Spatial-temporal differentiation and influencing factors of coupling coordination between urbanization and eco-environmental quality in Liaoning Province from 2005 to 2019
-
摘要:
城镇化发展的核心目的是引领城市与生态环境和谐共生，可持续发展。辽宁省作为东北老工业基地之一，研究其城镇化与生态环境质量的协调关系，对于辽宁省城市可持续发展具有重要意义。综合运用耦合度、耦合协调度和地理探测器等方法对辽宁省2005—2019年城镇化与生态环境质量指数、耦合协调度及影响因子进行实证分析。结果表明，2005—2019年辽宁省城镇化与生态环境质量指数为2.44～4.79，总体上升趋势明显，城镇化指数空间上呈沈阳市、大连市为高值核心区域，四周聚集发展的态势，生态环境质量指数呈沈阳市为核心区，周围聚集发展趋势；省级尺度耦合协调度保持稳定上升，局部地区以濒临失调和勉强失调为主，空间分布上呈沈阳市、大连市为高值区域，东西部低的格局；生态环境治理、经济城镇化和社会城镇化子系统所涉及的影响因子对不同时期城镇化与生态环境质量耦合协调度因子探测力值贡献较大，主要影响因子有建成区面积、参加基本养老保险人数、生活垃圾清运量和城市污水日处理能力等。辽宁省城镇化与生态环境质量整体向好发展，耦合协调度有待提高，政府应继续注重生态环境的治理工作，加大环境保护力度，提高人民生活质量。
Abstract:The core of urbanization strategy is to guide the city and the ecological environment to coexist harmoniously and take the road of sustainable development. Liaoning Province is one of the old industrial bases in northeast China, so it is of great significance to study the coordinated relationship between urbanization and eco-environment quality for the sustainable development of Liaoning Province. Coupling degree, coupling coordination degree and geographical detector were used to empirically analyze the urbanization and eco-environmental quality index, coupling coordination degree and influencing factors of Liaoning Province from 2005 to 2019. The results showed that the urbanization and eco-environmental quality index of the province from 2005 to 2019 ranged from 2.44 to 4.79, with an obvious upward trend on the whole. The urbanization index showed a spatial trend of Shenyang and Dalian as the high-value core area with cluster development of surroundings; the eco-environmental quality index showed the trend of Shenyang as the core area with cluster development of surroundings. The coupling coordination degree of provincial scale kept rising steadily, and the regional coupling coordination degree was mainly near disorder and barely disorder, and the spatial distribution pattern was high in Shenyang and Dalian, and low in eastern and western regions. The influence factors involved in the subsystems of ecological environment governance, economic urbanization and social urbanization contribute greatly to the detection power value of the coupling coordination factor between urbanization and ecological environment quality in different periods. The main influencing factors included the built-up area, the number of people participating in the basic endowment insurance, the transportation volume of domestic garbage and the daily treatment capacity of urban sewage. The overall development of urbanization and eco-environment quality in Liaoning Province was good, and the coupling coordination degree needed to be improved. The government should continue to pay attention to eco-environment governance, strengthen environmental protection, and improve people's quality of life.
-
图 2 辽宁省城镇化指数与生态环境质量指数年际变化
Figure 2. Interannual changes of urbanization quality index and eco-environment quality index in Liaoning Province
图 3 辽宁省城镇化子系统各指标演变趋势
Figure 3. Evolution trend of indicators of urbanization system in Liaoning Province
图 4 辽宁省生态环境质量子系统各指标演变趋势
Figure 4. Evolution trend of indicators of eco-environmental quality subsystem in Liaoning Province
