大义山东南部土壤重金属分布特征及其风险评价

李剑锋; 冯李霄; 陈希清; 付建明; 卢友月; 马可蒙; 谢昊霖

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210658

大义山东南部土壤重金属分布特征及其风险评价

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210658

李剑锋^{1, 2, 3,},
冯李霄¹,
陈希清^{2, 3},
付建明^{2, 3},
卢友月^{2, 3},
马可蒙¹,
谢昊霖¹

1.
辽宁师范大学地理科学学院
2.
中国地质调查局武汉调查中心
3.
中国地质调查局花岗岩成岩成矿地质研究中心

基金项目: 中国地质调查局地质矿产调查评价专项(DD20190154)

详细信息

作者简介:
李剑锋（1986—），男，讲师，博士，主要从事地貌学、矿床学研究工作，317649474@qq.com

中图分类号: X53
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-10

Heavy metal distribution characteristics of soils in southeastern Dayi Mountain and its risk evaluation

LI Jianfeng^{1, 2, 3
,},
FENG Lixiao¹,
CHEN Xiqing^{2, 3},
FU Jianming^{2, 3},
LU Youyue^{2, 3},
MA Kemeng¹,
XIE Haolin¹

1.
College of Geographic Science, Liaoning Normal University
2.
Wuhan Center of Geological Survey, China Geological Survey
3.
Research Center for Petrogenesis and Mineralization of Granitoid Rocks, China Geological Survey

摘要

摘要:
为探明矿产开采对土壤生态环境的影响，采集大义山岩体东南部土壤样品分析其重金属元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Ni、Cd、As和Hg浓度；综合利用单因子指数、污染负荷指数和潜在生态危害指数法评估研究区土壤的污染状况与生态风险。结果表明：As、Cd、Pb、Zn和Cu平均浓度分别超出GB 15618—2018《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准（试行）》（pH>7.5）标准限值119.70、47.33、6.18、4.67和4.43倍；单因子指数从大到小依次为As>Cd>Pb>Zn>Cu>Cr>Ni>Hg，其中，As、Cd、Pb、Zn和Cu属于重度污染；单项潜在风险指数从大到小依次为Cd>As>Pb>Cu>Zn>Hg>Ni>Cr，土壤综合潜在生态风险指数平均值为2 680.40，属于极强生态风险水平。统计显示，Cu、Zn、Cd、As富集中心位于矿区，Cr、Pb、Ni富集于乡村、矿业生产区等人口活动区域，Hg元素无明显分布规律。相关性与主成分分析表明，土壤中Cu、Zn、Cd、As和Pb、Cr、Ni异常富集分别与矿业开采和人类活动有关，而Hg异常富集则主要源自母质风化与成土作用。
- 锡矿 /
- 矿区周边 /
- 土壤重金属 /
- 分布特征 /
- 生态风险
Abstract:
In order to investigate the impact of mineral mining on soil ecology, soil samples were collected from the southeastern part of Dayi Mountain rock mass to analyze the concentrations of heavy metals Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, As and Hg. The single-factor index, pollution load index and potential ecological hazard index methods were used to evaluate the pollution status and ecological risk of soil in mining areas. The results showed that the average concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu exceeded the standard limits of GB 15618-2018 (Soil Environmental Quality Standard for Soil Pollution Risk Control of Agricultural Land (Trial)) (pH>7.5) by 119.70, 47.33, 6.18, 4.67 and 4.43 times, respectively. The single factor index was As>Cd>Pb>Zn>Cu>Cr>Ni>Hg in descending order, and As, Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu were heavily polluted. The individual potential risk indices were Cd>As>Pb>Cu>Zn>Hg>Ni>Cr in descending order, and the average soil RI was 2 680.40, which was a very strong ecological risk level. The statistics showed that the enrichment centers of Cu, Zn, Cd and As were located in mining areas, Cr, Pb and Ni were enriched in villages, mining production areas and other population activity areas, and there was no obvious distribution pattern of Hg element. The correlation and principal component analysis showed that the abnormal enrichment of Cu, Zn, Cd, As, Pb, Cr and Ni in soils was related to mining and human activities, respectively, while the abnormal enrichment of Hg mainly originated from parent material weathering and soil formation.
- tin ore /
- around the mine site /
- soil heavy metals /
- distribution characteristics /
- ecological risk

