人工湖草型清水态生态系统构建技术研究与实践

王建富; 辛玮光; 张超; 刘鸿渐; 李娜; 惠介龙; 李颖

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210392

人工湖草型清水态生态系统构建技术研究与实践—以西北某新建人工湖为例

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210392

1.
北京清华同衡规划设计研究院有限公司
2.
西安昆明池投资开发有限公司

基金项目: 国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（2012ZX07302002-008）

详细信息

作者简介:
王建富（1989—），男，工程师，硕士，主要从事水环境综合治理、海绵城市、排水防涝研究，964534101@qq.com

中图分类号: X524
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-10

Research and practice on the construction technology of macrophytes-dominated clear water ecosystem in the artificial lake: taking a new artificial lake in the northwest as an example

1.
Beijing Tsinghua Tongheng Urban Planning and Design Institute
2.
Xi'an Kunming Lake Investment and Development Co., Ltd.

摘要

摘要:
基于湖泊生态修复理论和已有工程案例成果，提出了新建人工湖草型清水态生态系统构建的方法，即通过生境条件优化，水生动物、水生植物、微生物系统构建，同时定期观测调试和维护管理，形成以沉水植物为核心，具有较强抵抗能力和自我恢复能力的草型清水态生态系统。以西北某新建人工湖为例，采用提出的方法构建了水生态系统，该人工湖运行1年后主要水质指标（除TN外）基本达到GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅲ类水质标准；湖内广泛分布有光叶眼子菜、黑藻等5种沉水植物，沉水植物对污染物具有较好的净化效果，形成了较稳定的草型清水态生态系统。
- 人工湖 /
- 草型清水态生态系统 /
- 水生植物 /
- 水生动物 /
- 治理成效
Abstract:
According to the lake ecological restoration theory and engineering practice cases, the construction technology of macrophytes-dominated clear water ecosystem of a new artificial lake was proposed. Through the habitat optimization and the construction of aquatic animals, aquatic plants and microbial systems, as well as regular observation, debugging and maintenance management, a macrophytes-dominated clear water ecosystem was formed with submerged plants as the core, which had strong resistance and self-recovery capabilities. Taking an artificial lake in the northwest as an example, the proposed method was used to construct a water ecosystem. After one year of operation, the main water quality indexes (except TN) reached Class Ⅲ water quality standard of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002). In the lake, 5 submersed aquatic plants were widely distributed, such as Potamogeton lucens Linn and Hydrilla verticillata, and had a good reduction effect on pollutants. And a stable macrophytes-dominated clear water ecosystem was realized.
- new artificial lake /
- macrophytes-dominated clear water ecosystem /
- aquatic plant /
- aquatic animals /
- governance effect

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图 1 人工湖水生态系统构建思路

Figure 1. Ideas for water ecosystem construction of artificial lake

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图 2 西北某人工湖现状示意

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the status of the artificial lake in northwest China

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图 3 西北某人工湖水生态系统构建技术路线

Figure 3. Technical route for aquatic ecosystem construction of the artificial lake in northwest China

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图 4 西北某人工湖推流曝气设备位置示意

Figure 4. Diagram of push flow aeration equipment location of the artificial lake in northwest China

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图 5 西北某人工湖沉水植物建群种配置示意

Figure 5. Configuration of submerged macrophyte communities of the artificial lake in northwest China

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图 6 西北某人工湖水生植物分布与生长状况

Figure 6. Distribution and growth of aquatic plants in the artificial lake in northwest China

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图 7 2019年8月—2020年8月人工湖进出水水质变化

Figure 7. Variation of inflow and outflow water quality of the artificial lake from August 2019 to August 2020

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表 1 几种常见鱼类和大型底栖动物

Table 1. Several common fish and large benthic animals

生态位	滤食性	草食性	杂食性	腐屑食性	底栖食性	肉食性
中上层	鳙鱼(Hypophthalmichthys nobilis)、鲢鱼(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix )					鲌鱼(Anabarilius )
中下层		草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)、鳊鱼(Parabramis pekinensis )				鲶鱼(Silurus asotus )
底层			鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)、鲫鱼(Carassius auratus auratus)	黄尾密鲴(Xenocypris davidi Bleeker )	青鱼(Mylopharyngodon piceus )	鳜鱼(Siniperca chuatsi)、乌鳢(Channa argus )
底层	铜锈环棱螺(Bellamya aeruginosa)、背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana)、梨形环棱螺(Bellamya purificata )		青虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)、耳萝卜螺(Radix auricularia)、青虾			黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco )

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表 2 西北某人工湖主要水生植物群落配置

Table 2. Disposition of aquatic plant communities of the artificial lake in northwest China

水深/m	植物类型	群落组成	种植密度	种植面积/hm²
0~0.50	挺水植物	再力花	4丛/m²，12芽/丛	0.1
		芦苇	20株/m²	0.2
		黄菖蒲	16丛/m²，3芽/丛	0.3
0.50~3.67	浮叶植物	睡莲	0.5头/m²	3.6
≥3.67	沉水植物	光叶眼子菜	5丛/m²，3芽/丛	7.2
		苦草	18丛/m²，2株/丛	6.8
		伊乐藻	8丛/m²，15芽/丛	7.0
		金鱼藻	2丛/m²，3芽/丛	9.0

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