图 5 辽宁省城镇化指数时空分异
Figure 5. Spatial and temporal variation of urbanization index in Liaoning Province
图 6 辽宁省生态环境质量指数时空分异
Figure 6. Spatial-temporal pattern change of eco-environmental quality index in Liaoning Province
图 7 辽宁省城镇化与生态环境质量耦合协调度时空分异
Figure 7. Spatial-temporal pattern change of coupling coordination degree between urbanization and eco-environmental quality in Liaoning Province
表 1 基于耦合度的耦合类型划分标准
Table 1. Coupling type classification standard based on coupling degree
0<C≤0.3 0.3<C≤0.5 0.5<C≤0.8 0.8<C<1 分离阶段 拮抗阶段 磨合阶段 耦合阶段 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 耦合协调度类型和等级划分标准
Table 2. Coupling coordination degree types and grade classification criteria
类型 协调等级 D 子类型 失调衰退类 1 ≥0~0.1 极度失调 2 ≥0.10~0.20 严重失调 3 ≥0.2~0.3 中度失调 4 ≥0.3~0.4 轻度失调 过渡类 5 ≥0.4~0.5 濒临失调 6 ≥0.5~0.6 勉强协调 7 ≥0.6~0.7 初级协调 耦合协调类 8 ≥0.7~0.8 中级协调 9 ≥0.8~0.9 良好协调 10 ≥0.9~1.0 优质协调
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 城镇化与生态环境质量评价指标体系
Table 3. Evaluation index system of urbanization and ecological environment quality
系统 子系统层 权重 指标层 信息熵 冗余度 权重 城镇化系统 人口城镇化
（正向指标）0.209 5 城市人口占总人口比例/% 0.963 5 0.036 5 0.061 8 城市人口密度/（人/km2） 0.942 4 0.057 6 0.097 5 第三产业从业人员比例/% 0.970 4 0.029 6 0.050 2 空间城镇化
（正向指标）0.186 4 建成区面积/km2 0.943 1 0.056 9 0.096 4 人均城市道路面积/m2 0.983 5 0.016 5 0.028 0 城市建设用地占市区面积比例/% 0.963 4 0.036 6 0.062 0 经济城镇化
（正向指标）0.306 6 人均GDP/元 0.965 4 0.034 6 0.058 7 城镇居民人均可支配收入/元 0.961 8 0.038 2 0.064 7 全社会固定资产投资/万元 0.891 9 0.108 1 0.183 2 社会城镇化
（正向指标）0.297 4 每千人医疗机构床位数 0.976 8 0.023 2 0.039 3 参加基本养老保险人数/万人 0.923 1 0.076 9 0.130 3 每万人在校大学生数 0.924 6 0.075 4 0.127 8 生态环境质量系统
生态环境状态
（正向指标）0.364 9 建成区绿化覆盖率/% 0.991 3 0.008 7 0.028 4 人均农作物播种面积/(hm2/人) 0.939 0 0.061 0 0.198 6 人均公园绿地面积/(m2/人) 0.988 6 0.011 4 0.036 9 人均日生活用水量/(L/人) 0.969 0 0.031 0 0.101 0
生态环境压力
（负向指标）0.039 8 人均工业固体废物产生量/(t/人) 0.998 2 0.001 8 0.006 0 人均工业废水排放量/(t/人) 0.994 7 0.005 3 0.017 1 人均工业二氧化硫排放量/(t/人) 0.996 0 0.004 0 0.013 2 人均工业烟粉尘排放量/(t/人) 0.998 9 0.001 1 0.003 5
生态环境治理
（正向指标）0.595 2 生活垃圾清运量/(t/人) 0.933 0 0.067 0 0.218 1 生活垃圾无害化处理率/% 0.997 2 0.002 8 0.009 1 工业固体废物综合利用率/% 0.976 9 0.023 1 0.075 2 城市污水日处理能力/万m3 0.910 0 0.090 0 0.292 8 注：城市人口占总人口比例、城市人口密度、城市建设用地占市区面积比例、建成区绿化覆盖率为市辖区数据，其余均为全市数据。
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 2005—2019年辽宁省城镇化与生态环境质量耦合度和耦合协调度
Table 4. Summary of coupling coupling degree and coordination degree between urbanization and eco-environmental quality in Liaoning Province from 2005 to 2019
年份 C 耦合度子类型 D 耦合协调度子类型 2005 1.000 耦合阶段 0.100 严重失调 2006 0.926 耦合阶段 0.280 中度失调 2007 0.904 耦合阶段 0.376 轻度失调 2008 0.893 耦合阶段 0.459 濒临失调 2009 0.880 耦合阶段 0.505 勉强失调 2010 0.934 耦合阶段 0.610 初级协调 2011 0.913 耦合阶段 0.651 初级协调 2012 0.927 耦合阶段 0.729 中级协调 2013 0.978 耦合阶段 0.795 中级协调 2014 0.959 耦合阶段 0.818 良好协调 2015 0.974 耦合阶段 0.828 良好协调 2016 0.994 耦合阶段 0.825 良好协调 2017 0.999 耦合阶段 0.914 优质协调 2018 1.000 耦合阶段 0.966 优质协调 2019 1.000 耦合阶段 0.995 优质协调
下载: 导出CSV
表 5 辽宁省各市城镇化与生态环境质量耦合度和耦合协调度
Table 5. Summary of coupling degree and coupling coordination degree between urbanization and eco-environmental quality in cities of Liaoning Province
