废纸再生过程综合效能评估研究

刘雪敏; 马强; 王宏伟; 高学鸿; 黄国忠; 司念朋

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210510

废纸再生过程综合效能评估研究

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210510

1.
北京科技大学大安全科学研究院，土木与资源工程学院
2.
中国检验检疫科学研究院

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFF0215500）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘雪敏(1998—)，女，硕士研究生，主要从事产品风险评估研究，s20200124@xs.ustb.edu.cn

通讯作者:
司念朋（1984—），男，高级工程师，主要从事工业产品质量安全及再生利用研究，isinp@sina.com

中图分类号: X24
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-15

Study on comprehensive efficiency evaluation of waste paper recycling process

1.
Research Institution of Macro-Safety Science, School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing
2.
Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine

摘要

摘要:
废纸再生已成为当下解决传统制浆造纸原料匮乏问题的主要途径和趋势，为分析废纸再生过程综合效能水平，提出一种包含多指标的废纸再生综合效能评估模型。从物质流与能量流2个角度对废纸再生过程进行分析，选取5个定量评估指标，构建一套废纸再生综合效能评估指标体系。基于博弈论组合赋权理论，将主、客观权重优化组合得到评估指标最优组合权重，并基于物元模型建立废纸再生综合效能评估模型。通过评估模型对9家企业废纸再生过程进行实例计算，得到各企业综合效能等级，结果显示有2家企业处于高水平，3家企业处于较高水平，4家企业处于差水平。模型计算结果可以体现企业综合效能水平的相对高低和各企业的提升方向。
- 废纸再生 /
- 物质流能量流分析 /
- 博弈论组合赋权 /
- 物元模型 /
- 效能评估
Abstract:
Waste paper recycling has become the primary approach and trend to solve the pressing problem of insufficient traditional pulp and paper raw materials. A comprehensive efficiency evaluation model of waste paper recycling involving multiple indexes was proposed to analyze the comprehensive efficiency of the waste paper recycling process. An evaluation index system of the comprehensive efficiency of the waste paper recycling process was established by specifying five indexes according to material flow and energy flow involved in the process. Based on the combination weighting of game theory, the optimal combination weight of the evaluation index was obtained by optimizing the combination of subjective and objective weights. After that, the comprehensive efficiency evaluation model of waste paper recycling was established based on the matter element model. By applying the proposed evaluation model to the waste paper recycling process of nine enterprises, the comprehensive efficiency level of each enterprise was obtained. The results showed that two enterprises were at a high level, three were medium-high, and four were poor. The study case showed that this model was feasible in reflecting the relative level of comprehensive efficiency and the promotion direction of each enterprise.
- waste paper recycling /
- material and energy flow analysis /
- game theory combination weighting /
- matter element model /
- efficiency evaluation

HTML全文

图 1 废纸再生工艺物质流能量流分析

Figure 1. Analysis of material flow and energy flow in waste paper regeneration process

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表 1 废纸再生综合效能评估指标体系

Table 1. Comprehensive efficiency evaluation index system of waste paper recycling

指标	指标类型	计算公式
产量/投入总能源（C₁）	正向型	$ {M}_{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{t}}/{E}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}} $
能量耗散/投入总能源（C₂）	负向型	$ {E}_{\mathrm{w}}/{E}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}} $
直接收益/投入总能源（C₃）	正向型	$ {W}_{\mathrm{d}\mathrm{b}}/{E}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}} $
资源节省费用/投入总能源（C₄）	正向型	$ {W}_{\mathrm{r}\mathrm{s}}/{E}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}} $
温室气体排放量/投入总能源（C₅）	负向型	$ {E}_{\mathrm{G}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{G}}/{E}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}} $

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表 2 影响程度之比（r_k）赋值

Table 2. Assignment table of influence ratio (r_k)

r_k	指标X_k-1比X_k的重要程度
1.0	同样重要
1.1	介于同样重要和稍微重要之间
1.2	稍微重要
1.3	介于稍微重要和明显重要之间
1.4	明显重要
1.5	介于明显重要和强烈重要之间
1.6	强烈重要
1.7	介于强烈重要和极端重要之间
1.8	极端重要

