土壤污染物健康风险评价技术现状及发展趋势

王红梅; 吴健芳; 田自强; 李宇婷; 龚斌

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220027

土壤污染物健康风险评价技术现状及发展趋势

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220027

中国环境科学研究院水生态环境研究所

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFC1809104）

详细信息

作者简介:
王红梅(1971—)，女，研究员，博士，主要从事环境污染与风险控制研究，wanghmxj@163.com

中图分类号: X53
计量
- 文章访问数: 351
- HTML全文浏览量: 133
- PDF下载量: 81
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-01-11

Status and development trend of soil pollutant health risk assessment technology

Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

摘要

摘要:
我国土壤污染总体形势依然严峻。土壤污染物人体健康风险评估（health risk assessment，HRA）成为支撑土地分类管理、行业准入管理、土壤污染风险管控的核心技术之一。梳理分析了国内外土壤污染物HRA发展现状，明确土壤污染物HRA技术发展趋势是在传统“四步法”程序的框架下，进一步与评价空间化、生物有效性精细化以及暴露特征定量化等技术融合。进一步以土壤修复目标值及合理规划土地安全利用的环境需求为例，分析了土壤HRA技术在环境管理实践中的不足，提出土壤污染物HRA技术在承载力评价与排放源管理上仍是薄弱环节。为有效管控土壤风险，提出未来HRA技术重点可以“污染源—途径—敏感保护”为突破点，以实现通过设定管控单元HRA风险约束性指标来指导产业调整的目标的建议。
- 土壤污染物 /
- 健康风险评估 /
- 空间化 /
- 土地安全利用规划 /
- 修复标准
Abstract:
The overall situation of soil pollution in China is still severe. Human health risk assessment (HRA) on soil pollutants has become one of the core technologies which supports land classification management, industry access management and soil pollution risk control. The development status of soil pollutant HRA at home and abroad was summarized, and a conclusion was drawn that the trend of soil pollutant HRA technology followed the framework of traditional "four-step" procedure, and further integrated with the technologies of the spatialization of evaluation, refinement of bioavailability and quantification of exposure characteristics. Taking the target value of soil remediation and the environmental demand for rational planning of land safe use as examples, the shortcomings of soil HRA technology in management practice were analyzed, and it was put forward that soil pollutant HRA technology was still the weak link in carrying capacity evaluation and emission source management. In order to effectively control the soil risks, it was suggested that the focus of HRA technology in the future was to take the "pollution source-route-sensitive protection" as the breakthrough point and achieve the goal of guiding industrial adjustment by setting binding indicators of HRA risk for the control units.
- soil pollutant /
- health risk assessment (HRA) /
- spatialization /
- land safety use planning /
- restoration standard

HTML全文

图 1 土壤污染物不同暴露途径

Figure 1. Different exposure routes of soil pollutants

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

参考文献(39)

