Aquatic life criteria for tetracycline and assessment for the ecological risk of some water bodies in China
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摘要:
四环素是四环素类抗生素，环境中四环素残留会对水生生物产生慢性影响，且中国目前尚缺乏四环素的淡水水生生物基准。搜集筛选了四环素对中国淡水水生生物的急慢性毒性数据，共获得7门12科的12个急性毒性数据和7门9科的9个慢性毒性数据。利用毒性百分数排序法和物种敏感度分布法推导四环素的水生生物基准，最终采用物种敏感度分布法推导出短期水质基准为61.650 μg/L，长期水质基准为9.439 μg/L，可作为保护我国水生生物的水质基准。采用熵值法和安全阈值法评估了四环素在我国部分水体的生态风险，最终采用熵值法评估我国淡水环境中四环素的生态风险水平，评估结果显示风险区域主要集中在贵阳南明河，其他大部分区域基本无风险。研究结论可为四环素水质标准制定、水生生物保护和水生态环境管理提供科学依据。
Abstract:Tetracycline is a tetracycline antibiotic. Tetracycline residues in the environment have chronic effects on aquatic organisms. However, there were no aquatic life criteria for tetracycline in fresh water in China. The acute and chronic toxicity data of tetracycline on freshwater aquatic organisms in China were collected and screened. A total of twelve acute toxicity data from seven phyla and twelve families and nine chronic toxicity data from seven phyla and nine families were obtained. The aquatic life criteria of tetracycline were derived by toxicity percentile rank and species sensitivity distribution methods. Finally, the short-term and long-term water quality criteria of tetracycline were 61.650 and 9.439 μg/L, respectively, derived by the species sensitivity distribution method. The ecological risk of tetracycline in some water bodies in China was assessed by the entropy method and the safety threshold method, finally the entropy method was used to evaluate the ecological risk level of tetracycline in freshwater environment in China. The results of the assessment suggested that the areas surveyed with ecological risk exposed to tetracycline mainly located in the Nanming River of Guiyang Province, and most other areas were basically risk-free. The research conclusions could provide scientific basis for formulating the water quality standards in terms of tetracycline, protecting freshwater aquatic life and managing water eco-environment.
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图 2 我国水体四环素的暴露浓度和毒性数据的累积概率分布
Figure 2. Cumulative probability distribution of tetracycline exposure concentrations and toxicity data in water bodies of China
表 1 四环素的水生生物急性毒性值
Table 1. Acute toxicity data of tetracycline for freshwater species
物种分类 物种名 拉丁名 毒性终点/d 毒性值/
(mg/L)门 科 被子植
物门水鳖科 水蕴草[22] Egeria densa Planch 41） 0.280 金鱼藻科 金鱼藻[22] Ceratophyllum demersum L. 41） 0.298 浮萍科 浮萍[23] Lemna gibba 41） 0.723 扁形动
物门三角涡虫科 三角涡虫[24] Dugesia japonica 41） 465.111 脊索动
物门鲤科 稀有鮈鲫[25] Gobiocypris 41） 144.370 节肢动
物门溞科 大型溞[26] Daphnia magna 21） 53.593 蓝藻门 念珠藻科 鱼腥藻[27] Anabaena sp. 131） 6.200 色球藻科 铜绿微
囊藻[28]Microcystis aeruginosa 41） 10.394 绿藻门 衣藻科 小球衣藻[28] Chlamydomonas microsphaera 41） 2.038 原生动
物门草履科 尾草履虫[29] Paramecium caudatum 11） 9.122 尖毛科 浮萍棘
尾虫[29]Stylonychia lemnae 11） 40.063 喇叭科 天蓝喇
叭虫[29]Stentor coeruleus 12） 137.150 1)代表毒性终点为EC50；2）代表毒性终点为LC50。 
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表 2 四环素的水生生物慢性毒性值
