青岛市冬季正构烷烃污染特征及来源解析

温会英; 王少博; 张敬巧; 刘锐泽; 郭天锋; 王涵; 张文杰; 王淑兰

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210862

青岛市冬季正构烷烃污染特征及来源解析

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210862

中国环境科学研究院

基金项目: 大气重污染成因治理与攻关项目(DQGG0304)

详细信息

作者简介:
温会英（1997—），男，硕士，主要研究方向为大气颗粒物来源解析与控制，15909847634@163.com

通讯作者:
王淑兰（1964—），女，研究员，主要从事大气环境/污染成因及控制对策研究，wangsl@craes.org.cn

中图分类号: X51
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-24

Pollution characterization and source apportionment of n-alkanes during the winter in Qingdao City

Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

摘要

摘要:
为研究青岛市冬季大气PM_2.5中正构烷烃的浓度水平、分子组成以及来源，于2020年1月10—23日在青岛市崂山区采集城市地区大气PM_2.5样品，通过气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)进行定量分析得到26种正构烷烃，并对正构烷烃的污染特征及来源进行详细分析。结果表明：正构烷烃浓度为59.2~429.2 ng/m³，平均浓度为（230.9±111.7） ng/m³，其中正二十四烷烃是浓度最高的单体物种，浓度为49.63 ng/m³。依据GB 3095—2012《环境空气质量标准》PM_2.5二级浓度限值，采样期间分别有8天污染天和6天清洁天，污染天和清洁天正构烷烃的浓度分别为（283.7±93.6）和（160.5±82.1） ng/m³。污染天和清洁天正构烷烃碳数分布相似，主峰碳为C₂₂，次峰碳为C₂₄。污染天和清洁天正构烷烃的碳优势指数（CPI、CPI1和CPI2）分别为0.91、0.81、1.19和0.98、0.84、1.38，植物蜡贡献率分别为6.67%和19.31%，表明人为排放源是青岛市冬季正构烷烃的主要来源。主成分分析结果表明，青岛市冬季正构烷烃主要来自人为排放源（煤炭燃烧、车辆尾气排放），植物排放源的贡献较小。潜在源分析结果表明，正构烷烃主要来自西北方向的长距离传输，低碳数正构烷烃和高碳数正构烷烃的潜在源分布基本一致。
- 正构烷烃 /
- 青岛 /
- PM_2.5 /
- 来源解析
Abstract:
To investigate mass concentrations, molecular compositions and sources of n-alkanes in PM_2.5in Qingdao during the winter, PM_2.5samples were collected from Laoshan District, Qingdao from January 10 to 23, 2020. Twenty-six kinds of n-alkanes (C₁₁-C₃₆) were determined through quantitative analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the pollution characteristics and sources of n-alkanes were analyzed in detail. The results showed that the concentration of total n-alkanes was （230.9±111.7）ng/m³, with the average concentration ranging from 59.2-429.2 ng/m³. C₂₄was the monomer species with the highest concentration, which concentration was 49.63 ng/m³. According to the secondary concentration limit of PM_2.5 of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards of China (NAAQS), the sampling period was divided into 8 polluted days and 6 clean days. The concentrations of n-alkanes on polluted and clean days were (283.7±93.6) ng/m³ and (160.5±82.1) ng/m³, respectively. The carbon number distribution of n-alkanes on polluted days and clean days was similar. The main peak carbon (C_max₎ was C₂₂ and the secondary peak carbon was C₂₄. CPI, CPI1 and CPI2 values of n-alkanes on polluted and clean days were 0.91, 0.81, 1.19 and 0.98, 0.84, 1.38, respectively, and %WaxC_n was 6.67% and 19.31%, respectively, indicating that anthropogenic emissions were the main source of n-alkanes in Qingdao during the winter. Principal component analysis (PCA) results showed that the n-alkanes in Qingdao during the winter mainly came from anthropogenic emission sources (coal combustion, vehicle exhaust emissions), and the contribution of plant emission sources was small. The potential source analysis results showed that the potential source distributions of low carbon number n-alkanes and high carbon number n-alkanes were basically the same, mainly from the long-distance transmission in the northwest direction.
- n-alkanes /
- Qingdao /
- PM_2.5 /
- source apportionment

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图 1 青岛市采样点位置

Figure 1. Location of sampling site in Qingdao

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图 2 采样期间青岛市气象要素与PM_2.5浓度时间变化特征

Figure 2. Temporal variation characteristics of meteorological elements and concentration of PM_2.5 during the sampling period in Qingdao

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图 3 采样期间正构烷烃在清洁天和污染天的浓度变化特征

Figure 3. Concentration variation characteristics of n-alkanes on polluted days during the sampling period

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图 4 采样期间污染天碳数分布

Figure 4. Carbon number distribution on polluted days during the sampling period

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图 5 污染天和清洁天的CPI、CPI1和CPI2

Figure 5. Values of CPI、CPI1 and CPI2 on polluted and clean days

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图 6 气流后向轨迹聚类分析

Figure 6. Cluster analysis of airflow backwardtrajectories

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图 7 青岛市采样期间LMW和HMW的CWT分析结果

Figure 7. CWT analysis results of LMW and HMW during sampling period in Qingdao

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表 1 青岛市冬季采样期间正构烷烃主成分分析

Table 1. Principal component analysis of n-alkanes during winter sampling in Qingdao

项目	主成分1	主成分2	主成分3	主成分4
C₁₁	0.874	0.378	−0.020	0.268
C₁₂	0.840	0.394	0.001	0.060
C₁₃	0.804	0.185	−0.478	0.120
C₁₄	0.902	−0.055	−0.373	−0.175
C₁₅	0.975	−0.058	−0.028	−0.167
C₁₆	0.966	−0.094	0.058	−0.152
C₁₇	0.837	−0.221	0.441	0.141
C₁₈	0.763	0.065	−0.348	0.512
C₁₉	0.770	−0.100	−0.326	0.520
C₂₀	0.989	0.088	−0.015	−0.080
C₂₁	0.995	−0.078	−0.014	−0.044
C₂₂	0.930	−0.170	−0.220	−0.223
C₂₃	0.926	−0.098	−0.250	−0.247
C₂₄	0.913	−0.205	0.311	−0.035
C₂₅	0.868	0.028	0.453	0.099
C₂₆	0.976	0.010	0.115	−0.155
C₂₇	0.968	0.016	−0.247	0.010
C₂₈	0.963	0.065	0.096	−0.237
C₂₉	0.914	0.109	0.278	−0.232
C₃₀	0.234	0.543	0.529	0.411
C₃₁	0.427	−0.481	0.161	0.698
C₃₂	−0.203	0.935	−0.122	0.127
C₃₃	0.260	0.699	0.627	−0.115
C₃₄	−0.631	0.563	−0.207	0.038
C₃₅	−0.051	−0.314	0.216	−0.196
贡献率/%	63.3	13.5	8.6	6.8
累计贡献率/%	63.3	76.8	85.4	92.2
注：黑色字体为大于0.5的数据。

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