[1]	US EPA. Exposure factors handbook[R]. Washington DC: Immediate Office, US Environmental Protection Agency, 2011.
[2]	李晓勇, 陈肖胤.株洲市农田土壤重金属污染特征及风险评价[J]. 桂林理工大学学报,2016,36(3):545-549. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-9057.2016.03.020 LI X Y, CHEN X Y. Characteristics of heavy metals pollution and health risk assessment in farmland soil of Zhuzhou[J]. Journal of Guilin University of Technology,2016,36(3):545-549. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-9057.2016.03.020
[3]	兰鹏鹏, 万大娟, 董法秀, 等.冶炼厂遗留场地土壤重金属污染分析及健康风险评价[J]. 湖南农业科学,2019(4):59-63. LAN P P, WAN D J, DONG F X, et al. Pollution analysis and health risk assessment of heavy metal in A smelter site[J]. Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2019(4):59-63.
[4]	张娟, 吴建芝, 刘燕.北京市绿地土壤多环芳烃分布及健康风险评价[J]. 中国环境科学,2017,37(3):1146-1153. ZHANG J, WU J Z, LIU Y. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban green space of Beijing: distribution and potential risk[J]. China Environmental Science,2017,37(3):1146-1153.
[5]	孙焰, 祁士华, 李绘, 等.福建闽江沿岸土壤中多环芳烃含量、来源及健康风险评价[J]. 中国环境科学,2016,36(6):1821-1829. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2016.06.033 SUN Y, QI S H, LI H, et al. Concentrations, sources and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils collected along the banks of Minjiang River, Fujian, China[J]. China Environmental Science,2016,36(6):1821-1829. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2016.06.033
[6]	吴东辉, 刘红霞, 刘毛林, 等.典型城乡交错区土壤中多环芳烃污染及健康风险评价[J]. 环境化学,2018,37(7):1565-1574. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2017100301 WU D H, LIU H X, LIU M L, et al. Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil from a typic peri-urban area[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2018,37(7):1565-1574. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2017100301
[7]	张静, 邹滨, 陈思萱, 等.土壤重金属污染风险时空变化模拟与分析[J]. 测绘科学,2016,41(10):88-92. ZHANG J, ZOU B, CHEN S X, et al. Spatial-temporal simulation and analysis of health risks of heavy metal contaminated soil[J]. Science of Surveying and Mapping,2016,41(10):88-92.
[8]	黄庆熙, 陈海珍, 彭雪云, 等.广州主城区土壤砷元素污染及健康风险评价[J]. 环境与职业医学,2013,30(8):576-581. HUANG Q X, CHEN H Z, PENG X Y, et al. Arsenic contamination in soil and health risk assessment in Guangzhou downtown areas[J]. Journal of Environmental & Occupational Medicine,2013,30(8):576-581.
[9]	韩琳, 徐夕博.基于PMF模型及地统计的土壤重金属健康风险定量评价[J]. 环境科学,2020,41(11):5114-5124. HAN L, XU X B. Quantitative evaluation of human health risk of heavy metals in soils based on positive matrix factorization model and geo-statistics[J]. Environmental Science,2020,41(11):5114-5124.
[10]	杨雪玲, 刘慧琳, 葛畅, 等.北京平原区土壤镉空间分布特征及健康风险评估[J]. 江苏农业科学,2019,47(20):260-266. YANG X L, LIU H L, GE C, et al. Spatial distribution characteristics and health risk assessment of Cd in soil in Beijing plain[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2019,47(20):260-266.
[11]	方传棣, 成金华, 赵鹏大, 等.长江经济带矿区土壤重金属污染特征与评价[J]. 地质科技情报,2019,38(5):230-239. FANG C D, CHENG J H, ZHAO P D, et al. Characteristics and evaluation of heavy metal pollution in soils of mining areas in the Yangtze River economic belt[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information,2019,38(5):230-239.
[12]	PISTOCCHI A, VIZCAINO P, HAUCK M. A GIS model-based screening of potential contamination of soil and water by pyrethroids in Europe[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2009,90(11):3410-3421. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.05.020
[13]	SIMASUWANNARONG B, SATAPANAJARU T, KHUNTONG S, et al. Spatial distribution and risk assessment of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in topsoil at rayong Province, Thailand[J]. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution,2012,223(5):1931-1943.
[14]	施宸皓, 王云燕, 柴立元, 等.洞庭湖湿地周围表层土壤重金属污染及其人体健康风险评价[J]. 中国有色金属学报,2020,30(1):150-161. doi: 10.11817/j.ysxb.1004.0609.2020-36354 SHI C H, WANG Y Y, CHAI L Y, et al. Assessment of heavy metal and human health risk in surface soils around Dongting Lake wetland, China[J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2020,30(1):150-161. doi: 10.11817/j.ysxb.1004.0609.2020-36354
[15]	CHAI L, WANG Y H, WANG X, et al. Pollution characteristics, spatial distributions, and source apportionment of heavy metals in cultivated soil in Lanzhou, China[J]. Ecological Indicators,2021,125:107507. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107507
[16]	SUN T, HUANG J L, WU Y Y, et al. Risk assessment and source apportionment of soil heavy metals under different land use in a typical estuary alluvial island[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2020,17(13):4841. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17134841
[17]	GILLER K E, WITTER E, MCGRATH S P. Heavy metals and soil microbes[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2009,41(10):2031-2037. doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.04.026
[18]	马薇, Graeme I.Paton, 王夏晖. 土壤重金属生物有效性评价方法研究进展[J]. 环境保护科学,2016,42(4):47-51. MA W, PATON G, WANG X H. Research progress in bioavailability assessment of heavy metals in soils[J]. Environmental Protection Science,2016,42(4):47-51.
