短程反硝化耦合厌氧氨氧化强化脱氮工艺研究与应用进展

常根旺; 杨津津; 李绍康; 罗景文; 杨一飞; 李翔

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210578

短程反硝化耦合厌氧氨氧化强化脱氮工艺研究与应用进展

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210578

常根旺^{1, 2,},
杨津津^{1, 2},
李绍康^{1, 2},
罗景文^{1, 2},
杨一飞^{1, 2},
李翔^{1, 2, ,}

1.
环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 中国环境科学研究院
2.
国家环境保护地下水污染模拟与控制重点实验室, 中国环境科学研究院

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFC1910403）

详细信息

作者简介:
常根旺（1999—），男，硕士研究生，主要从事水污染控制研究，changgewa@163.com

通讯作者:
李翔（1970—），女，研究员，主要从事水污染阻控研究，lixiang@craes.org.cn

中图分类号: X703
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-10-14

Research and application progress of partial denitrification coupled with anammox for enhanced denitrification

CHANG Genwang^{1, 2
,},
YANG Jinjin^{1, 2},
LI Shaokang^{1, 2},
LUO Jingwen^{1, 2},
YANG Yifei^{1, 2},
LI Xiang^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
2.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

摘要

摘要:
短程反硝化耦合厌氧氨氧化（PD-A）工艺外加碳源和曝气成本较低、NO₂ ⁻生成稳定高效、总氮去除率高，并且可以减少温室气体N₂O的排放，是一种新型的生物脱氮工艺。现有关于PD-A的研究多以水质条件单一的模拟废水为对象，针对实际废水的研究尚少。分析了PD-A工艺的机制与特点，通过对比核心功能菌短程反硝化菌和厌氧氨氧化菌的最佳生长条件，并结合现有研究提出PD-A工艺运行的优化策略，继而分析了PD-A工艺在实际废水中的应用案例。结果表明，优化COD/NO₃ ⁻、接种不同结构的污泥和添加生物膜载体等有利于工艺高效稳定地运行；PD-A工艺在实际生活污水、养殖废水、高硝酸盐废水的处理中实现了较高的脱氮率，说明其处理实际废水具有可行性。最后，对PD-A工艺的发展进行展望，认为应以实际废水为处理对象，进一步研究系统内核心菌群的协同作用机制和混合生物脱氮调控方式，以提升工艺的稳定性及碳氮协同处理效率。
- 短程反硝化耦合厌氧氨氧化(PD-A) /
- 脱氮 /
- 运行策略 /
- 实际废水
Abstract:
As a novel biological nitrogen removal process, partial denitrification coupled with anammox (PD-A) process can save the cost of aeration and external carbon source, generate NO₂ ⁻ steadily and efficiently and have high removal efficiency of total nitrogen. Besides, PD-A process can reduce the emission of greenhouse gas N₂O. Existing researches on PD-A mostly focus on the simulated wastewater with single water quality conditions while the research on the real wastewater is still missing. The mechanism and characteristics of PD-A process were analyzed, the optimization strategy of PD-A process operation was proposed through comparing the optimal growth conditions of core functional bacteria, partial denitrification bacteria and anammox bacteria, in combination with the existing researches. Then the application cases of PD-A process in the real wastewater were analyzed. The results showed that optimizing COD/NO₃ ⁻, inoculating sludge with different structures and adding biofilm carriers were beneficial to the efficient and stable operation of the process. PD-A process could achieve higher nitrogen removal efficiency in the treatment of real domestic sewage, aquaculture wastewater and high nitrate wastewater, indicating that the treatment of real wastewater through PD-A process was feasible. Finally, the development trend of PD-A process was forecasted, the real wastewater should be treated, and the synergy mechanism of the core flora in the system and the mixed biological denitrification control method should be further studied to improve the stability of the process and the efficiency of synergistic removal of carbon and nitrogen.
- partial denitrification coupled with anammox (PD-A) /
- nitrogen removal /
- operation strategies /
- real wastewater

HTML全文

图 1 传统硝化-反硝化工艺与PD-A工艺对比

注：图中数字的单位为mol。

Figure 1. Comparison between traditional nitrification-denitrification and PD-A processes

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 反硝化反应及酶的参与过程

Figure 2. Process of denitrification reaction and enzyme participation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 一体式和分体式PD-A工艺流程

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of integrated PD-A reactor and two-stage PD-A reactor

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 反硝化过程酶的类型、表达条件及编码基因

Table 1. Type, expression conditions and coding genes of denitrifying enzymes

酶	类型	表达条件	编码基因
NaR	周质硝酸还原酶（好氧菌）	在有氧和无氧条件下均能表达，且在有氧条件下优先表达	napA
NaR	膜结合硝酸还原酶（厌氧菌）	在厌氧条件下优先表达	narG、narH、narI
NiR	血红素亚硝酸盐还原酶	有氧或无氧	nirS
NiR	铜型亚硝酸盐还原酶	有氧或无氧	nirK
NoR	NO还原酶	在高氧和低pH下优先表达	norCB
Nos	N₂O还原酶	低氧或缺氧，易受pH、氧的抑制	nosZ

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 短程反硝化菌与厌氧氨氧化菌最佳生长条件

Table 2. The best growth conditions for partial denitrification bacteria and anammox bacteria

功能菌	C/N	温度	pH	DO浓度/(mg/L)
短程反硝化菌	2~3^[24-25]	影响较小	9^[21]	低于0.1 ^[40]
厌氧氨氧化菌	无需碳源	30 ℃左右^[31-32]	7.5~8^[33]	低于0.6^[34-36]

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 PD-A工艺运行参数及运行状况

Table 3. Operating parameters and operating conditions of PD-A process

进水类型	污泥类型	TN去除效果	Anammox对总氮去除的贡献率	数据来源
城市生活污水	反硝化污泥+缺氧生物膜	出水TN浓度为（7.6±2）mg/L	43.1%	文献[43]
城市生活污水+AO消化液	絮体污泥+缺氧生物膜	出水TN浓度为5.0 mg/L左右	AnAOB丰度从0.01%提升至7.2%（246 d）	文献[52]
模拟城市生活污水	絮状污泥+缺氧生物膜	92.0%	72.0%	文献[49]
合成废水	反硝化污泥	50.7%~64.6%		文献[53-54]
	悬浮污泥+缺氧生物膜	93.0%		文献[55]
	反硝化污泥+厌氧氨氧化污泥	80.8%~94.1%		文献[53,56]

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