黄石市大冶湖水质变化趋势及成因分析

刘芫; 刘蓬; 刘琳; 张冬萍; 吴盛岚; 刘胜山; 李海波

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210680

黄石市大冶湖水质变化趋势及成因分析

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210680

刘芫^1,,
刘蓬²,
刘琳³,
张冬萍¹,
吴盛岚¹,
刘胜山¹,
李海波^1, ,

1.
湖北大学资源环境学院
2.
黄石市生态环境局
3.
武昌理工学院

基金项目: 长江生态环境保护修复联合研究项目（第一期）（2019-LHYJ-01-0208-22）；黄石市重点流域水生态环境保护“十四五”规划项目（2020-SST01）；大冶湖磁湖水污染防治规划专项（20191126）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘芫（1997—），女，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为水污染治理，976956638@qq.com

通讯作者:
李海波（1964—），男，教授，主要研究方向为环境污染控制与生态修复，Lhb@hubu.edu.cn

中图分类号: X524
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-14
- 网络出版日期: 2022-04-02

Variation trend and cause analysis of water quality in Daye Lake of Huangshi City

1.
Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University
2.
Huangshi Ecology and Environment Bureau
3.
Wuchang University of Technology

摘要

摘要: 大冶湖作为一条重要的长江支流，其水生态保护和修复对于长江大保护具有重要现实意义。以2015—2020年大冶湖3个常规监测断面溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量、氨氮、总氮（TN)和总磷（TP）数据为基础进行水质评价，分析其水质变化趋势，探讨其水生态环境问题，并提出修复治理措施。结果表明：大冶湖近6年水质总体稳定，介于GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅳ类~Ⅴ类，水体处于轻度富营养状态并有逐步上升的趋势，TN、TP是大冶湖特征污染因子；湖滨缓冲带被侵占、农业农村面源污染突出、城乡污水收集处理设施相对滞后、生活污水处理厂尾水直排入湖是影响大冶湖水质的主要原因；退垸还湖，推进农业农村面源污染治理，完善污水处理厂尾水生态湿地深度净化是下一步大冶湖生态修复和环境治理的重要工作。
- 大冶湖 /
- 水质变化 /
- 富营养化 /
- 生态修复
Abstract: As an important tributary of the Yangtze River, the protection and restoration of the water ecology of Daye Lake is of great practical significance to the Yangtze River Protection. Based on the water quality data of DO, COD_Mn, COD_Cr, NH₃-N, TN and TP in three conventional monitoring sections of Daye Lake from 2015 to 2020, the water quality was evaluated and the changing trend of water quality was analyzed. The problems of water ecological environment were discussed, and the remediation measures were put forward. The main conclusions were as follows: The water quality of Daye Lake was generally stable in the past six years, which was between Ⅳ to Ⅴ grade of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002). The water body was in a state of mild eutrophication and had a gradual upward trend. TN and TP were the characteristic pollution factors of Daye Lake. The main reasons affecting the water quality of Daye Lake were the lack of lakeside buffer zone, the prominent non-point source pollution in agricultural and rural areas, the lag of sewage collection and treatment facilities in urban and rural areas, and the direct discharge of tailing water from domestic sewage treatment plants into the lake. The important work of ecological restoration and environmental treatment of Daye Lake in the future should include returning dikes to the lake, promoting the treatment of non-point source pollution in agricultural and rural areas, and improving the tailwater of the sewage treatment plant for deep purification of ecological wetlands.
- Daye Lake /
- water quality change /
- eutrophication /
- ecological restoration

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图 1 大冶湖监测断面示意

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of monitoring sections of Daye Lake

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 大冶湖3个断面主要污染因子年变化趋势

Figure 2. Annual variation trend of main pollution factors in three sections of Daye Lake

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图 3 2015—2020年大冶湖3个断面污染因子秩相关系数

Figure 3. Rank correlation coefficients of major pollution factors in three sections of Daye Lake from 2015 to 2020

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图 4 2015—2020年大冶湖2个断面营养状态变化趋势

Figure 4. Variation trends of eutrophication in two sections of Daye Lake from 2015 to 2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 大冶湖历史典型年代遥感影像叠加图

Figure 5. Overlay map of remote sensing images in typical historical years of Daye Lake

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表 1 各污染因子的权重

Table 1. Weight of each pollution factor

项目	类型	污染因子
项目	类型	COD_Mn	COD_Cr	NH₃-N	TN	TP
Ⅲ类水质标准/（mg/L）	河流型	6	20	1.0	1.0	0.2
Ⅲ类水质标准/（mg/L）	湖库型	6	20	1.0	1.0	0.05
ω_i	河流型	0.023	0.007	0.139	0.139	0.629
ω_i	湖库型	0.007 5	0.002 3	0.045 0	0.045 0	0.900 2

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表 2 改进的内梅罗污染指数划分的水质级别

Table 2. Water quality grades divided by improved Nemero pollution index

类型	水质类别
类型	Ⅰ类	Ⅱ类	Ⅲ类	Ⅳ类	Ⅴ类
河流型	<0.370	0.370~0.605	0.605~1.000	1.000~1.560	≥1.560
湖库型	<0.407	0.407~0.605	0.605~1.000	1.000~1.826	≥1.826

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表 3 各断面改进的内梅罗污染指数及水质评价结果

Table 3. Improved Nemero pollution index and water quality evaluation results of each section

监测时间	大冶湖闸		大冶湖大桥		磊山湖心
监测时间	P'	水质级别	P'	水质级别	P'	水质级别
2015年	0.712	Ⅲ	1.305	Ⅳ	1.220	Ⅳ
2016年	0.611	Ⅲ	1.237	Ⅳ	1.084	Ⅳ
2017年	1.464	Ⅳ	1.140	Ⅳ	0.920	Ⅲ
2018年	0.620	Ⅲ	2.282	Ⅴ	1.419	Ⅳ
2019年	0.605	Ⅲ	2.120	Ⅴ	1.346	Ⅳ
2020年	0.609	Ⅲ	1.329	Ⅳ	1.175	Ⅳ

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表 4 秩相关系数的临界值（W_p）

Table 4. Critical value of rank correlation coefficient (W_p)

N	W_p
N	显著水平（单侧检验）0.05	显著水平（单侧检验）0.1
5	0.900	1.000
6	0.829	0.943
7	0.714	0.893
8	0.643	0.833
9	0.600	0.783
10	0.564	0.746
12	0.506	0.712
...	...	...

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表 5 营养状态分级表

Table 5. Nutritional status grading table

TLI(∑)<30	30≤TLI(∑)≤50	50<TLI(∑)≤60	60<TLI(∑)≤70	TLI(∑)>70
贫营养	中营养	轻度富营养	中度富营养	重度富营养

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