CO<sub>2</sub>催化转化催化剂研究现状

潘冠福; 麻媛媛; 徐定华; 杭晨哲; 刘扬

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210763

CO₂催化转化催化剂研究现状

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210763

中国计量科学研究院

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划重点专项课题（2021YFF0600602）

详细信息

作者简介:
潘冠福（1988—），男，副研究员，博士，主要从事催化燃烧、有机污染物处理等研究，pangf@nim.ac.cn

中图分类号: X511
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-24

Research status on catalyst of CO₂ catalytic conversion

National Institute of Metrology，China

摘要

摘要:
将CO₂通过催化反应转化为甲烷、甲醇、一氧化碳、甲酸、低碳烯烃和芳香烃等有价值化工原料是实现碳达峰和碳中和的重要手段。催化剂是转化过程的决定因素之一，开发高转化率和高选择性的催化剂仍是当前CO₂催化转化研究的重点内容。目前，采用的催化剂主要为贵金属催化剂和部分过渡态金属催化剂，同时部分非金属催化剂、新型催化剂和本体催化剂也具有良好的催化活性。转化产物分子结构的复杂化和非均相化程度越高，则CO₂催化转化的转化率和选择性越低。催化反应以热催化和光催化为主，反应条件的差异导致不同催化剂的性能可比性较差。因此，除开发高效催化剂外，建立规范化的CO₂催化转化评价方法也是未来研究的重点。
- CO₂ /
- 催化转化 /
- 催化剂 /
- 转化率 /
- 选择性
Abstract:
The catalytic conversion of CO₂ to valuable chemical materials such as methane, methanol, carbon monoxide, methanoic acid, light olefins, arene, and so on is an important way for the carbon peak and carbon neutrality. Catalyst is one of the decisive factors in the conversion process, so the development of new catalysts with high conversion rate and selectivity is still the focus of CO₂ catalytic conversion research. The catalysts currently used are mainly noble metal catalysts, with some parts being transition metal catalysts. Moreover, some nonmetal catalysts, new catalysts and bulk catalysts are also proven to have good catalytic performance. With the complexity and heterogeneity of converted products increasing, the conversion rate and selectivity of CO₂ catalytic conversion turns lower. The catalytic reaction mainly contains thermocatalytic and photocatalytic, and the differences of catalytic conditions lead to the poor comparability of the performance of different kinds of catalysts. As a result, establishing standardized evaluation methods for CO₂ catalytic conversion will also be the key research area besides developing high-performance catalysts.
- CO₂ /
- catalytic conversation /
- catalyst /
- conversion rate /
- selectivity

HTML全文

图 1 CO₂电子结构示意

Figure 1. Electron structure diagram of CO₂

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表 1 CO₂转化催化剂对比

Table 1. Comparison of catalysts for catalytic conversion of CO₂

产物	催化剂类型	催化剂	反应温度 /℃	转化率 /%	选择性 /%
甲烷	贵金属^[10]	Ni、Co、Pd和Ru掺杂的CeO₂、Rh/γ-Al₂O₃	450	55	99
	非贵金属^[15-16]	Ni/α-Al₂O₃、Ni/TiO₂、Ni/MgO、Ni-Al LDHs	250	70~100	99~100
	非金属^[46]	胺基功能化石墨烯量子点			50~63
甲醇	Cu基^[47-48]	Cu/ZnO/Al₂O₃、Cu/ZnO	260	95	70~98
	贵金属^[21-23]	Pd/ZnO、Pd/CeO₂、Au/ZnO	240		47.7
	In₂O₃基^[24]	Fe、Ru、Co、Rh、Ni、Pd和Pt掺杂In₂O₃	270~300	3.7~10	71~87
	新型催化剂^[49]	Ni_xGa_y	220		90~100
一氧化碳	贵金属^[27]	Pt/Au@Pd@UiO-66	300~400	7.3~35.3	70~100
一氧化碳	非贵金属^[29]	CuZn-BTC CP纳米棒	500	5	100
甲酸	异质化分子^[31]	UiO-66-P-BF₂
	纳米金属^[32]	NH₂-MIL-101(Cr)	242
	本体催化剂^[33]	Ru(Ⅱ)@JMS-1a	110		98.8
低碳烯烃	Fe基^[36,38]	Fe-MIL-88B、Fe/C	350	38.5	38.8
低碳烯烃	Zn基^[35]	ZnO-ZrO₂/SAPO-34、ZnO-ZrO₂/ZSM₅、ZnAl₂O₄│MOR	600	46	41.4
芳香烃	Zn基^[41-42]	ZnAlO_x与HZSM-5复合、ZnZrO/ZSM-5	320	9.1~14	73~73.9
芳香烃	Cr基^[43]	Cr₂O₃/HZSM-5	350	34.5	75.9

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