北京市城市生活垃圾处理温室气体排放特征及减排策略

刘春红; 郝学军; 刘枫

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210820

北京市城市生活垃圾处理温室气体排放特征及减排策略

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210820

1.
北京市科学技术研究院资源环境研究所
2.
北京建筑大学环境与能源学院

详细信息

作者简介:
刘春红（1974—），女，工程师，主要研究方向为固体废物管理及资源化，liepi_liu@163.com

中图分类号: X799.3
计量
- 文章访问数: 311
- HTML全文浏览量: 324
- PDF下载量: 55
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-11

Greenhouse gas emission characteristics and emission reduction strategies of municipal solid waste treatment in Beijing

1.
Institute of Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology
2.
School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture

摘要

摘要:
根据《IPCC国家温室气体清单指南》和《省级温室气体清单编制指南》方法，建立北京市3种生活垃圾处理方式温室气体排放清单，测算2010—2019年不同生活垃圾处理方式下温室气体CH₄、CO₂、N₂O排放量，分析CO₂排放量随时间变化特征，并基于此提出碳减排策略。结果表明：1）2010—2019年北京市生活垃圾处理温室气体的排放量总体呈先增后减的趋势，且变动幅度减缓，2019年达到最低水平，这主要与近年来北京市生活垃圾处理方式从以卫生填埋为主转变为以焚烧为主有关。2）2018年北京市生活垃圾焚烧量已超过填埋量，而垃圾焚烧处理CO₂排放量远低于填埋处理，表明焚烧处理方式CO₂排放强度低于填埋处理。3）生活垃圾处理温室气体排放量与垃圾处理方式及处理量密切相关，随着生活垃圾产生量的日益增加，建议在生活垃圾管理全过程加强垃圾精细化分类，推进源头减量；合理开展垃圾处理设施的建设，优化垃圾收运系统，防止垃圾处理二次污染，探索适合我国城市生活垃圾处理低碳优化模式。
- 城市生活垃圾 /
- 温室气体 /
- CO₂排放当量 /
- 减排策略
Abstract:
Guided by IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and Guidelines for the Preparation of Provincial Greenhouse Gas List, the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission list of three municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment methods in Beijing was established, the GHG emissions of CH₄, CO₂ and N₂O under different MSW treatment methods in 2010-2019 were calculated, the variation characteristics of CO₂ emissions over time were analyzed, and carbon emission reduction strategies were put forward. The results showed that: 1) From 2010 to 2019, the GHG emissions from MSW treatment in Beijing generally increased first and then reduced, and the change range had slowed down. In 2019, it reached the lowest level in 10 years, which was mainly related to the change of waste treatment from landfill to incineration in Beijing in recent years. 2) In 2018, the incineration amount of MSW exceeded the landfill amount in Beijing, and the CO₂ emissions of MSW incineration treatment were much lower than that of landfill treatment, indicating that the CO₂ emission intensity of incineration treatment was lower than that of landfill treatment. 3) The GHG emission of MSW treatment was closely related to the garbage treatment methods and treatment amount. With the increasing production of MSW, it was suggested to strengthen waste fine classification in the whole process of MSW management and promote source reduction, carry out the construction of waste treatment facilities reasonably, optimize the waste collection and transportation system, prevent the secondary pollution of waste treatment, and explore a low-carbon optimization model suitable for China's MSW treatment.
- municipal solid waste (MSW) /
- greenhouse gas /
- CO₂ equivalent of emission /
- emission reduction strategy

HTML全文

图 1 我国城市生活垃圾不同处理方式的处理量变化

Figure 1. Change of MSW treatment capacity of different treatment methods in China

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 2010—2019年北京市城市生活垃圾产生量、处理量及处理率

Figure 2. Generation, treatment capacity and treatment rate of MSW in Beijing in 2010-2019

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 2010—2019年北京市生活垃圾3种处理方式的处理量变化

Figure 3. Treatment capacity of the three MSW treatment methods in Beijing from 2010 to 2019

