Discussion on repair technologies of high-density polyethylene membrane leaks in landfill anti-seepage system
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摘要:
高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)膜是填埋场防渗系统的核心组成部分，其破损引发的渗滤液渗漏会严重污染土壤和地下水环境，因此填埋场HDPE膜漏洞修补至关重要。系统总结了生活垃圾、一般工业废物和危险废物填埋场的防渗结构，并从HDPE膜漏洞成因与漏洞特征出发，分填埋场运行阶段探讨了目前不同填埋场HDPE膜漏洞修补技术的优缺点与适用条件。结果表明：自封自修技术能够在漏洞产生后进行自动修补，是未来填埋场防渗层的设计方向；电动修补技术可以实现对运行及封场后填埋场HDPE膜漏洞的靶向、精准修补，具有较广阔的应用前景。
Abstract:High-density polyethylene (HDPE) membrane is the core component of landfill anti-seepage system, and the leakage of leachate caused by its breakage can seriously contaminate the soil and groundwater environment, so the repair of landfill HDPE membrane leaks is crucial. The impermeable structures of domestic waste, general industrial waste and hazardous waste landfills were systematically summarized, and the advantages, disadvantages and conditions of present landfill HDPE membrane leak repair technologies at different stages of the landfill operation were discussed, according to the causes and characteristics of HDPE membrane leaks. The analysis showed that the self-sealing/self-healing technology could automatically repair the leaks after they were generated, being the design direction for future landfill liners, while the electrokinetic repair technology could achieve targeted and precise repair of landfill HDPE membrane leaks after operation and closure, which should have broader application prospects.
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图 1 运行前焊接修复填埋场HDPE膜漏洞
Figure 1. Repair of HDPE membrane leaks in landfill by welding before the operation
表 1 不同类型填埋场防渗结构参数汇总
Table 1. Parameters of impervious layer structures in different landfills
填埋场类型 防渗层结构 技术参数 厚度/mm 理论设计渗透系数/(cm/s) 一般工业固体废物填埋场 Ⅰ类场 天然、改性压实黏基础层；
具有同等隔水效力的防渗衬层≥750 ≤1.0×10−5 Ⅱ类场 单人工复合衬层 HDPE膜≥1.5，黏土层≥750 ≤1.0×10−7 生活垃圾填埋场 天然黏土防渗衬层（天然基础层饱和渗透系数小于1.0×
10−7 cm/s，且厚度不小于2 m）≥2 000 ≤1.0×10−7 单人工复合衬层（天然基础层饱和渗透系数小于1.0×
10−5 cm/s，且厚度不小于2 m）HDPE膜≥1.5，黏土层≥750 ≤1.0×10−7 双人工复合衬层（天然基础层饱和渗透系数不小于1.0×
10−5 cm/s或厚度不小于2 m）HDPE膜≥1.5，黏土层≥750 ≤1.0×10−7 危险废物填埋场 双人工复合衬层（天然基础层饱和渗透系数小于1.0×
10−5 cm/s，且厚度不小于2 m）HDPE膜≥2，黏土层主衬层≥300，黏土层次衬层≥500 ≤1.0×10−7 
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表 2 HDPE膜破损成因汇总[8,20-21]
Table 2. Summary of causes of HDPE membrane leakage
填埋场运行阶段 破损成因 漏洞数量占比/
%最小漏
洞面积/
cm2最大漏
洞面积/
cm2漏洞
特征运行前 质量不达标的膜存在抗刺穿强度、抗拉强度低等问题 2 7.90×10−3 0.30 面积小、
数量少HDPE膜被锐物顶破、刺破 69 0.01 8.03×104 隐蔽性强 焊接土工膜时出现脱焊、虚焊或脱胶 15 0.10 3.00×105 面积小、
数量多大型机械操作时土工膜被施工机械顶破损伤 14 0.03 5.00×105 漏洞巨大 运行期及封场期 运行过程老化
损伤施工验收阶段进行的防渗层破损检测工作无法检测到此类漏洞 漏洞上方环境复杂且难以精准探测漏洞
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表 3 漏洞补技术特点
Table 3. Characteristics of various leak repair technologies
技术 优点 缺点 适用场景 异位修复 能彻底解决填埋场的污染问题 工程量大、成本高、易产生二次污染 破损严重、容量较小的填埋场 开挖修补 技术成熟、
成本低难以精准定位漏洞与开展修补施工，存在安全隐患 适用小面积破损的填埋场 灌浆修补 技术成熟、
施工期短难以精准定位漏洞，易对膜造成二次损伤 适用小面积破损的填埋场 电动修补 可靶向修复漏洞、安全、施工期短、造价低 技术还未成熟 适用范围仍需
探索自封自修 自动修复，节约大量的人力和物力 应用面较窄 仅适用于提前铺设自封自修材料的填埋场
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