海绵型雨水口初期雨水截污能力优化研究

廖晓数; 吴志权; 朱成煜; 林冰; 苏君豪; 张倩; 仇玥

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210597

海绵型雨水口初期雨水截污能力优化研究

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210597

廖晓数^1,,
吴志权¹,
朱成煜¹,
林冰²,
苏君豪²,
张倩²,
仇玥^1, ,

1.
武汉市汉阳市政建设集团有限公司
2.
武汉理工大学土木工程与建筑学院

基金项目: 海绵城市建设水系统科学湖北省重点实验室开放研究基金项目（2019-06）

详细信息

作者简介:
廖晓数（1981—），男，高级工程师，主要研究方向为污染水体修复与海绵城市工程设计，66159062@qq.com

通讯作者:
仇玥（1993—），女，初级工程师，硕士，主要研究方向为污染水体修复与海绵城市工程设计，33716290@qq.com

中图分类号: X52
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-22

Research on optimization of initial rainwater interception capacity of sponge-type rainwater inlet

1.
Wuhan Hanyang Municipal Construction Group Co., Ltd.
2.
School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology

摘要

摘要:
选用装配式选配截污型雨水口，以土工布、不锈钢筛网和5种不同填料作为过滤模块，配置人工模拟雨水用于试验，研究其在不同截污装置下对初期雨水中悬浮物（SS）、化学需氧量（COD）、氨氮（NH₄ ⁺-N）、总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）等污染物的去除效果，测试其对初期雨水径流污染的削减能力，并综合评价其在实际工程运用中的可行性与经济性。结果表明：在土工布、不锈钢筛网过滤模块中，土工布对SS有较好的去除效果，不锈钢筛网则需将孔径降至0.074 mm时才对SS有较明显的去除效果，但二者对COD、NH₄ ⁺-N、TN和TP的去除效果均较差；以高炉灰焦粒、活化沸石、椰壳生物炭、陶粒、活性炭作为滤料的5种过滤模块均能有效提高初期雨水中COD、NH₄ ⁺-N、TN和TP的去除效果；其中陶粒在达到理想的脱氮除磷效果的同时，也可实现较好的SS和COD去除效果，使用年限与其他过滤模块相差不大，且售价（5~13元/kg）略低于其他过滤模块。
- 陶粒 /
- 雨水口 /
- 过滤模块 /
- 污染物
Abstract:
An assembly-type optional sewage-interception rainwater inlet was proposed, with geotextile, stainless steel screen and five different fillers as the filter modules, and the artificial simulated rainwater was equipped for the test to study its removal effect on the pollutants of suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH₄ ⁺-N), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), in the initial rainwater under different sewage intercepting devices. Its ability to reduce the initial runoff pollution was tested and the feasibility and economy in practical engineering applications were evaluated. The test results showed that: in the geotextile and stainless steel screen filter modules, geotextile had a good removal effect on SS, while the stainless steel screen had an obvious removal effect on SS when the aperture was decreased to 0.074 mm, but the two filter modules had poor removal effect on COD, NH₄ ⁺-N, TN and TP. The five filtration modules with high furnace ash coke particles, activated zeolite, coconut shell biochar, ceramsite and activated carbon as filter materials, could effectively improve the removal effects of COD, NH₄ ⁺-N, TN and TP in the initial rainwater. Among them, ceramsite could not only achieve the ideal removal effect of nitrogen and phosphorus, but also achieve good removal effect on SS and COD. Its service life was comparable with other filtration modules, and the market unit price (5-13 yuan/kg) was slightly lower than other filtration modules .
- ceramsite /
- inlet for rainwater /
- the filter module /
- pollutant

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图 1 海绵型雨水口截污装置结构

注：图中数字单位为mm。

Figure 1. Sewage interception device of sponge-type rainwater inlet

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图 2 海绵型雨水口组装工艺

注：同图1。

Figure 2. Assembly process of sponge-type rainwater inlet

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表 1 实际初期雨水水质和模拟初期雨水水质

Table 1. Actual initial rainwater quality and simulated initial rainwater quality mg/L　

