云南大理洱源西湖浮游植物功能群季节演替特征

杨雅兰; 过龙根; 尹成杰; 公莉; 罗泽凤; 徐淑兰

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220097

云南大理洱源西湖浮游植物功能群季节演替特征

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220097

杨雅兰^{1, 2,},
过龙根^{1, 2, ,},
尹成杰^{1, 2},
公莉^{1, 2},
罗泽凤³,
徐淑兰³

1.
中国科学院水生生物研究所
2.
中国科学院大学
3.
洱源县环境保护信息中心

基金项目: 云南省大理市洱源县项目

详细信息

作者简介:
杨雅兰（1994—），女，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为水生生物学，390648984@qq.com

通讯作者:
过龙根（1974—），男，副研究员，博士，主要从事渔业资源调控与环境修复研究，longgen@ihb.ac.cn

中图分类号: X524
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-01-28

Study on the seasonal succession of phytoplankton functional groups in Eryuan West Lake of Dali City, Yunnan Province

YANG Yalan^{1, 2
,},
GUO Longgen^{1, 2
, ,},
YIN Chengjie^{1, 2},
GONG Li^{1, 2},
LUO Zefeng³,
XU Shulan³

1.
Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
3.
Eryuan Environmental Protection Information Center

摘要

摘要:
为探讨云南大理洱源西湖浮游植物功能群特征及其与环境因子的关系，于2019年9月—2020年8月每月采集浮游植物样品及水环境指标，采用修正的卡尔森营养状态指数和浮游植物功能群分类法评价洱源西湖水体富营养化程度及探讨浮游植物的季节演替特征。结果表明：洱源西湖为低透明度且浊水状态的富营养化水体；研究期间共镜检鉴定出浮游植物7门72属，划分为23个浮游植物功能群，其中MP〔颤藻（Oscillatoria sp.）〕、S1〔伪鱼腥藻（Anabaenopsis sp.）〕、H1〔鱼腥藻（Dolichospermum sp.）〕和S_N〔拟柱胞藻（Cylindrospermopsis sp.）〕为优势功能群，其均为蓝藻门的丝状藻类；秋季浮游植物主要以颤藻、拟柱胞藻为主，冬季和春季主要以伪鱼腥藻和颤藻为主，而夏季主要以颤藻和鱼腥藻为主；冗余分析结果显示，洱源西湖浮游植物功能群演替的关键环境因子为水温、pH、正磷酸盐浓度与可溶性总磷浓度，尤其是可溶解性磷（主要为 PO₄ ³⁻-P）浓度变化促成了优势功能群的季节演替。洱源西湖的富营养化状态为丝状蓝藻占优势且藻类结构单一。
- 洱源西湖 /
- 浮游植物功能群 /
- 演替 /
- 环境因子
Abstract:
To investigate the characteristics of the phytoplankton functional group and its relationship with environmental factors in the West Lake of Eryuan County, Dali City, Yunnan Province, phytoplankton samples and water environment factors were collected monthly from September 2019 to August 2020. The modified Carlson trophic state index and the phytoplankton functional group (FG) classification were used to evaluate the degree of eutrophication in the water column of the lake and to explore the seasonal succession characteristics of phytoplankton. The preliminary results showed that: 1) Eryuan West Lake was eutrophic water with low transparency and turbidity. 2) Seven phyla and 72 genera of phytoplankton were identified by microscopic examination during the study, which were divided into 23 phytoplankton functional groups. MP (Oscillatoria sp.), S1 (Anabaenopsis sp.), H1 (Dolichospermum sp.) and SN (Cylindrospermopsis sp.) were the four dominant functional groups, all of which were filamentous algae of cyanobacterial phylum. Phytoplankton in autumn was mainly dominated by Oscillatoria sp. and Cylindrospermopsis sp., while it was mainly composed of Anabaenopsis sp. and Oscillatoria sp. in winter and spring, and mainly Oscillatoria sp. and Dolichospermum sp. in summer. 3) The results of Redundancy analysis showed that the key environmental factors for phytoplankton functional group succession in Eryuan West Lake were water temperature, pH, PO₄ ³⁻-P and TDP, especially the change of soluble phosphorus concentration contributed to the seasonal succession of the dominant functional group. Therefore, filamentous cyanobacteria were dominant in the eutrophication state of Eryuan West Lake, with a homogeneous algal structure.
- Eryuan West Lake /
- phytoplankton functional group /
- succession /
- environmental factors

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图 1 洱源西湖采样点分布

Figure 1. Distribution of sampling sites in Eryuan West Lake

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图 2 洱源西湖浮游植物优势种类密度占比的季节变化

Figure 2. Seasonal variation in the relative abundance of dominant phytoplankton species in Eryuan West Lake

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图 3 洱源西湖浮游植物优势功能群季节变化特征

Figure 3. Seasonal variation of relative abundance of phytoplankton functional groups in Eryuan West Lake

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图 4 浮游植物优势功能群与环境因子的RDA分析

注：RDA1为25.74%，RDA2为12.01%。

Figure 4. RDA analysis of phytoplankton dominant functional groups and environmental variables

