疏浚对练江峡山大溪流域沉积物营养盐的影响分析

罗千里; 胡艳芳; 马金玉; 张盛锐; 范中亚; 裴金铃

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210477

疏浚对练江峡山大溪流域沉积物营养盐的影响分析

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210477

国家环境保护水环境模拟与污染控制重点实验室, 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所

基金项目: 广东省重点领域研发计划项目（2019B110205003，2020B1111350001）

详细信息

作者简介:
罗千里 (1990—)，男，助理研究员，研究方向为底泥处理处置技术及资源化利用、水环境治理研究与应用，1069482625@qq.com

通讯作者:
范中亚(1985—)，男，高级工程师，博士，主要从事流域水环境治理研究，fanzhongya@scies.org

中图分类号: X522
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-03
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-25

Effects of dredging on nutrients in sediments in Xiashan Daxi Basin of Lianjiang River

National Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment

摘要

摘要:
以练江峡山大溪流域为研究对象，通过分析疏浚前后10个点位表层沉积物有机质（OM）、总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）浓度以及间隙水和上覆水中氨氮（NH₄ ⁺-N）、TN和TP浓度，以揭示疏浚对表层沉积物营养盐的时空分布及释放过程的影响，并对疏浚后表层沉积物污染状况进行评价。结果表明：疏浚后间隙水和上覆水中TP、TN、NH₄ ⁺-N浓度均显著下降，表层沉积物中OM和TN平均浓度较疏浚前分别下降53.3%、54.5%，有接近1/2点位的表层沉积物出现TP浓度高于疏浚前的现象，疏浚对表层沉积物中营养物移除能力为TN>OM>TP；疏浚后表层沉积物OM、TN和TP污染情况较疏浚前有所改观，但污染程度依然处于较高等级；疏浚后，沉积物中的氮表现为“源”，而磷经历了从“源”到“汇”的转换，表明本次疏浚对表层沉积物间隙水中氮的内源释放有促进作用，对磷的内源释放存在抑制作用，这与本次疏浚的深度、沉积物的理化性质及赋存环境的改变有关。
- 疏浚 /
- 峡山大溪流域 /
- 表层沉积物 /
- 营养盐 /
- 内源释放
Abstract:
To reveal the effects of dredging on the temporal and spatial distribution and the release process of nutrients in surface sediments, the contents of organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) of the surface sediments as well as the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (NH₄ ⁺-N), TN and TP of the interstitial water and the overlying water at 10 points from Xiashan Daxi Basin of Lianjiang River were analyzed before and after dredging, and the pollution status of surface sediments after dredging was also evaluated. The results showed that TP, TN, and NH₄ ⁺-N concentrations in interstitial water and overlying water decreased significantly after dredging. The average concentrations of OM and TN of surface sediments decreased by 53.3% and 54.5%, respectively, compared with those before dredging. TP concentration of surface sediment was higher than that before dredging at nearly half of the points, and the ability of dredging to remove nutrients in surface sediments was TN>OM>TP. The pollution of OM, TN and TP in surface sediments after dredging improved compared with that before dredging, but the pollution level was still high. After dredging, the nitrogen in the sediments displayed as "source", and phosphorus changed from "source" to "sink", indicating that this dredging promoted the internal release of nitrogen in the interstitial water of surface sediment and inhibited the internal release of phosphorus. This was related to the dredging depth, the changes in the physicochemical characteristics of the sediments and the occurrence environment.
- dredging /
- Xiashan Daxi Basin /
- surface sediments /
- nutrients /
- endogenous release

HTML全文

图 1 峡山大溪流域采样点位分布

Figure 1. Distribution of sampling points in Xiashan Daxi Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 疏浚前后各采样点位沉积物粒径分布

注：疏浚前HLG01点位数据缺失。

Figure 2. Distribution of particle size of sediments at various sampling points before and after dredging

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图 3 疏浚前后各采样点位上覆水中NH₄ ⁺-N、TN和TP浓度变化

注：疏浚前DCG01和HDX01点位数据缺失。

Figure 3. Concentration of NH₄ ⁺-N, TN and TP in overlying water at various sampling points before and after dredging

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图 4 疏浚前后各采样点位沉积物间隙水中NH₄ ⁺-N、TN和TP浓度变化

Figure 4. Variation of concentrations of NH₄ ⁺-N, TN and TP in interstitial water at various points before and after dredging

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图 5 疏浚前后各采样点位沉积物中C/N变化

Figure 5. C/N variation of sediments at various sampling points before and after dredging

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图 6 疏浚前后各采样点位沉积物中OM、TN和TP浓度变化

Figure 6. Variation of OM, TN and TP concentrations of sediments at various sampling points before and after dredging

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表 1 沉积物OI评价标准^[18]

Table 1. Assessment standards of sediment organic pollution index

OI	污染程度	污染等级
<0.05	清洁	Ⅰ
0.05~0.2	轻度污染	Ⅱ
0.2~0.5	中度污染	Ⅲ
≥0.5	重度污染	Ⅳ

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 沉积物FF分级标准

Table 2. Classification standards of comprehensive pollution of sediments

FF	污染程度	污染等级
<1.0	清洁	Ⅰ
1.0~1.5	轻度污染	Ⅱ
1.5~2.0	中度污染	Ⅲ
≥2.0	重度污染	Ⅳ

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表 3 疏浚前后峡山大溪流域表层沉积物理化特性

Table 3. Physico-chemical characteristics of surface sediments in Xiashan Daxi Basin before and after dredging

阶段		浓度/（g/kg）			含水率/%	占比/%
阶段		OM	TN	TP	含水率/%	砂	粉砂	黏土
疏浚前	范围	54.2~185	2.64~9.28	0.19~0.609	57.1~87.2	5.73~28.18	50.57~69.39	17.03~27.11
疏浚前	均值	135.5	5.83	0.375	72.95	15.05	62.81	22.14
疏浚后	范围	20.2~143	0.8~5.08	0.05~1.137	47.9~80.2	5.21~35.64	53.2~91.31	6.38~15.88
疏浚后	均值	63.23	2.65	0.389	63.41	20.53	69.91	10.80

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表 4 疏浚前后各采样点位沉积物OI和FF污染程度分级

Table 4. Pollution levels classification of OI and FF indexes of sediments at various sampling points before and after dredging

采样点位	疏浚前OI		疏浚后OI		疏浚前FF		疏浚后FF
采样点位	数值	污染程度	数值	污染程度	数值	污染程度	数值	污染程度
XSDX01	1.09	重度污染	0.64	重度污染	2.10	重度污染	2.13	重度污染
XSDX02	1.97	重度污染	0.38	中度污染	2.61	重度污染	3.32	重度污染
XG01	1.06	重度污染	0.49	中度污染	2.62	重度污染	1.66	中度污染
SMX01	7.67	重度污染	0.09	轻度污染	6.39	重度污染	0.78	清洁
NZG01	7.04	重度污染	0.40	中度污染	4.89	重度污染	1.06	轻度污染
DCG01	8.90	重度污染	2.18	重度污染	6.66	重度污染	2.36	重度污染
DSG01	8.44	重度污染	3.00	重度污染	5.31	重度污染	3.52	重度污染
HDX01	7.00	重度污染	0.55	重度污染	4.77	重度污染	2.55	重度污染
YN01	5.88	重度污染	0.96	重度污染	5.53	重度污染	1.74	中度污染
HLG01	0.79	重度污染	1.28	重度污染	1.96	中度污染	2.21	重度污染

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