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 2019年北京市生活垃圾3种处理方式的处理量占比

Figure 4. Proportion of treatment capacity of three MSW treatment methods in Beijing in 2019

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 2010—2019年北京市生活垃圾处理设施数量变化

Figure 5. Variation of the number of MSW treatment facilities in Beijing in 2010-2019

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 2010—2019年北京市生活垃圾卫生填埋CH₄排放量变化

Figure 6. Trends of CH₄ emissions from MSW landfills in Beijing in 2010-2019

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 2010—2019年北京市生活垃圾焚烧CO₂排放量变化

Figure 7. Trend of CO₂ emissions from MSW incineration in Beijing in 2010-2019

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 2010—2019年北京市生活垃圾堆肥CH₄、N₂O排放量变化

Figure 8. Trend of CH₄ and N₂O emissions from MSW composting in Beijing in 2010-2019

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 2010—2019年北京市生活垃圾处理CO₂的排放量

Figure 9. CO₂ emissions from MSW treatment in Beijing in 2010-2019

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 2010—2019年北京市生活垃圾的人均日产生量

Table 1. Daily production of MSW per capita in Beijing in 2010-2019 kg/(人·d)

2010年	2011年	2012年	2013年	2014年	2015年	2016年	2017年	2018年	2019年
0.887	0.861	0.858	0.870	0.934	0.998	1.100	1.167	1.240	1.286

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 2010—2019年北京市生活垃圾的物理组分占比

Table 2. Proportion of physical components of MSW in Beijing in 2010-2019 %

年份	厨余垃圾	塑料	纸类	纺织	木竹	数据来源
2010	65.98	12.33	11.02	1.51	3.81	文献[9]
2011	58.96	16.78	15.87	1.34	2.5	文献[10]
2012	53.96	18.67	17.64	1.55	3.08	文献[10]
2013	54.58	18.20	18.4	1.15	2.78	文献[11]
2014	53.89	18.70	17.67	1.05	3.08	文献[11]
2015	53.22	19.59	19.6	0.72	2.83	文献[11]
2016	58.59	16.43	17.94	1.63	0.495	文献[12]
2018	50.65	21.62	20.98	0.47	3.53	文献[13]
注：缺少2017年和2019年的数据。

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 2010—2019年北京市焚烧垃圾中矿物碳占比

Table 3. Proportion of mineral carbon in waste incineration in Beijing in 2010-2019 %

2010年	2011年	2012年	2013年	2014年	2015年	2016年	2017年	2018年	2019年
31.7	37.2	38.0	37.0	37.7	38.6	34.5	37.0	41.1	37.0

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(19)

