城市绿地及其溢出效应对PM<sub>2.5</sub>浓度影响研究

王丽宸; 董冬; 顾康康; 罗毅

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210866

城市绿地及其溢出效应对PM_2.5浓度影响研究—以合肥市主城区为例

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210866

王丽宸^{1, 2,},
董冬^{1, 2},
顾康康^{1, 2, ,},
罗毅¹

1.
安徽建筑大学建筑与规划学院
2.
安徽省国土空间规划与生态研究院

基金项目: 安徽省自然科学基金项目（2008085QC132）；安徽省高等学校科学研究重点项目（2022AH050244）；安徽建筑大学引进人才（博士）科研启动项目（2020QDZ26）

详细信息

作者简介:
王丽宸（1996—），女，硕士研究生，主要从事城市规划与设计研究，wanglichen1996@163.com

通讯作者:
顾康康（1982—），男，教授，博士，主要从事城乡生态规划研究，kangkanggu@163.com

中图分类号: X513
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-29

Study on the influence of urban green space and its spillover effect on PM_2.5 concentration: a case of urban districts of Hefei City

WANG Lichen^{1, 2
,},
DONG Dong^{1, 2},
GU Kangkang^{1, 2
, ,},
LUO Yi¹

1.
School of Architecture & Planning, Anhui Jianzhu University
2.
Anhui Academy of Territory Spacial Planning & Ecology

摘要

摘要:
为探究城市绿地及其溢出效应对 PM_2.5 浓度的影响，利用2018年合肥市主城区的遥感影像和PM_2.5栅格数据，通过PM_2.5浓度空间分布自相关分析将城市划分为HH（high-high）效应区、LL（low-low）效应区和无明显效应区3个区域。根据绿地解译和筛选得到研究绿地，通过ArcGIS软件对PM_2.5栅格数据进行空间统计，并利用SPSS软件进行相关分析和回归分析。结果表明：不同区域绿地的溢出效应对PM_2.5浓度的影响不同，在HH效应区内随距离增加PM_2.5平均浓度减小，在LL效应区内随距离增加PM_2.5平均浓度增加；不同区域绿地指标对PM_2.5浓度变化的影响效应不同，在LL效应区归一化植被指数（NDVI_g）对PM_2.5浓度变化影响最大，在HH效应区和无明显效应区绿地面积指数（S_g）对PM_2.5浓度变化影响最大。
- PM_2.5 /
- 城市绿地 /
- 溢出效应 /
- 绿地指标 /
- 合肥市
Abstract:
Fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) has been paid more and more attention because of its negative effect on human health. Previous studies have shown that green space has an effect on PM_2.5 concentration, but it is not clear whether this effect correlates with the spatial distribution of PM_2.5 concentration. In addition, most of these studies focus on the change of PM_2.5 concentration in the interior of green space, and there is little research on the spillover effect of green space. Based on the 2018 remote sensing images and PM_2.5 raster data of urban districts in Hefei, the study area was divided into three regions, namely HH (High-High) effect area, LL (Low-Low) effect area and insignificant effect area through autocorrelation analysis of the spatial distribution of PM_2.5concentration. According to the interpretation and selection of the green space, the research green spaces were obtained, PM_2.5 raster data were statistically analyzed by ArcGIS, and the correlation analysis and regression analysis were carried out by SPSS. The results showed that the spillover effect of green spaces in different regions had different effects on PM_2.5 concentration. In HH effect area, the average concentration of PM_2.5 decreased with the increase of the distance from the green spaces, but it increased in LL effect area. The effect of green space index on the variation of PM_2.5 concentration was different in different regions, NDVI_g had the greatest effect on PM_2.5 concentration in LL effect area, while S_g had the greatest effect on PM_2.5 concentration in HH effect area and insignificant effect area.
- PM_2.5 /
- urban green space /
- spillover effect /
- green space index /
- Hefei City

HTML全文

图 1 合肥市主城区PM_2.5浓度空间分布

Figure 1. Spatial distribution of PM_2.5 in major urban districts of Hefei

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图 2 合肥市主城区PM_2.5浓度自相关分析

Figure 2. Autocorrelation analysis of PM_2.5 in the main urban districts of Hefei

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图 3 不同PM_2.5效应区绿地分布情况

Figure 3. Distribution of green spaces in different PM_2.5 effect areas

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图 4 不同区域绿地外围PM_2.5平均浓度变化曲线

Figure 4. Variation curves of average concentration of PM_2.5 outside green spaces in different areas

