1980—2020年永定河流域景观格局动态变化及驱动力分析

曹丽慧; 郎琪; 雷坤; 王殿武; 杨坤; 杨文浩

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210881

1980—2020年永定河流域景观格局动态变化及驱动力分析

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210881

曹丽慧^{1, 2,},
郎琪^2, ,,
雷坤²,
王殿武¹,
杨坤²,
杨文浩²

1.
河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院
2.
中国环境科学研究院

基金项目: 国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项项目(2018ZX071-110-02)

详细信息

作者简介:
曹丽慧（1997—），男，硕士研究生，主要从事土壤养分资源与景观生态研究，caolihui1997@163.com

通讯作者:
郎琪（1988—），女，副研究员，主要从事流域水生态健康评估与生态退化机制研究，langqi1988@163.com

中图分类号: X522
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-29

Analysis on landscape pattern dynamics and driving force in Yongding River Basin from 1980 to 2020

CAO Lihui^{1, 2
,},
LANG Qi^{2
, ,},
LEI Kun²,
WANG Dianwu¹,
YANG Kun²,
YANG Wenhao²

1.
College of resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University
2.
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

摘要

摘要:
为研究高原—山区—平原—滨海生态要素梯级流动特性的流域景观格局动态变化规律，以永定河流域1980—2020年7期Landsat遥感影像为主要数据源，综合运用景观面积动态分析、景观格局指数和数理统计等方法分析了近40年来永定河流域景观格局演变特征，并揭示其驱动因子。结果表明：1）1980—2020年流域土地利用类型以耕地、林地、草地为主，面积占比约90%；近40年，耕地、草地面积分别减少1 376.38、463.42 m²，建设用地、林地面积增加，综合土地利用动态度在2015—2020年变化最大。2）在类型水平上，建设用地斑块破碎程度明显降低，其余用地类型变化不明显；景观水平上，香农多样性指数（SHDI）由1.29增至1.35，香农均匀度指数（SHEI）由0.67增至0.75，景观整体结构趋向复杂，异质性增加，团聚程度下降，景观破碎化加剧。3）流域景观格局变化受社会经济因素、自然因素和政策因素共同影响，其中社会经济发展为主要驱动力，经济发展和城乡人口结构变化是景观格局变化的主要驱动因子。
- 永定河流域 /
- 土地利用 /
- 景观格局 /
- 动态变化 /
- 驱动力
Abstract:
In order to study the dynamic change law of landscape pattern in the basin with the cascade flow characteristics of plateau-mountain-plain-coastal ecological elements, 7 Landsat remote sensing images of Yongding River Basin from 1980 to 2020 were taken as the main data source, and the evolution characteristics of landscape pattern in Yongding River Basin in recent 40 years were analyzed by comprehensively using the methods of landscape area dynamic analysis, landscape pattern index and mathematical statistics, and its driving factors were revealed. The results showed that: 1) From 1980 to 2020, Yongding River Basin was dominated by cultivated, forest and grass land, accounting for about 90%. The area of cultivated land and grassland had decreased by 1376.38 and 463.42 km² respectively in the recent 40 years, the area of construction land and forest land had increased, and the dynamic degree of comprehensive land use had changed the most from 2015 to 2020. 2) At the type level, the fragmentation degree of construction land patches had decreased significantly, while the changes of other land types were not obvious. At the landscape level, Shannon Diversity Index (SHDI) and Shannon Evenness Index (SHEI) had increased from 1.29 to 1.35 and 0.67 to 0.75, respectively; the overall landscape structure tended to be complex, the heterogeneity had increased, the degree of agglomeration had decreased, and the landscape fragmentation had been intensified. 3) The change of watershed landscape pattern was affected by socio-economic factors, natural factors and policy factors, in which socio-economic development was the main driving force, and economic development and the change of urban and rural population structure were the main driving factors of landscape pattern change.
- Yongding River Basin /
- land use /
- landscape pattern /
- dynamic change /
- driving factors

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图 1 研究区水系与地形

Figure 1. Rivers and topographic condition of the study area

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图 2 1980—2020年永定河流域各时期土地利用类型空间分布

Figure 2. Spatial distribution of land use types in Yongding River Basin in different periods from 1980 to 2020