雨水类型	水质指标	5 min	10 min	15 min	20 min
实际初期雨水	COD	160~200	180~220	150~190	120~160
	NH₄ ⁺-N浓度	1~3	2~5	0~2	0~3
	TN浓度	4~6	5~7	2~4	1~4
	TP浓度	0.4~0.6	0.4~0.6	0.2~0.6	0.2~0.4
	SS浓度	70~90	70~80	50~80	60~90
模拟初期雨水	COD	175	205	165	135
	NH₄ ⁺-N浓度	2	4	1.2	2
	TN浓度	4.5	6.5	3	3.5
	TP浓度	0.6	0.6	0.4	0.4
	SS浓度	80	80	75	85

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表 2 具体截污试验方案设计

Table 2. Specific design of pollution interception test scheme

过滤模块	材料参数
土工布	规格分别为100、200、400、600、800 g/m²
不锈钢筛网	孔径分别为0.015、0.030、0.074、0.2、0.5、 1.0、1.5、2.0 mm
高炉灰焦粒滤料	粒径为1.5~3.0 mm，密度为0.86 g/cm³
活化沸石滤料	粒径为1.5~3.0 mm，密度为2.0 g/cm³
椰壳生物炭滤料	粒径为1.5~3.0 mm，密度为0.42~0.55 g/cm³
陶粒滤料	粒径为1.5~3.0 mm，密度为2.25 g/cm³
生物炭滤料	粒径为1.5~3.0 mm，密度为0.55 g/cm³

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表 3 不同规格土工布过滤模块对污染物的去除效果

Table 3. Removal effect of geotextile filter module with different specifications on pollutants

规格/(g/m²)	污染物去除率/%
规格/(g/m²)	COD	NH₄ ⁺-N	TN	TP	SS
100	13	4	3	0	59
200	12	3	1	0	58
400	14	3	1	0	60
600	13	2	1	0	64
800	14	1	1	0	63

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表 4 不同孔径不锈钢筛网过滤模块对污染物的去除效果

Table 4. Removal effect of stainless steel screen filter module with different apertures on pollutants

孔径/mm	污染物去除率/%
孔径/mm	COD	NH₄ ⁺-N	TN	TP	SS
2.0	0	0	0	0	2
1.5	1	0	0	0	2
1.0	1	3	1	0	2
0.5	0	0	0	0	2
0.2	0	1	0	0	3
0.074	7	1	0	0	22
0.030	8	1	0	0	39
0.015	11	2	1	0	49

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表 5 不同填充滤料的过滤模块对污染物的去除效果

Table 5. Removal effects of filter modules filled with different filter materials on pollutants

滤料种类	污染物去除率/%
滤料种类	COD	NH₄ ⁺-N	TN	TP	SS
高炉灰焦粒	23	85	47	67	74
活化沸石	48	85	48	0	76
椰壳生物炭	28	14	10	66	77
陶粒	36	76	53	63	75
活性炭	41	86	64	68	82

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表 6 过滤模块价格和基本性能分析

Table 6. Price and basic performance analysis of filter modules

过滤模块	单价	使用年限/a
土工布（规格100、200、400、600、800 g/m²）	1.5~4.0元/m²	2~5
不锈钢筛网（孔径为0.015、0.030、0.074、 0.2、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0 mm）	25~200元/m²	2~5
高炉灰焦粒滤料（粒径为1.5~3.0 mm）	4~11元/kg	1.5~3.0
活化沸石滤料（粒径为1.5~3.0 mm）	4~14元/kg	1.5~2.0
椰壳生物炭滤料（粒径为1.5~3.0 mm）	6~18元/kg	1.5~2.0
陶粒滤料（粒径为1.5~3.0 mm）	5~13元/kg	2~4
活性炭滤料（粒径为1.5~3.0 mm）	10~22元/kg	2~3

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