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图 1 研究区与采样点位置

Figure 1. Location of study area and sampling sites

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图 2 土壤重金属浓度空间分布

Figure 2. Spatial distribution of heavy metal concentrations in soils

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图 3 土壤重金属PLI评价结果

Figure 3. Evaluation results of soil heavy metal pollution load index

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图 4 土壤重金属潜在生态风险评价结果

Figure 4. Results of potential ecological risk assessment of soil heavy metals

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表 1 重金属污染潜在生态危害指标分级

Table 1. Classification of potential ecological risks of heavy metals pollution

$ {E}_{j}^{i} $	生态风险级别	RI	生态风险级别
≤40	轻微	≤150	低
40~80	中	150~300	中
80~160	强	300~600	重
160~320	很强	>600	极强
>320	极强

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表 2 研究区土壤重金属浓度

Table 2. Heavy metal concentrations in soils at the mine site mg/kg　

项目	Cu	Pb	Zn	Cr	Ni	Cd	As	Hg
最小值	13.70	50.60	96.20	5.41	5.12	0.10	29.80	0.02
最大值	7 820	18 900	19 500	649	418	545	58 500	1.11
平均值	442.81	1 050.50	1 399.69	129.36	71.39	28.40	2 992.60	0.24
标准偏差	1 079.40	2 214.60	3 211	87.87	63.25	87.28	8 334.40	0.16
变异系数	2.44	2.11	2.29	0.68	0.89	3.07	2.79	0.67
湖南省土壤背景值	26	27	94	68	32	0.08	14	0.09
GB 15618—2018标准限值	100	170	300	250	190	0.60	25	3.40

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表 3 单因子指数污染样点占比

Table 3. Percentage of single factor index pollution sample points %　

污染级别	Cu	Pb	Zn	Cr	Ni	Cd	As	Hg
未污染	54.05	17.12	40.54	94.60	95.50	19.82	0	100
轻度污染	18.92	27.93	26.13	4.50	3.60	18.92	7.21	0
中度污染	4.51	12.61	8.11	0.90	0.90	10.81	7.21	0
重度污染	22.52	42.34	25.22	0	0	50.45	85.58	0

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表 4 不同生态风险级别样点占比

Table 4. Percentages of sites at different risk levels in the total sample sites %　

潜在生态风险级别	Cu	Pb	Zn	Cr	Ni	Cd	As	Hg
轻微	84.69	84.68	97.30	100	100	25.23	26.13	100
中度	9.91	6.31	2.70	0	0	20.72	24.32	0
强	2.70	7.21	0	0	0	11.71	11.71	0
很强	1.80	0.90	0	0	0	11.71	10.81	0
极强	0.90	0.90	0	0	0	30.63	27.03	0

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表 5 土壤重金属元素相关性分析

Table 5. Soil heavy metal element correlation analysis

元素	Pb	Zn	Cr	Ni	Cd	As	Hg
Cu	0.286**	0.934**	−0.232*	−0.184	0.927**	0.930**	0.176
Pb	1	0.388**	0.507**	0.452**	0.315**	0.313**	0.339**
Zn		1	−0.174	−0.115	0.971**	0.909**	0.073
Cr			1	0.832**	−0.226*	−0.246**	0.146
Ni				1	−0.180	−0.197*	0.172
Cd					1	0.954**	0.082
As						1	0.207*
Hg							1
注：*表示在0.01级别相关性显著；表示在0.05级别相关性显著。

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表 6 主成分分析结果

Table 6. Results of principal component analysis

元素	主成分
元素	PC1	PC2	PC3
Cu	0.966	0.005	−0.017
Pb	0.356	0.773	0.013
Zn	0.968	0.071	−0.162
Cr	−0.272	0.883	−0.214
Ni	−0.226	0.87	−0.204
Cd	0.978	0.003	−0.124
As	0.972	0.009	0.024
Hg	0.185	0.418	0.881
初始特征值	4.058	2.314	0.907
方差贡献率/%	50.730	28.924	11.338
累计方差贡献率/%	50.730	79.654	90.992

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