基于降水等级分异方法的低影响开发小区雨水径流污染负荷削减率的评估

王生愿; 陈江海; 陈小龙

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210413

基于降水等级分异方法的低影响开发小区雨水径流污染负荷削减率的评估

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210413

1.
北京清控人居环境研究院有限公司
2.
上海勘测设计研究院有限公司

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0802407)

详细信息

作者简介:
王生愿(1987—)，男，工程师，硕士，主要从事流域水环境综合整治等方面研究，153749527@qq.com

中图分类号: X52
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-16

Evaluation of reduction rate of rainwater runoff pollution load in low impact development community based on rainfall grade differentiation method

1.
Beijing Tsinghua Holdings Human Settlements Environment Institute Co., Ltd.
2.
Shanghai Investigation, Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd.

Funds: REN B Z.Study on monitoring the operation of facilities in residential sponge project[J].Urbanism and Architecture,2019,16(20):174-176.

摘要

摘要:
为定量评估低影响开发(LID)技术对雨水径流污染负荷的削减率，选取嘉兴市柳岸禾丰小区作为LID小区，与其临近且下垫面类型相似的浅水湾小区作为传统小区，同步监测小区的外排水量和TP浓度，根据降水等级分异计算2个小区同等降水情景下单位面积污染负荷量，再以传统小区的单位面积污染负荷量为基准核算LID小区的雨水径流污染负荷削减率。结果表明：小雨时，LID设施可消纳其服务范围内的所有径流及所携带的污染物，污染负荷削减率达100%；当降水量增至超过LID设施功能阈值时，污染物削减率开始降低，中雨时降至67%，大雨时降至46%，年均雨水径流污染负荷削减率约为66%。整体来看，LID设施雨水径流污染负荷削减率表现出明显的降水等级差异。采用降水等级分异的方法能够减少降水等级所造成的误差，确保评估结果的精准程度，为小区LID设施建设提供可靠的决策依据。
- 低影响开发(LID)小区 /
- 传统小区 /
- 降水等级分异 /
- 雨水径流；负荷削减率
Abstract:
In order to quantitatively evaluate the reduction rate of low impact development (LID) techniques on rainwater runoff pollution load, Liuan Hefeng Community in Jiaxing City was selected as the LID community, and Bay Community adjacent to it with similar underlying surface types was selected as the traditional community. The external discharge and TP concentration of the communities were monitored simultaneously. Then, the pollution load per unit area of the two communities was calculated according to the rainfall level differentiation under the same rainfall situation. Finally, the reduction rate of rainwater runoff pollution load of LID community was calculated based on the pollution load of unit area of traditional community. The results showed that: In light rain, LID facilities absorbed all the runoff and pollutants within their service range, and achieved a 100% reduction rate of pollution load. With the increase of rainfall, runoff and pollutants carried by it gradually exceeded the functional threshold of LID facilities, and the pollutant abatement rate began to decrease. In moderate rain the reduction rate dropped to 67% and in heavy rain it dropped to 46%. The average annual reduction rate of rainwater runoff pollution load was about 66%. On the whole, the reduction rate of rainwater runoff pollution load of LID facilities showed obvious differences in rainfall levels. The method of rainfall level differentiation could reduce the error caused by rainfall levels and ensure the accuracy of evaluation results, which provided a reliable decision-making basis for LID facility construction in communities.
- low impact development (LID) community /
- traditional community /
- rainfall grade differentiation /
- rainwater runoff ; load reduction rate

HTML全文

图 1 LID小区及传统小区监测点位

Figure 1. Map of monitoring points in LID community and traditional community

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 2014年嘉兴市5 min步长降水量分布

Figure 2. Distribution map of 5 min step length rainfall in Jiaxing in 2014

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 3种情景下LID小区及传统小区的排口流量分布和单位面积产流量对比

Figure 3. Comparison of Discharge distribution and yield per unit area between LID and traditional communities under three rainfall scenarios

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 中雨和大雨情景下LID小区及传统小区TP浓度分布及TP负荷量

Figure 4. TP concentration distribution and TP load of LID and traditional communities under moderate rain and heavy rain

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 不同情景下LID小区及传统小区单位面积污染负荷量对比

Figure 5. Comparison of pollution load per unit area between LID and traditional communities under different scenarios

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 嘉兴市典型年份（2014年）降水等级划分

Table 1. Rainfall grade division of Jiaxing in typical year (2014)

降水等级	日降水量/mm	累计降水量/mm	降水天数/d
大雨（含暴雨）	25~49.9	577.3	15
中雨	10~24.9	371.1	24
小雨	≤10	320.9	97

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 小雨情景下传统小区污染负荷核算

Table 2. Pollution load calculation of traditional communities under light rain

时间/min	间隔时间段流量/L	TP平均浓度/(mg/L)	总污染负荷量/mg
0	76.20	0.12	9.14
5	121.20	0.23	27.88
10	126.30	0.09	11.37
20	186.30	0.13	24.22
30	49.80	0.15	7.47
60	720.60	0.19	136.91
90	261.90	0.15	39.29
120	318.60	0.11	35.05
合计	1 860.90		291.32

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表 3 中雨情景下LID小区及传统小区污染负荷核算

Table 3. Pollution load accounting of LID and traditional communities under moderate rain

时间/min	间隔时间段流量/L		TP浓度/(mg/L)		总污染负荷量/mg
时间/min	LID小区	传统小区	LID小区	传统小区	LID小区	传统小区
0	797.88	1 080.72	0.13	0.15	106.12	166.43
5	472.32	1 442.34	0.11	0.12	53.37	174.52
10	460.50	919.86	0.10	0.12	46.05	113.14
20	443.34	1 452.18	0.10	0.12	44.33	171.36
30	1 624.98	3 966.48	0.11	0.13	183.62	511.68
60	658.86	3 456.66	0.08	0.10	52.71	342.21
90	45.18	10.59	0.10	0.10	4.52	1.09
120	4.14	6.12	0.09	0.11	0.37	0.64
合计	4 507.20	12 334.95			491.10	1 481.07

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表 4 大雨情景下LID小区及传统小区污染负荷核算

Table 4. Pollution load calculation of LID community and traditional communities under heavy rain

时间/min	间隔时间段流量/L		TP平均浓度/(mg/L)		总污染负荷量/mg
时间/min	LID小区	传统小区	LID小区	传统小区	LID小区	传统小区
0	1.56	8 723.10	0.14	0.16	0.22	1 369.53
5	1 745.34	13 797.30	0.10	0.14	179.77	1 973.01
10	4 764.30	16 271.10	0.10	0.15	466.90	2 473.21
20	15 042.84	56 027.40	0.13	0.14	2 015.74	7 675.75
40	41 128.86	112 511.40	0.14	0.19	5 922.56	21 264.65
70	61 743.72	108 763.50	0.16	0.18	10 125.97	19 251.14
100	50 469.90	63 590.76	0.15	0.16	7 570.49	10 301.70
130	47 798.58	56 109.96	0.16	0.17	7 695.57	9 258.14
160	17 954.64	21 564.48	0.15	0.17	2 729.11	3 665.96
合计	240 649.74	457 359.00			36 706.32	77 233.10

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