[1]	邹琼, 付君哲, 杨丽琼, 等.云南省城市生活垃圾处理温室气体排放特征[J]. 资源开发与市场,2021,37(2):141-145. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-8141.2021.02.003 ZOU Q, FU J Z, YANG L Q, et al. Profile of greenhouse gases emissions from urban domestic solid waste disposal in Yunnan Province[J]. Resource Development & Market,2021,37(2):141-145. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-8141.2021.02.003
[2]	唐伟, 郑思伟, 何平, 等.杭州市城市生活垃圾处理主要温室气体及VOCs排放特征[J]. 环境科学研究,2018,31(11):1883-1890. TANG W, ZHENG S W, HE P, et al. Characteristics of main greenhouse gas and VOCs emissions from municipal solid waste disposal in Hangzhou City[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2018,31(11):1883-1890.
[3]	潘玲阳, 叶红, 黄少鹏, 等.北京市生活垃圾处理的温室气体排放变化分析[J]. 环境科学与技术,2010,33(9):116-124. PAN L Y, YE H, HUANG S P, et al. Greenhouse gas emission from municipal solid waste treatment in Beijing[J]. Environmental Science & Technology,2010,33(9):116-124.
[4]	国家统计局. 中国统计年鉴[M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2016.
[5]	马占云, 高庆先, 瞿思佳. 城市生活垃圾填埋处理甲烷排放关键排放因子研究[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2018.
[6]	李红, 高平.城市生活垃圾污染危害防治及利用[J]. 黑龙江环境通报,2005,29(2):81-82.
[7]	高庆先, 杜吴鹏, 卢士庆, 等.中国典型城市固体废物可降解有机碳含量的测定与研究[J]. 环境科学研究,2007,20(3):10-15. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-6929.2007.03.002 GAO Q X, DU W P, LU S Q, et al. The measurement and research of degradable organic carbon of municipal solid waste in China[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2007,20(3):10-15. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-6929.2007.03.002
[8]	张宪奇, 殷勤, 年跃刚, 等.北方干旱地区非正规垃圾填埋场堆体特征及环境影响分析[J]. 环境工程技术学报,2021,11(6):1210-1216. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210120 ZHANG X Q, YIN Q, NIAN Y G, et al. Waste pile property and environmental impact analysis of the informal landfill in northern arid areas[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2021,11(6):1210-1216. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210120
[9]	WANG H, WANG C M. Municipal solid waste management in Beijing: characteristics and challenges[J]. Waste Management & Research,2013,31(1):67-72.
[10]	李春芸. 北京市城区生活垃圾理化特性调查研究[D]. 北京: 北京工业大学, 2015.
[11]	王龙, 李颖.北京市生活垃圾焚烧发电厂温室气体排放及影响因素[J]. 环境工程学报,2017,11(12):6490-6496. doi: 10.12030/j.cjee.201705012 WANG L, LI Y. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and its influencing factors in Beijing municipal solid waste incineration power plant[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2017,11(12):6490-6496. doi: 10.12030/j.cjee.201705012
[12]	王桂琴, 张红玉, 王典, 等.北京市城区生活垃圾组成及特性分析[J]. 环境工程,2018,36(4):132-136. WANG G Q, ZHANG H Y, WANG D, et al. Physical composition and characteristics analysis of the municipai solid waste (MSW) in Beijing[J]. Environmental Engineering,2018,36(4):132-136.
[13]	程伟.北京城区和农村地区生活垃圾组成特性的对比分析[J]. 再生资源与循环经济,2020,13(1):17-22. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0912.2020.01.005 CHENG W. Comparative analysis of physical composition and characteristics of domestic waste in urban and rural areas of Beijing[J]. Recyclable Resources and Circular Economy,2020,13(1):17-22. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0912.2020.01.005
[14]	HANSEN J E, LACIS A A. Sun and dust versus greenhouse gases: an assessment of their relative roles in global climate change[J]. Nature,1990,346(6286):713-719. doi: 10.1038/346713a0
[15]	EGGLESTON S. IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories[M]. Kanagawa: IGES, 2006.
[16]	蔡博峰, 刘建国, 曾宪委, 等.基于排放源的中国城市垃圾填埋场甲烷排放研究[J]. 气候变化研究进展,2013,9(6):406-413. CAI B F, LIU J G, ZENG X W, et al. Estimation of CH₄ emissions from landfills in China based on point emission sources[J]. Progressus Inquisitiones DE Mutatione Climatis,2013,9(6):406-413.
[17]	仲璐, 胡洋, 王璐.城市生活垃圾的温室气体排放计算及减排思考[J]. 环境卫生工程,2019,27(5):45-48. ZHONG L, HU Y, WANG L. Calculation and reduction consideration of greenhouse gas emission of MSW[J]. Environmental Sanitation Engineering,2019,27(5):45-48.
[18]	国家发展和改革委员会. 省级温室气体清单编制指南(试行)[S/OL]. [2021-11-20]. http://www.ncsc.org.cn/SY/tjkhybg/202003/t20200319_769763.shtml.
[19]	雷钦平.炉排式生活垃圾焚烧炉技术及应用[J]. 重庆科技学院学报(社会科学版),2011(16):71-72. ◇