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表 1 绿地空间形态与景观构成指标

Table 1. Spatial form and landscape component index of green space

类别	指标	计算公式	单位	取值
空间形态	面积指数（S_g）	S_g=A_g/10 000	hm²	>0
	周长指数（C_g）	C_g=P_g	m	>0
	形状指数（LSI_g）	LSI_g=0.25P_g/A_g^1/2		≥1
	分维数（FDI_g）	FDI_g=2ln(P_g/k)/ln A_g		1~2
	近圆形形状指数（RCC_g）	RCC_g=1−A_g/A_g'		0~1
景观构成	归一化植被指数（NDVI_g）	NDVI_g=(NIR−R)/ (NIR+R)		0~1
景观构成	水体面积占比（PW_g）	PW_g=A_w/A_g		0~1
注：A_g为绿地面积，m²；P_g为绿地周长，m；k为常数；A_g'为最小外接圆面积，m²；A_w为水面面积，m²；NIR为红外波段的像素值；R为红光波段的像素值。

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表 2 不同区域绿地数量

Table 2. Amount of green space in different areas

PM_2.5效应区	绿地编号	绿地数量/块
HH效应区	2、3、4、6、14、15、16	7
LL效应区	8、9、10、11、18	5
无明显效应区	1、5、7、12、13、17	6
注：各绿地面积大于4 hm²。

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表 3 距离与绿地外围PM_2.5平均浓度相关性分析

Table 3. Correlation analysis between distance and average concentration of PM_2.5 outside green spaces

HH 效应区	绿地2	绿地3	绿地4	绿地6	绿地14	绿地15	绿地16
HH 效应区	−0.461	−0.971^**	−0.792^**	−0.981^**	−0.997^**	−0.996^**	−0.994^**

LL 效应区	绿地8	绿地9	绿地10	绿地11	绿地18
LL 效应区	0.996^**	0.999^**	0.907^**	0.985^**	0.783^**

无明显效应区	绿地1	绿地5	绿地7	绿地12	绿地13	绿地17
无明显效应区	0.999^**	0.998^**	−0.748^*	1.000^**	−0.979^**	0.999^**
注：*表示在0.01水平（双侧）显著相关；表示在0.05水平（双侧）显著相关。

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表 4 绿地指标与PM_2.5浓度变化的相关性

Table 4. Correlation between green space index and PM_2.5 concentration

效应区		S_g	C_g	LSI_g	FDI_g	RCC_g	NDVI_g	PW_g
HH 效应区	内部	0.916^**	0.895^**	0.021	−0.114	−0.165	0.125	−0.449
HH 效应区	外围	0.904^**	0.918^**	0.246	0.114	−0.081	0.207	−0.404
LL 效应区	内部	0.292	0.318	−0.151	−0.232	0.308	−0.340	−0.879
LL 效应区	外围	0.341	0.388	−0.038	−0.139	0.270	−0.444	−0.362
无明显效应区	内部	−0.846^*	−0.962^**	−0.331	−0.163	−0.119	−0.266	0.895
无明显效应区	外围	−0.756	−0.830^*	−0.224	−0.071	−0.132	−0.187	0.894
注：同表3。

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表 5 PM_2.5浓度影响因素相关性分析

Table 5. Correlation analysis of influencing factors of PM_2.5 concentration

影响因素	S_g	C_g	LSI_g	FDI_g	RCC_g	NDVI_g
C_g	0.820^**
LSI_g	−0.059	0.375
FDI_g	−0.233	0.114	0.948^**
RCC_g	−0.321	−0.055	0.574^*	0.608^**
NDVI_g	0.015	−0.199	−0.005	0.136	0.338
PW_g	−0.226	−0.177	−0.133	−0.125	−0.338	−0731^**
注：同表3。

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表 6 PM_2.5浓度变化量与各影响因素最适模型

Table 6. Optimum model of PM_2.5 concentration variation and influencing factors

效应区		最适模型
HH效应区	内部	Y₁=−0.010+0.002S_g−0.091LSI_g+0.860NDVI_g
HH效应区	外部	Y₂=−0.139+0.001S_g+0.044LSI_g+0.594NDVI_g
LL效应区	内部	Y₃=0.237−0.001S_g−0.025LSI_g−1.015NDVI_g
LL效应区	外部	Y₄=0.258−0.001S_g+0.031LSI_g−1.397NDVI_g
无明显效应区	内部	Y₅=0.135−0.000 253S_g−0.129LSI_g+0.153NDVI
无明显效应区	外部	Y₆=−0.002−0.000 101S_g−0.037LSI_g+0.206NDVI_g

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