太湖湖滨带水向辐射带水生植物多样性及生境因子分析

蔡天祎; 叶春; 李春华; 魏伟伟; 朱琦

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210733

太湖湖滨带水向辐射带水生植物多样性及生境因子分析

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210733

蔡天祎^{1, 2,},
叶春^{1, 2, ,},
李春华^{1, 2},
魏伟伟^{1, 2},
朱琦^{1, 2}

1.
湖泊水污染治理与生态修复技术国家工程实验室, 中国环境科学研究院
2.
国家环境保护湖泊污染控制重点实验室, 中国环境科学研究院

基金项目: 国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07101-009)；生态空间管控技术转化推广项目(2020-JY-018)

详细信息

作者简介:
蔡天祎（1997—），女，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为湖泊水生态，cai_tianyi2021@163.com

通讯作者:
叶春（1970—），男，研究员，博士，主要研究方向为湖泊水生态，yechbj@163.com

中图分类号: X524,X173
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-22

Analysis on aquatic macrophyte diversity and environmental factors within the radiant belt toward lake of lake-terrestrial ecotone in Lake Taihu

CAI Tianyi^{1, 2
,},
YE Chun^{1, 2
, ,},
LI Chunhua^{1, 2},
WEI Weiwei^{1, 2},
ZHU Qi^{1, 2}

1.
National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
2.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

摘要

摘要:
水生植物是湖滨带水向辐射带的重要组成部分。基于2021年春季和夏季太湖湖滨带水向辐射带内水生植物调查结果，采用相关性分析和典范对应分析等方法，对水生植物分布及相应生境因子进行分析，探究其演变特征。结果表明：1）2次调查共记录太湖湖滨带水向辐射带内水生植物12种，分别属于7科9属，其中浮叶植物3种，沉水植物9种；2）相关性分析结果表明，春季水生植物群落的Alpha多样性指数与生境因子相关性不显著，夏季水生植物群落的Alpha多样性指数与水体溶解氧浓度呈极显著正相关，与透明度、透明度/水深（透明度和水深的比值）呈显著正相关，Shannon-Wiener指数、Margelef指数与总氮浓度呈显著负相关；3）典范对应分析结果表明，水体溶解氧浓度对调查结果的解释值最大，随后依次为透明度/水深以及水深。10个生境因子对水生植物分布的总解释值较低；4）与历史数据相比，本次调查结果的水生植物多样性降低且优势物种单一化，表明太湖湖滨带水向辐射带内水生植物群落结构和多样性水平受人类活动和环境因子影响较大。水生植物自然恢复周期较长，人为调控其群落结构和多样性是当前推动太湖水生植物恢复的关键。
- 太湖 /
- 水生植物 /
- 湖滨带 /
- 生境因子 /
- 典范对应分析
Abstract:
Aquatic macrophyte plays an important role in radiant belt toward lake of lake-terrestrial ecotone. Based on the survey data of aquatic macrophyte in radiant belt toward lake of lake-terrestrial ecotone in Lake Taihu during spring and summer in 2021, by means of correlation analysis and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), the analysis on the distribution of aquatic macrophyte and environmental factors were carried out and their evolution characteristics were explored. The results showed that: 1) A total of 12 species of aquatic macrophyte were collected in radiant belt toward lake of lake-terrestrial ecotone of Taihu Lake in the two surveys, which belonged to 7 families and 9 genera respectively and included 3 species of floating-leaved macrophyte and 9 species of submerged macrophyte. 2) The results of correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between Alpha diversity index of aquatic macrophyte community and environmental factors in spring, while there was an obvious significant positive correlation between Alpha diversity index and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in summer, and also a significant positive correlation with transparency and the ratio of transparency to water depth. Shannon Wiener index and Margelef index had a significant negative correlation with total nitrogen concentration. 3) The CCA results showed that the DO concentration in the water body had the largest interpretation value for the survey results, followed by the ratio of transparency to water depth and water depth. The total interpretation value of 10 environmental factors of distribution of aquatic macrophyte was relatively low. 4) In contrast with prior research, the aquatic macrophyte diversity obtained was low and the dominant species were homogeneous, indicating that the structure and diversity level of the aquatic macrophyte community in radiant belt toward lake were strongly influenced by human activities and environmental factors. For the long natural recovery process, anthropogenic control in community structure and diversity was urgently needed as a key to promote the recovery of aquatic macrophytes in Lake Taihu.
- Lake Taihu /
- aquatic macrophyte /
- lake-terrestrial ecotone /
- environmental factors /
- canonical correspondence analysis （CCA）

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图 1 太湖湖滨带水向辐射带水生植物采样点示意

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of sampling points in radiant belt toward lake of lake-terrestrial ecotone in Lake Taihu

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图 2 不同季节水向辐射带水生植物群落的Alpha多样性指数特征

Figure 2. Alpha diversity index of aquatic macrophyte within radiant belt toward lake in different seasons