Table 2. Chronic toxicity data of tetracycline for freshwater species
物种分类 物种名 拉丁名 毒性终点/d 毒性值/
(mg/L)门 科 绿藻门 小球藻科 近头状伪
蹄形藻[25]Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata 31） 0.125 蓝藻门 色球藻科 铜绿微
囊藻[30]Microcystis aeruginosa 211） 0.150 被子植
物门小二仙
草科狐尾藻[31] Myriophyllum sibiricum 212） 0.294 浮萍科 浮萍[30] Lemna gibba 211） 0.310 节肢动
物门溞科 大型溞[32] Daphnia magna 212） 1.212 扁形动
物门三角涡
虫科三角涡虫[30] Dugesia japonica 212） 26.994 软体动
物门贻贝科 贻贝[25] Mytilus edulis 212） 73.820 脊索动
物门鲤科 露斯塔
野鲮[33]Labeo rohita 252） 80.000 慈鲷科 奥利亚罗
非鱼[33]Oreochromis aureus 862） 94.732 1）代表毒性终点为NOEC；2）代表毒性终点为LOEC。
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表 3 四环素的属平均急性值及相关计算结果
Table 3. Average acute value and related calculation results of tetracycline
属 秩次 GMAV/
(mg/L)ln GMAV (ln GMAV)2 P=R/(N+1) P的
平方根水蕴草属 1 0.280 −1.272 1.618 0.077 0.277 金鱼藻属 2 0.298 −1.212 1.469 0.154 0.392 浮萍属 3 0.723 −0.324 0.105 0.231 0.481 衣藻属 4 2.038 0.712 0.507 0.308 0.555
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表 4 四环素的属平均慢性值及相关计算结果
Table 4. Average chronic value and related calculation results of tetracycline
属 秩次 GMCV/
(mg/L)ln GMCV (ln GMCV)2 P=R/(N+1) P的
平方根伪蹄形藻属 1 0.125 −2.079 4.324 0.100 0.316 微囊藻属 2 0.150 −1.897 3.599 0.200 0.447 狐尾藻属 3 0.294 −1.224 1.499 0.300 0.548 浮萍属 4 0.310 −1.171 1.372 0.400 0.632
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表 5 拟合公式及相关参数
Table 5. Fitting formula and related parameters
模型 拟合公式 参数 决定系数（R2） 残差平方和（SSE） HC5/(μg/L) 短期水质基准/(μg/L) SGompertz $y = a×{ {\rm{e} }^{ - { {\rm{e} }^{ - k(x - {x_{ {0} } })} } } }$ a=1.558 42，
x0=1.326 22，
k=0.489 770.982 0.012 4 91.075 45.538 Gaussian $y = {y_0} + \dfrac{ {A{\rm{e} }\dfrac{ { - {\text{4} }{\rm{ln} }{\text{2} }{ {(x - {x_0})}^2} } }{ { {w^2} } } } }{ {w\sqrt {\dfrac{ \text{π} }{ { {\text{4} }{\rm{ln} }{\text{2} } } } } } }$ y0=1.953 30，
x0=−2.793 68，
A=−23.786 90，
w=10.812 600.980 0.012 1 124.090 62.045 Doseresp $y = {a_1} + \dfrac{ { {a_2} - {a_1} } }{ {1 + { {10}^{( {x_{ {0}} }-x )p} } } }$ a1=−0.328 82，
a2=1.640 70，
x0=1.633 90，
p=0.242 650.980 0.012 0 122.487 61.244 Boltzmann $y = {a_2} + \dfrac{ { {a_1} - {a_2} } }{ {[1 + { {\rm{e} }^{(x - {x_{ {0} } }) }] }/d} }$ a1=−0.328 82，
a2=1.640 71，
x0=1.633 90，
d=1.789 820.980 0.012 0 123.313 61.657
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表 7 中国部分水体的四环素风险评估结果
Table 7. Tetracycline risk assessment result of some watersheds in China
地点 暴露浓度/
(ng/L)MEC/
(ng/L)PNEC/
(μg/L)RQ 风险评
估等级南京长江段 ND~160[38] 80 24.660 0.003 2 基本无风险 东江水系 6.12~9.27[39] 7.685 24.660 0.000 3 基本无风险 嘉陵江 ND~15[40] 7.5 24.660 0.000 3 基本无风险 长江重庆段 <5[40] 2.5 24.660 0.000 1 基本无风险 维多利亚湾 ND~313[40] 156.5 24.660 0.006 3 基本无风险 渤海湾 ND~270[40] 135 24.660 0.005 5 基本无风险 辽河流域 ND~741.85[40] 370.9 24.660 0.015 0 低风险 黄浦江 ND~219.8[40] 109.9 24.660 0.004 5 基本无风险 大辽水系 1.1~13.6[40] 7.35 24.660 0.000 3 基本无风险 贵阳南明河 6 800[41] 3 400 24.660 0.137 9 中风险 长江水域 114[30] 107 24.660 0.004 3 基本无风险 注：ND代表未检出；MEC取浓度平均值或中位数。
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