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表 3 各能源的标准煤折算系数

Table 3. Standard coal coefficient for each energy

能源或工质	折算系数（以标准煤计）
新水	0.085 7 kg/t
电力	0.122 9 kg/(kW·h)
热力	0.034 12 kg/MJ

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表 4 废纸再生综合效能评估指标标准化数据

Table 4. Standardized data of comprehensive efficiency evaluation index of waste paper recycling

指标	企业1	企业2	企业3	企业4	企业5	企业6	企业7	企业8	企业9
C₁	0.86	0.73	0.78	0.00	0.81	0.39	0.88	1.00	0.38
C₂	0.68	0.41	1.00	0.09	0.50	0.00	0.82	0.91	0.23
C₃	0.46	0.06	1.00	0.17	0.42	0.00	0.54	0.94	0.06
C₄	0.79	0.42	0.83	0.00	0.63	0.21	0.63	1.00	0.21
C₅	0.46	0.73	0.74	0.37	0.00	0.92	0.64	0.66	1.00

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表 5 指标序关系及G1法权重

Table 5. Index order relation and weight of G1 method

指标	重要性之比$ （{r}_{k} ）$	G1法权重
C₃	—	0.27
C₂	1.10	0.24
C₅	1.30	0.19
C₁	1.20	0.16
C₄	1.10	0.14

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表 6 废纸再生综合效能评估指标权重

Table 6. Comprehensive efficiency evaluation index weight of waste paper recycling

指标	熵权法	G1法	组合权重	组合权重排序
C₁	0.13	0.16	0.14	4
C₂	0.22	0.24	0.22	2
C₃	0.33	0.27	0.32	1
C₄	0.19	0.14	0.18	3
C₅	0.13	0.19	0.14	4

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表 7 废纸再生综合效能评估指标关联度

Table 7. Correlation degree of comprehensive efficiency evaluation index of waste paper recycling

关联度	指标关联度（以企业1为例）				效能评估等级
关联度	Ⅰ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅲ级	Ⅳ级	企业1	企业2	企业3	企业4	企业5	企业6	企业7	企业8	企业9
K_j(C₁)	0.440	−0.440	−0.720	−0.813	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅰ	Ⅳ	Ⅰ	Ⅲ	Ⅰ	Ⅰ	Ⅲ
K_j(C₂)	−0.179	0.280	−0.360	−0.573	Ⅱ	Ⅱ	Ⅰ	Ⅳ	Ⅱ	Ⅳ	Ⅰ	Ⅰ	Ⅳ
K_j(C₃)	−0.475	−0.080	0.160	−0.313	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅰ	Ⅳ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅱ	Ⅰ	Ⅳ
K_j(C₄)	0.160	−0.160	−0.580	−0.720	Ⅰ	Ⅲ	Ⅰ	Ⅳ	Ⅰ	Ⅳ	Ⅱ	Ⅰ	Ⅳ
K_j(C₅)	−0.475	−0.080	0.160	−0.313	Ⅲ	Ⅱ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅱ	Ⅰ

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表 8 各企业综合效能评估结果

Table 8. Comprehensive efficiency evaluation results of each enterprise

评价单元	综合关联度				综合效能等级
评价单元	Ⅰ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅲ级	Ⅳ级	综合效能等级
企业1	−0.127	−0.066	−0.211	−0.514	Ⅱ
企业2	−0.492	−0.328	−0.229	−0.213	Ⅳ
企业3	0.071	−0.610	−0.805	−0.870	Ⅰ
企业4	−0.832	−0.749	−0.497	0.152	Ⅳ
企业5	−0.366	−0.138	−0.166	−0.360	Ⅱ
企业6	−0.691	−0.770	−0.626	−0.132	Ⅳ
企业7	−0.047	0.072	−0.357	−0.572	Ⅱ
企业8	0.130	−0.648	−0.824	−0.883	Ⅰ
企业9	−0.646	−0.680	−0.361	−0.045	Ⅳ

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