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图 3 太湖湖滨带水向辐射带内水生植物与生境因子的排序

Figure 3. Sorting of aquatic macrophyte and environmental factors within radiant belt toward lake of lake-terrestrial ecotone in Lake Taihu

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图 4 太湖湖滨带水向辐射带内水生植物物种数变化

Figure 4. Changes in species of aquatic macrophyte within radiant belt toward lake of lake-terrestrial ecotone in Lake Taihu

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表 1 太湖湖滨带水向辐射带水生植物调查结果

Table 1. Survey data of aquatic macrophyte within radiant belt toward lake of lake-terrestrial ecotone in Lake Taihu

科	属	种	生态型	春季结果	夏季结果
龙胆科	莕菜属	荇菜(Nymphoieds peltatum)	浮叶	+	+
龙胆科	莕菜属	金银莲花(Nymphoieds indica)	浮叶		+
菱科	菱属	细果野菱(Trapa maximowiczii)	浮叶	*	+
眼子菜科	眼子菜属	菹草(Potamogeton crispus)	沉水	+	+
	眼子菜属	马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malainus）	沉水	+	+
	眼子菜属	微齿眼子菜（Potamogeton maackianus）	沉水	+	+
小二仙草科	狐尾藻属	穗花狐尾藻（Myriophyllum spicatum）	沉水	+	+
金鱼藻科	金鱼藻属	金鱼藻（Ceratophyllum demersum）	沉水	+	+
水鳖科	黑藻属	轮叶黑藻（Hydirlla verticillata）	沉水	+	+
	苦草属	苦草(Vallisneria natans)	沉水	+	+
	水蕴藻属	伊乐藻(Elodea nuttali)	沉水	+	+
茨藻科	茨藻属	大茨藻(Najas marina)	沉水		+
注：+为采集到；*为细果野菱在春季调查时只见果实，由于数量较多（密度>10个/m²），故仍记为采集到细果野菱。

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表 2 不同湖区水向辐射带水生植物群落的Alpha多样性指数特征

Table 2. Alpha diversity index of aquatic macrophyte community within radiant belt toward lake in different lake areas

湖区	D		H		d
湖区	数值	CV/%	数值	CV/%	数值	CV/%
贡湖东部沿岸区东太湖	0.56±0.12 0.61±0.12 0.65±0.17	21.43 19.67 26.15	0.96±0.23 1.07±0.34 1.09±0.33	23.96 31.77 30.28	0.62±0.15 0.81±0.31 1.11±0.48	24.19 38.27 43.24
注：表中D、H、d数值为mean±sd。

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表 3 2次调查主要生境因子数据统计

Table 3. Data statistics of main environmental factors in 2 field surveys mg/L　

季节		COD_Mn	NH₄ ⁺-N浓度	TN浓度	TP浓度
春季	最大值	14.67	2.86	7.35	0.13
	最小值	1.47	0.29	0.43	0.02
	平均值	5.67	0.56	1.36	0.04
夏季	最大值	19.17	2.86	7.46	0.48
	最小值	3.73	0.01	0.24	0.01
	平均值	8.92	0.36	1.78	0.04

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表 4 春季、夏季水生植物群落的Alpha多样性指数与生境因子相关性分析结果

Table 4. Correlation analysis between Alpha diversity indexes of aquatic macrophyte community and environmental factors during spring and summer

季节	Alpha多样性指数	pH	DO	水深	透明度	透明度/水深	COD_Mn	NH₄ ⁺-N	NO₃ ⁻-N	TN	TP
春季	D	0.62	0.72	0.36	0.46	0.17	−0.53	−0.18	−0.09	−0.36	−0.46
	H	0.56	0.74	0.55	0.63	0.35	−0.44	−0.17	−0.14	−0.48	−0.51
	d	0.50	0.52	0.57	0.65	0.46	−0.42	0.01	−0.38	−0.68	−0.26
夏季	D	0.19	0.92**	0.07	0.55*	0.56*	0.04	−0.17	−0.1	−0.36	0.14
	H	0.28	0.94**	0.12	0.59*	0.59*	0.07	−0.28	−0.25	−0.54*	0.24
	d	0.31	0.88**	0.10	0.59*	0.58*	0.15	−0.25	−0.27	−0.55*	0.35
注：表示相关性显著（P<0.05）； *表示相关性极显著（P<0.01）。

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表 5 太湖湖滨带水向辐射带内水生植物与生境因子的CCA排序分析参数

Table 5. Parameters of CCA sorting analysis of aquatic macrophyte and environmental factors within radiant belt toward lake of lake-terrestrial ecotone in Lake Taihu

统计轴	特征值	物种数据方差/%	物种-环境相关性	物种-环境关系/%
第1轴	0.385 4	12.58	0.824 1	50.50
第2轴	0.123 1	16.60	0.634 4	66.63
第3轴	0.099 9	19.86	0.561 7	79.72
第4轴	0.091 0	22.83	0.557 0	91.64

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