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图 3 1980—2020年土地利用转移状况空间分布

Figure 3. Spatial distribution of land use change from 1980 to 2020

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图 4 永定河流域类型水平景观格局变化

Figure 4. Landscape pattern change of Yongding River Basin at type level

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图 5 1980—2018年研究区社会经济发展状况

Figure 5. Socio-economic development of the study area from 1980 to 2018

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图 6 1980—2018年研究区气候环境变化

Figure 6. Climate and environmental changes in the study area from 1980 to 2018

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表 1 景观指数的选取及作用

Table 1. Selection and function of landscape index

景观指数	在景观中的作用
斑块数量（NP）	反映斑块数量多少，NP增多景观破碎度升高，反之降低
斑块平均面积（MPS）	反映某一类型斑块平均面积，MPS增大，斑块破碎度降低
最大斑块指数（LPI）	反映最大斑块占景观面积比例，LPI大则景观破碎度降低，反之升高
相似临近百分比（PLADJ）	反映斑块类型在景观中的比例，若斑块类型达到最大程度散布，PLADJ最小
面积加权分维数 (FRAC_AM)	反映斑块形状的复杂性，FRAC_AM越靠近1，形状愈简单；越靠近2，形状愈复杂
斑块结合度指数（COHESION）	反映景观类型自然连接性，当斑块类型分布聚集，COHESION增加
蔓延度指数（CONTAG）	反映不同斑块间聚集和延展程度，高蔓延度表明景观类型连接性较好
散布并列指数（IJI）	反映各斑块类型间总体散布与并列情况，IJI增大，表明斑块分布趋向均匀，彼此临近
香农多样性指数（SHDI）	反映景观要素和景观要素所占比例变化，SHDI增大，表明景观系统中土地利用越丰富，破碎化程度越高
香农均匀度指数（SHEI）	SHEI趋近1，表明景观中没有优势类型，斑块分布均匀，有最大多样性

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表 2 永定河流域1980—2020年土地利用类型面积及占比

Table 2. Area and proportion of land use types in Yongding River Basin from 1980 to 2020

年份	耕地		林地		草地		水域		建设用地		未利用地
年份	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%
1980	21 865.03	45.15	10 246.76	21.16	12 572.69	25.96	992.83	2.05	2 553.97	5.27	193.38	0.40
1995	21 633.54	44.67	10 006.25	20.66	12 706.60	26.24	999.40	2.06	2 880.88	5.95	197.99	0.41
2000	21 624.57	44.66	10 005.20	20.66	12 699.58	26.23	996.72	2.06	2 901.31	5.99	197.11	0.41
2005	21 342.21	44.07	10 013.84	20.68	12 771.83	26.37	927.51	1.92	3 153.00	6.51	216.11	0.45
2010	21 378.63	44.16	10 219.62	21.11	12 736.52	26.31	850.38	1.76	3 026.38	6.25	196.60	0.41
2015	20 879.30	43.12	10 175.77	21.01	12 763.13	26.36	915.99	1.89	3 485.53	7.20	205.17	0.42
2020	20 488.65	42.31	10 619.04	21.93	12 109.27	25.01	882.59	1.82	4 163.95	8.60	161.43	0.33

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表 3 1980—2020年永定河流域土地利用转移矩阵

Table 3. Land use transfer matrix of Yongding River Basin from 1980 to 2020

土地利用类型	耕地	林地	草地	水域	建设用地	未利用地	2020年合计
耕地	19 466.02	504.32	442.24	103.52	1 331.21	19.01	21 866.32
林地	231.01	9 495.23	365.25	16.22	136.13	1.02	10 244.86
草地	483.56	580.65	11 206.33	29.35	257.32	14.21	12 571.42
水域	135.33	22.02	44.18	722.56	52.21	16.32	992.62
建设用地	126.54	10.23	30.22	10.85	2 378.54	0.00	2 556.38
未利用地	43.01	6.24	20.13	2.02	10.11	111.02	192.53
1980年合计	20 485.47	10 618.69	12 108.35	884.52	4 165.52	161.58	48 424.13

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表 4 永定河流域1980—2020年土地利用动态度变化

Table 4. Dynamic degree change of land use in Yongding River Basin from 1980 to 2020 %　

年份区间	单一土地利用动态度						综合土地利用动态度
年份区间	耕地	林地	草地	水域	建设用地	未利用地	综合土地利用动态度
1980—1995	−0.07	−0.16	0.07	0.04	0.85	0.16	0.06
1995—2000	−0.01	0.00	−0.01	−0.05	0.14	−0.09	0.01
2000—2005	−0.26	0.02	0.11	−1.39	1.73	1.93	0.15
2005—2010	0.03	0.41	−0.06	1.66	−0.80	−1.81	0.10
2010—2015	−0.47	−0.09	0.04	1.54	3.03	0.87	0.23
2015—2020	−0.37	0.87	−1.02	−0.73	3.89	−4.26	0.46

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表 5 永定河流域景观水平景观格局指数

Table 5. Landscape pattern index of Yongding River Basin at landscape level

年份	LPI/%	IJI/%	CONTAG/%	SHDI	SHEI
1980	7.14	57.90	60.47	1.29	0.67
1995	7.09	57.92	60.19	1.31	0.67
2000	7.08	57.92	60.17	1.31	0.67
2005	7.09	58.03	59.99	1.32	0.68
2010	6.92	56.97	60.31	1.31	0.67
2015	6.89	65.67	56.18	1.33	0.74
2020	6.67	66.33	55.86	1.35	0.75

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表 6 旋转后主成分因子载荷

Table 6. Principal component factor load after rotation

指标因子	人均GDP	GDP	第三产业产值	第二产业产值	第一产业产值	城镇人口	农村人口	年蒸发量	人口总数	年均气温	相对湿度	年均降水量
主成分1	0.997	0.994	0.985	0.978	0.969	0.959	−0.944	−0.926	0.828	0.801	−0.119	0.276
主成分2	0.022	0.042	0.006	0.080	0.227	0.177	0.168	−0.088	0.326	0.340	0.680	0.648

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