordinated development of regional farmers and ecological environment. With Huajiang Demonstration Zone in Anshun City, Guizhou Province as an example, the evaluation index system of farmers' adaptability was constructed by introducing farmers' adaptation perception and sustainable livelihood framework. Besides, the adaptability of 509 farmers was quantitatively evaluated and compared through principal component analysis. The influencing factors were analyzed and the corresponding improvement strategies were given. The results showed that the perception ability of the surveyed farmers to the change of rocky desertification control was in the order of pure farmers > part-time farmers > non-farmers > multiple occupations farmers. As a whole, the surveyed farmers' adaptability to environmental changes brought by rocky desertification control was low. The multiple occupations farmers and part-time farmers had stronger adaptability than pure farmers and non-farmers. The main influencing factors affecting the adaptability of farmers in Huajiang included material and economic ability, human and natural ability, perception ability of rocky desertification control and diversification degree of livelihood. The adaptability of farmers in Karst rocky desertification control area could be improved by enhancing their livelihood capital, material economic ability and educational level.
- Karst mountainous area /
- rural areas /
- rocky desertification control /
- farmers /
- adaptability /
- Huajiang Demonstration Zone

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图 1 研究区及调研点分布

Figure 1. Distribution of the study area and survey points

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图 2 不同生计农户适应能力指数分布

Figure 2. Interval frequency distribution of farmes’ adaptability index under livelihood difference

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表 1 调查样本基本情况

Table 1. Basic information of the survey sample

变量		人口/人	占比/%
性别	男	1 242	53.44
性别	女	1 082	46.56
年龄	0~17	662	28.49
	18~60	1 290	55.51
	>60	372	16.00
婚姻状况	未婚	958	41.22
	已婚	1 240	53.36
	再婚	3	0.12
	离异	19	0.82
	丧偶	104	4.48
受教育程度	文盲和半文盲	537	23.11
	小学	850	36.57
	初中	738	31.76
	高中	107	4.60
	大专	39	1.68
	本科以上	53	2.28
健康状况	健康	1 894	81.50
	基本健康	261	11.23
	不健康	139	5.98
	生活不能自理	30	1.29

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表 2 花江农户适应能力评价指标体系

Table 2. Evaluation index system of farmers' adaptability in Huajiang

指数	维度	代理指标	赋值	权重
适应能力指数	自然能力	耕地面积(X1)	人均面积	0.104
	自然能力	林地面积(X2)	人均面积	0.073
	物质能力	固定资产价值(X3)	家庭家具数量	0.107
	物质能力	牲畜数量(X4)	牛为0.8，猪为0.3，羊为0.2，鸡为0.1	0.089
	人力能力	家庭整体劳动能力(X5)	家庭劳动人口数占比	0.097
	人力能力	成年劳动力受教育程度(X6)	文盲为0，小学为0.25，初中为0.5，高中为0.75，大专以上为1	0.095
	经济能力	现金收入(X7)	人均年现金收入	0.091
	生计多样化程度	生计多样化指数(X8)	农户从事的生计活动种类数	0.089
	石漠化治理考虑感知能力	治理变化考虑度(X9)	考虑为1，不太考虑为0.5，不考虑为0	0.091
	石漠化治理考虑感知能力	治理变化感知度(X10)	感知能力强为1，感知能力较强为0.5，感知能力弱为0	0.098
	基础设施条件	交通条件(X11)	非常好为1，比较好为0.75，一般为0.5，不太好为0.25，很不好为0	0.066

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表 3 特征根及主成分贡献率

Table 3. Contribution rate of characteristic roots and principal components

主成分	特征根	贡献率/%	累计贡献率/%
第一主成分	1.995	19.224	19.224
第二主成分	1.474	14.491	33.715
第三主成分	1.271	12.647	46.362
第四主成分	1.112	11.018	57.380
第五主成分	1.047	9.520	66.900

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表 4 旋转后的因子载荷矩阵

Table 4. Factor load matrix after rotation

指标	主成分荷载值
指标	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC5
X1	0.071	0.188	0.066	0.799	0.196
X2	0.084	−0.089	−0.141	0.654	−0.134
X3	0.205	0.650	−0.163	0.137	0.268
X4	0.795	0.045	0.000	−0.070	−0.051
X5	−0.091	0.564	0.092	0.255	−0.219
X6	0.054	0.813	−0.091	−0.163	−0.044
X7	0.695	−0.019	0.048	0.046	−0.123
X8	0.528	0.109	−0.058	0.240	0.894
X9	0.085	−0.025	0.771	−0.054	−0.167
X10	−0.074	−0.091	0.819	−0.012	0.165
X11	−0.049	−0.028	0.011	0.028	0.106

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表 5 石漠化治理下花江农户的考虑感知能力

Table 5. Perception ability of farmers in Huajiang under rocky desertification control

农户类型	治理变化考虑度	治理变化感知度
纯农户	0.562	0.598
农兼户	0.531	0.605
兼农户	0.490	0.637
非农户	0.493	0.617

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表 6 石漠化治理下花江农户的适应能力指数分布

Table 6. Adaptability index of farmers in Huajiang under rocky desertification control

适应能力类别	ACI范围	农户数量/户	占比/%
极低	0~0.3	40	7.86
较低	0.3~0.45	373	73.28
较高	0.45~0.6	96	18.86
高	≥0.6	0	0

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表 7 不同生计农户适应能力主要影响因子

Table 7. Main influencing factors of adaptation capacity of farmers with different livelihoods

农户类型	影响因子	代理指标	所属维度	主成分荷载值
纯农户	第一影响因子	X6	人力能力	0.756
	第二影响因子	X4	物质能力	0.767
	第三影响因子	X10	石漠化治理考虑感知能力	0.814
	第四影响因子	X1	自然能力	0.681
	第五影响因子	X2	自然能力	0.890
兼农户/ 农兼户	第一影响因子	X4	物质能力	0.763
	第二影响因子	X10	石漠化治理考虑感知能力	0.797
	第三影响因子	X3	物质能力	0.788
	第四影响因子	X8	生计多样化程度	0.782
非农户	第一影响因子	X5	人力能力	0.836
	第二影响因子	X3	物质能力	0.788
	第三影响因子	X6	人力能力	0.806
	第四影响因子	X7	经济能力	0.772

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