Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics and retention efficiencies of nitrogen and phosphorus in Luban Reservoir in Jialing River
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摘要: 鲁班水库是四川省第三大水库，具有灌溉、发电、防洪的功能。针对当前鲁班水库总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）浓度超标问题，阐明水库氮（N）、磷（P）时空分布特征，量化水库TN和TP的截留量及截留率，并识别影响水库水质的关键因素。结果表明：水库TN浓度年均值为(0.65±0.22)mg/L，TP浓度年均值为(0.05±0.03)mg/L。水库对TN和TP的截留率分别为55.38%和53.66%，其中，通过灌溉调水的途径去除的TN和TP分别占水库总截留量的38.11%和40.85%。除了外源N、P输入以外，水库中藻类的生长、死亡和分解过程影响水库N、P浓度，以及水库对N、P的截留率。可通过降低外源N、P输入，同时控制水库内部藻类的生长改善鲁班水库水质。Abstract: Luban Reservoir is the third largest reservoir in Sichuan Province, which plays an important role in irrigation, power generation and flood control. However, concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) of the reservoir cannot achieve the water quality standard. In order to address this water quality problem, there is an urgent demand in illustrating the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), assessing the retention amount and efficiencies of N and P, and identifying the critical factors affecting the water quality of the reservoir. The results suggested that concentrations of TN and TP were (0.65±0.22) mg/L and (0.05±0.03) mg/L, respectively. The retention efficiencies of TN and TP by the reservoir were 55.38% and 53.66%, respectively. Irrigation and water transfer contributed 38.11% and 40.85% of TN and TP retention of the total interception of the reservoir, respectively. Apart from the external inputs of N and P in the reservoir, the growth, death and decomposition of algae in the reservoir affected the concentration of N and P and the retention efficiencies of N and P in the reservoir. Therefore, decreasing external inputs of N and P and controlling algae growth in the reservoir would effectively improve the water quality of Luban Reservoir.
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Key words:
- Jialing River /
- Luban Reservoir /
- nitrogen retention /
- phosphorus retention /
- water quality
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图 1 鲁班水库水温、pH、透明度、DO、CODMn、COD和BOD5逐月变化特征
Figure 1. Monthly variations of water temperature, pH, transparency , DO, CODMn, COD and BOD5 in Luban Reservoir
图 2 鲁班水库N、P和Chla浓度的逐月变化特征
Figure 2. Monthly variation characteristics of concentrations of N, P and Chla in Luban Reservoir
表 1 营养状态分级表
Table 1. Trophic state grading list
营养状态分级 TLI(∑) 定性评价 贫营养 0~30 优 中营养 30~50 良好 轻度富营养 50~60 轻度污染 中度富营养 60~70 中度污染 重度富营养 70~100 重度污染 
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表 2 2014—2019年鲁班水库各监测点位透明度、CODMn、TN浓度、TP浓度和N:P
Table 2. Transparency, CODMn, TN, TP contents and N:P of 4 sample sites in Luban Reservoir during the period from 2014 to 2019
水化学指标 进水口 鲁班岛 麻雀湾 库尾 透明度/m 1.48±0.46 1.81±0.58 1.63±0.49 1.71±0.55 CODMn/(mg/L) 3.03±1.02 2.56±0.79 2.75±0.88 2.69±0.90 TN浓度/(mg/L) 0.72±0.24 0.59±0.19 0.68±0.23 0.61±0.21 TP浓度/(mg/L) 0.05±0.03 0.04±0.03 0.05±0.04 0.04±0.03 N:P 43±27 51±42 48±43 48±39
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表 3 相关理化参数的Pearson分析结果
Table 3. Pearson correlation coefficient for physiochemical characteristics
项目 水温 pH DO CODMn BOD5 NH4 +-N COD TN TP N:P 透明度 Chla 水温 1 pH 0.468** 1 DO 0.561** 1 CODMn 0.211** 0.646** 0.576** 1 BOD5 0.592** 0.563** 0.795** 1 NH4 +-N −0.123* 1 COD 0.241** 0.486** 0.406** 0.617** 0.469** 1 TN −0.310** −0.234** 0.120* 1 TP −0.503** 0.229** 0.295** 0.337** 0.129* 0.178** 0.190** 1 N:P 0.190** −0.223** −0.320** −0.351** −0.287** −0.296** 0.295** −0.576** 1 透明度 −0.316** −0.291** −0.155** −0.275** −0.189** −0.205** 0.126* 1 Chla 0.376** 0.307** 0.482** 0.378** 0.393** −0.137* 1 注：**表示在0.01级别（双尾）相关性显著；*表示在0.05级别（双尾）相关性显著。
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表 4 鲁班水库水质类别变化
Table 4. Variations of water quality of Luban Reservoir
监测点位 水质类别 2014年 2015年 2016年 2017年 2018年 2019年 进水口 Ⅳ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅲ Ⅲ Ⅲ 鲁班岛 Ⅳ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅲ Ⅲ Ⅲ 麻雀湾 Ⅳ Ⅲ Ⅲ Ⅲ Ⅲ Ⅲ 库尾 Ⅳ Ⅲ Ⅲ Ⅲ Ⅲ Ⅲ
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表 5 2016—2019年鲁班岛监测点位水体营养状态
Table 5. Water trophic state of the Luban Island section during the period from 2016 to 2019
年份 综合营养状态指数 营养状态分级 2016 44.7 中营养 2017 41.5 中营养 2018 42.3 中营养 2019 42.3 中营养
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