Spatio-temporal evolution and conflict measurement of ecological-production-living spaces in Jiaodong Peninsula
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摘要:
优化国土空间开发格局是推进生态文明建设的重要举措，在对胶东半岛的三生空间时空演变规律分析的基础上，构建基于“风险源—风险受体—风险效应”三生空间冲突测度模型，识别三生空间冲突的区域和强度。结果表明：2000—2015年胶东半岛三生空间的面积变化具有“一降一升一稳定”的特点，其生产空间占比最高，其次是生活空间，二者占比之和约为85%。胶东半岛三生空间平均冲突指数呈不断增加的趋势，稳定可控区域主要分布在生态空间内部的自然保护区，严重失控级别主要分布在生态空间与生产空间、生态空间与生活空间之间的交错地带。不同空间类型的空间冲突程度为生产空间>生活空间>生态空间，三生空间冲突水平在空间类型和县域也存在较大差异，并随着时间发生变化。
Abstract:Optimizing the spatial development pattern of land is the primary measure to promote the construction of ecological civilization. Based on the analysis of the spatial and temporal evolution law of the ecological-production-living spaces in Jiaodong Peninsula, an ecological-production-living spaces conflict measurement model was constructed based on "risk source-risk receptor-risk effect" to identify the region and intensity of the ecological-production-living spaces conflict. The results showed that: From 2000 to 2015, the area change of ecological-production-living spaces in Jiaodong Peninsula had the characteristics of "one decline, one rise and one stability". The proportion of production space in Jiaodong Peninsula was the highest, followed by living space, the sum of which was about 85%. From 2000 to 2015, the average conflict index of Jiaodong Peninsula showed an increasing trend. The stable and controllable areas were mainly distributed in the nature reserves within the ecological space, and the seriously out-of-control areas were mainly distributed in the ecotone between the ecological space and production space, and that between ecological space and living space. The order of space conflict degree was production space > living space > ecological space. There were also great differences in spatial types and counties that changed with time.
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图 1 胶东半岛三生空间的分布格局
Figure 1. Spatial distribution pattern of the ecological-production-living spaces in Jiaodong Peninsula
图 2 2000—2015年胶东半岛三生空间面积变化
Figure 2. Spatial area change of the ecological-production-living spaces in Jiaodong Peninsula from 2000 to 2015
图 3 胶东半岛三生空间冲突分级
Figure 3. Classification map of the ecological-production-living spaces conflict in Jiaodong Peninsula
图 4 胶东半岛三生空间冲突指数
Figure 4. Ecological-production-living spaces Conflict Index of Jiaodong Peninsula
图 5 2000—2015年胶东半岛不同空间类型的空间冲突等级变化
Figure 5. Changes in spatial conflict levels of different spatial types in Jiaodong Peninsula from 2000 to 2015
表 1 胶东半岛三生空间分类体系
Table 1. Ecological-production-living spaces classification system of Jiaodong Peninsula
三生空间 二级空间 土地利用现状地类 生产
空间农业生产空间 水田、旱地 工矿生产空间 其他建设用地 生活
空间城镇生活空间 城镇用地 农村生活空间 农村居民点 生态
空间绿被生态空间 有林地、灌木林地、疏林地、其他林地、
高覆
盖度草地、中覆盖度草地、低覆盖度草地水域生态空间 河渠、湖泊、水库、坑塘、永久性冰川雪地 其他生态空间 沙地、戈壁、盐碱地、裸地、落岩石质地 
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表 2 2000—2015年胶东半岛三生空间变化幅度及动态度
Table 2. Spatial change range and dynamics of the ecological-production-living spaces of Jiaodong Peninsula from 2000 to 2015
三生空间 2000—2005年 2005—2010年 2010—2015年 变化幅
度/hm2动态
度/%变化幅
度/hm2动态
度/%变化幅
度/hm2动态
度/%生产空间 −33 032.25 −0.35 50 445.27 0.55 −6 690.15 −0.07 生活空间 35 391.33 2.50 99 305.28 6.24 9 382.41 0.45 生态空间 −2 277.90 −0.05 −149 773.05 −3.51 −2 721.15 −0.08
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表 3 2000—2015年胶东半岛三生空间转移矩阵
Table 3. Transfer Matrix of the ecological-production-living spaces of Jiaodong Peninsula from 2000 to 2015
hm2 2000年 2015年 生产空间 生活空间 生态空间 生产空间 1 657 061.19 159 382.08 66 947.31 生活空间 43 284.87 235 630.53 4 215.06 生态空间 193 756.50 32 191.29 630 564.12
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表 4 胶东半岛三生空间冲突级别占比
Table 4. Percentage of space units occupied by the level of conflict between the ecological-production-living spaces of Jiaodong Peninsula
% 年份 稳定可控 基本可控 基本失控 严重失控 2000 3.74 54.39 33.09 8.78 2005 4.33 52.02 33.96 9.68 2010 3.29 36.35 41.72 18.64 2015 3.33 35.21 41.06 20.40
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