[19]	KELSEY J W, KOTTLER B D, ALEXANDER M. Selective chemical extractants to predict bioavailability of soil-aged organic chemicals[J]. Environmental Science & Technology,1997,31(1):214-217.
[20]	ZHUANG M Q, ZHAO J S, LI S Y, et al. Concentrations and health risk assessment of rare earth elements in vegetables from mining area in Shandong, China[J]. Chemosphere,2017,168:578-582. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.023
[21]	杨丽, 毛祖莉.衡阳市绿地Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb形态分布及健康风险评价[J]. 环境科学与技术,2019,42(增刊 1):227-231. YANG L, MAO Z L. Study on the speciation of Cu and Zn and risk assessment in urban green space in Hengyang City[J]. Environmental Science & Technology,2019,42(Suppl 1):227-231.
[22]	PELFRÊNE A, DÉTRICHÉ S, DOUAY F. Combining spatial distribution with oral bioaccessibility of metals in smelter-impacted soils: implications for human health risk assessment[J]. Environmental Geochemistry and Health,2015,37(1):49-62. doi: 10.1007/s10653-014-9629-0
[23]	BHATTACHARYYA K, SENGUPTA S, PARI A, et al. Characterization and risk assessment of arsenic contamination in soil–plant (vegetable) system and its mitigation through water harvesting and organic amendment[J]. Environmental Geochemistry and Health,2021,43(8):2819-2834. doi: 10.1007/s10653-020-00796-9
[24]	WALKER D J, CLEMENTE R, ROIG A, et al. The effects of soil amendments on heavy metal bioavailability in two contaminated Mediterranean soils[J]. Environmental Pollution,2003,122(2):303-312. doi: 10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00287-7
[25]	MAHMOOD A, MALIK R N, LI J, et al. Human health risk assessment and dietary intake of organochlorine pesticides through air, soil and food crops (wheat and rice) along two tributaries of river Chenab, Pakistan[J]. Food and Chemical Toxicology,2014,71:17-25. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.05.008
[26]	李小飞. 稀土采矿治理地土壤和植被中稀土元素含量及其健康风险评价: 以福建长汀稀土采矿区为例[D]. 福州: 福建师范大学, 2013.
[27]	陈晓晨, 牛佳, 崔岩山.城市表层土壤中铅的生物可给性及其对人体的健康风险评价: 以首钢厂区附近小区域为例[J]. 环境科学,2010,31(12):3028-3035. CHEN X C, NIU J, CUI Y S. Bioaccessibility of lead in urban topsoil and its health risk assessment: a case study of a small area near Shougang group[J]. Environmental Science,2010,31(12):3028-3035.
[28]	曹云者, 韩梅, 夏凤英, 等.采用健康风险评价模型研究场地土壤有机污染物环境标准取值的区域差异及其影响因素[J]. 农业环境科学学报,2010,29(2):270-275. CAO Y Z, HAN M, XIA F Y, et al. Regional variance and its influencing factors in deriving standard values of organic pollutants in soil: a case study based on human health risk assessment modeling approach[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2010,29(2):270-275.
[29]	方晴, 冼萍, 蒙政成.基于蒙特卡罗模拟的农用地土壤健康风险评价[J]. 环境工程,2021,39(2):147-152. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202102024 FANG Q, XIAN P, MENG Z C. Environmental health risk assessment model of agricultural land based on Monte Carlo simulation and its application[J]. Environmental Engineering,2021,39(2):147-152. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.202102024
[30]	杨阳, 代丹, 蔡怡敏, 等.基于Monte Carlo模拟的土壤重金属综合风险评价与案例分析[J]. 环境科学,2015,36(11):4225-4231. YANG Y, DAI D, CAI Y M, et al. Comprehensive risk assessment of soil heavy metals based on Monte Carlo simulation and case study[J]. Environmental Science,2015,36(11):4225-4231.
[31]	佟瑞鹏, 杨校毅.基于蒙特卡罗模拟的土壤环境健康风险评价: 以PAHs为例[J]. 环境科学,2017,38(6):2522-2529. TONG R P, YANG X Y. Environmental health risk assessment of contaminated soil based on Monte Carlo method: a case of PAHs[J]. Environmental Science,2017,38(6):2522-2529.
[32]	黄尧. 基于健康风险评价方法的青岛市某铬渣污染场地土壤修复目标值研究[D]. 青岛: 青岛理工大学, 2011.
[33]	张瑜. POPs污染场地土壤健康风险评价与修复技术筛选研究[D]. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2008.
[34]	李岩, 尹乃毅, 都慧丽, 等.不同含磷化合物修复铅污染土壤后的人体健康风险评价[J]. 环境化学,2019,38(7):1446-1452. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2018091103 LI Y, YIN N Y, DU H L, et al. Human health risk assessment for lead contaminated soil after remediation with several phosphate compounds[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2019,38(7):1446-1452. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2018091103
[35]	莫欣岳, 李欢, 安伟铭, 等.基于健康风险的土壤和地下水修复目标分析: 以某石油化工污染场地为例[J]. 江苏农业科学,2017,45(10):205-208.
[36]	李飞. 城镇土壤重金属污染的层次健康风险评价与量化管理体系[D]. 长沙: 湖南大学, 2015.
[37]	POGGIO L, VRŠČAJ B, HEPPERLE E, et al. Introducing a method of human health risk evaluation for planning and soil quality management of heavy metal-polluted soils—an example from Grugliasco (Italy)[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning,2008,88(2/3/4):64-72.
[38]	张建龙, 解建仓, 汪妮, 等.再生水回用的改进健康风险评价及土壤承载能力研究[J]. 水土保持学报,2010,24(2):192-196. doi: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2010.02.004 ZHANG J L, XIE J C, WANG N, et al. Study on reclaimed water reuse of improve health risk assessment and soil carrying capacity[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,24(2):192-196. doi: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2010.02.004
[39]	VESTERGAARD G, SCHULZ S, SCHÖLER A, et al. Making big data smart: how to use metagenomics to understand soil quality[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils,2017,53(5):479-484. ⊕ doi: 10.1007/s00374-017-1191-3