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表 1 洱源西湖环境因子季节变化

Table 1. Seasonal variation of environmental factors in Eryuan West Lake

季节	氮浓度//(mg/L)				磷浓度/(mg/L)			Chla浓度/ (µg/L)	水温/℃	DO浓度/ (mg/L)	pH	SD/m	TN/TP	TSI_M
季节	TN	TDN	NO₃ ⁻-N	NH₄ ⁺-N	TP	TDP	PO₄ ³⁻-P	Chla浓度/ (µg/L)	水温/℃	DO浓度/ (mg/L)	pH	SD/m	TN/TP	TSI_M
春季	1.17± 0.15^a	0.61± 0.16^a	0.089± 0.006^a	0.013± 0.008^b	0.080± 0.002^ab	0.017± 0.004^a	0.003± 0.001^a	32.6± 1.6^b	17.2± 1.6^c	6.3± 0.6^a	8.20± 0.10^a	0.83± 0.05^a	14.91± 1.45^ab	62.2± 0.2^b
夏季	1.30± 0.09^a	0.69± 0.09^a	0.094± 0.025^a	0.065± 0.023^a	0.089± 0.007^ab	0.019± 0.006^a	0.005± 0.001^a	41.6± 18.7^ab	22.6± 1.7^a	5.9± 0.5^b	8.19± 0.04^a	0.82± 0.20^a	15.36± 1.96^ab	63.7± 3.0^ab
秋季	1.20± 0.29^a	0.62± 0.16^a	0.057± 0.017^b	0.022± 0.001^b	0.118± 0.044 5^a	0.033± 0.028^a	0.013± 0.012^a	54.3± 9.5^a	19.0± 2.7^b	5.9± 2.4^b	8.33± 0.28^a	0.80± 0.02^a	11.18± 3.86^b	66.0± 2.5^a
冬季	1.22± 0.15^a	0.71± 0.07^a	0.107± 0.015^a	0.037± 0.011^a	0.070± 0.003^b	0.032± 0.016^a	0.004± 0.000^a	41.7± 7.8^ab	11.4± 0.8^d	7.8± 1.3^a	8.76± 0.66^a	0.79± 0.10^a	17.54± 1.50^a	62.6± 1.4^ab
注：数据结果为平均值±标准差；不同小写字母表示差异显著。

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表 2 洱源西湖浮游植物功能群划分

Table 2. Phytoplankton functional groups division in Eryuan West Lake

FG分类	代表属（种）	所属门类	指示生境特征
B	小环藻（Cyclotella sp.）	硅藻门	中营养型的小中型水体，对硅缺乏和分层敏感
C	星杆藻（Asterionella sp.）	硅藻门	富营养型的小中型湖泊，无分层现象
D	针杆藻（Synedra sp.）	硅藻门	河流在内的浑浊水体
E	锥囊藻（Dinobryon sp.）	金藻门	小型浅水寡营养湖泊
F	蹄形藻（Kirchneriella sp.）月牙藻（Selenastrum sp.）卵囊藻（Oocystis sp.）	绿藻门	中营养或富营养型，清澈的深水湖泊
G	实球藻（Pandorina sp.）空球藻（Eudorina sp.）	绿藻门	富营养型小型湖泊
H1	鱼腥藻（Dolichospermum sp.）	蓝藻门	小型富营养湖泊，分层的低氮水体
J	栅藻（Scendesmus sp.）四角藻（Tetraedron）盘星藻（Pediastrum sp.）	绿藻门	混合的高营养型浅水水体
Lo	多甲藻（Peridinium sp.）角甲藻（Ceratium sp.）	甲藻门	寡营养至富营养湖泊
Lo	平裂藻（Merismopedia sp.）色球藻（Chroococcus sp.）	蓝藻门	寡营养至富营养湖泊
M	微囊藻（Microcystis sp.）	蓝藻门	富或高富营养的小中型水体
MP	颤藻（Oscillatoria sp.）	蓝藻门	经常性搅动的、浑浊的淡水湖泊
	舟形藻（Navicula sp.）	硅藻门
	窗纹藻（Epithemia sp.）	硅藻门
N	鼓藻（Cosmarium sp.）	绿藻门	栖息在2~3 m的连续或半连续的混合层中
NA	叉星鼓藻（Staurastrums sp.）	绿藻门	低纬度地区的静水、贫至中营养水体
P	新月藻（Closterium sp.）	绿藻门	混合程度较高的中富营养浅水水体
	脆杆藻（Fragilaria sp.）	硅藻门
	直链藻Melosira sp.）	硅藻门
S1	伪鱼腥藻（Anabaenopsis sp.）	蓝藻门	对光照、冲刷敏感，适合生活于暗环境中
S_N	拟柱胞藻（Cylindrospermopsis sp.）	蓝藻门	温暖的混合水体
T	转板藻（Mougeotia sp.）并联藻（Quadrigula sp. ）	绿藻门	持续混合层，光限制水体
W1	裸藻（Euglena sp. ）扁裸藻（Phacus sp. ）	裸藻门	有机质丰富的小型水体
W2	囊裸藻（Trachelomonas sp. ）	裸藻门	中或富营养型水体
X1	小球藻（Chlorella sp. ）纤维藻（Ankistrodesmus sp. ）拟新月藻（Closteriopsis sp. ）	绿藻门	富至高富营养型水体
X2	衣藻（Chlamydomonas sp. ）	绿藻门	中度至高度富营养型水体
X2	蓝隐藻Chroomonas sp. ）	隐藻门	中度至高度富营养型水体
X3	弓形藻（Schroederia sp. ）	绿藻门	混合的、寡营养浅水水体
Y	隐藻（Cryptomonas sp. ）	隐藻门	牧食强度低的静水水体
Y	薄甲藻（Glenodinium sp. ）	甲藻门	牧食强度低的静水水体

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表 3 浮游植物优势功能群与环境因子的RDA统计参数

Table 3. Statistical parameters of RDA analysis between phytoplankton dominant functional groups and environmental variables

轴	特征值	物种累计占比/%	物种与环境相关系数	物种与环境相关性的累计占比/%
轴1	0.257 4	25.74	0.692 6	66.36
轴2	0.120 1	37.75	0.616 9	97.30
轴3	0.009 7	38.71	0.282 4	99.78
轴4	0.000 8	38.80	0.177 4	100

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