城市 2005年 2010年 2015年 2019年 C D C D C D C D 沈阳市 0.999 0.656 0.998 0.749 0.999 0.849 1.000 0.859 大连市 1.000 0.574 0.964 0.643 0.969 0.705 1.000 0.765 鞍山市 0.996 0.480 0.984 0.526 0.989 0.559 0.992 0.571 抚顺市 0.987 0.452 0.953 0.472 0.986 0.512 0.993 0.527 本溪市 0.999 0.375 0.995 0.430 0.987 0.460 1.000 0.515 丹东市 0.979 0.361 0.996 0.433 1.000 0.463 0.994 0.495 锦州市 0.995 0.458 1.000 0.519 0.998 0.543 0.999 0.580 营口市 0.991 0.394 0.997 0.451 0.979 0.482 0.988 0.546 阜新市 0.949 0.463 0.964 0.522 0.990 0.573 0.998 0.570 辽阳市 0.985 0.407 0.994 0.490 0.992 0.460 1.000 0.520 盘锦市 0.999 0.461 0.993 0.505 0.979 0.559 0.999 0.539 铁岭市 0.707 0.306 0.916 0.422 0.926 0.446 0.981 0.494 朝阳市 0.751 0.287 0.872 0.353 0.936 0.411 0.968 0.518 葫芦岛市 0.835 0.327 0.961 0.381 0.967 0.428 0.993 0.486
下载: 导出CSV
表 6 2005年和2019年耦合协调度影响因子探测结果
Table 6. Detection results of influence factors of coupling coordination degree in 2005 and 2019
系统层 子系统层 因子探测力（q） 指标层 因子探测力（q） 2005年 2019年 2005年 2019年 城镇化系统 人口城镇化 1.747 0.774 城市人口占总人口比例 0.490 0.352 城市人口密度 0.588 0.217 第三产业从业人员比例 0.669 0.205 空间城镇化 1.808 1.507 建成区面积 0.680 0.948 人均城市道路面积 0.815 0.178 城市建设用地占市区面积比例 0.313 0.381 经济城镇化 1.987 2.629 人均GDP 0.603 0.773 城镇居民人均可支配收入 0.654 0.916 全社会固定资产投资 0.730 0.940 社会城镇化 2.226 2.567 每千人医疗机构床位数 0.761 0.678 参加基本养老保险人数 0.724 0.944 每万人在校大学生数 0.741 0.945 生态环境质量系统 生态环境状态 1.487 0.376 建成区绿化覆盖率 0.365 0.109 人均农作物播种面积 0.161 0.055 人均公园绿地面积 0.660 0.071 人均日生活用水量 0.301 0.141 生态环境压力 1.319 0.777 人均工业固体废物产生量 0.315 0.175 人均工业废水排放量 0.196 0.169 人均工业二氧化硫排放量 0.438 0.251 人均工业烟粉尘排放量 0.370 0.182 生态环境治理 2.299 3.096 生活垃圾清运量 0.780 0.940 生活垃圾无害化处理率 0.553 0.912 工业固体废物综合利用率 0.290 0.315 城市污水日处理能力 0.676 0.929
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 陈锡才, 彭燕梅, 王学良, 等.长江经济带人口与土地城市化协调度的空间特征与形成机理[J]. 水土保持研究,2021(5):375-379.CHEN X C, PENG Y M, WANG X L, et al. Spatial feature and its formation mechanism of the population and land urbanization coordination degree in the Yangtze River Economic Belt[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2021(5):375-379. [2] 向春玲.中国特色城镇化道路的探索与选择[J]. 江苏行政学院学报,2004(6):61-66.XIANG C L. Exploration and choice of the path for urbanization with Chinese characteristics[J]. The Journal of Jiangsu Administration Institute,2004(6):61-66. [3] 项继权.城镇化的“中国问题”及其解决之道[J]. 华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2011,50(1):1-8. [4] 张元庆.城镇化、农民工内生性市民化与制度激励[J]. 财经科学,2016(1):121-132. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8306.2016.01.012ZHANG Y Q. Urbanization, migrant workers' endogenous urbanization and institutional incentives[J]. Finance & Economics,2016(1):121-132. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8306.2016.01.012 [5] 徐成龙, 庄贵阳.新型城镇化下城镇可持续发展的内涵解析与差异化特征探讨[J]. 生态经济,2021,37(1):77-82.XU C L, ZHUANG G Y. Exploration on the connotation and differentiation of urban sustainable development under new-type urbanization[J]. Ecological Economy,2021,37(1):77-82. [6] GROSSMAN G M, KRUEGER A B. Economic growth and the environment[J]. The Quarterly Journal of Economics,1995,110(2):353-377. doi: 10.2307/2118443 [7] 刘艳艳, 王少剑.珠三角地区城市化与生态环境的交互胁迫关系及耦合协调度[J]. 人文地理,2015,30(3):64-71.LIU Y Y, WANG S J. Coupling coordinative degree and interactive coercing relationship between urbanization and eco-environment in Pearl River Delta[J]. Human Geography,2015,30(3):64-71. [8] 聂艳, 雷文华, 周勇, 等.区域城市化与生态环境耦合时空变异特征: 以湖北省为例[J]. 中国土地科学,2008,22(11):56-62. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8158.2008.11.010NIE Y, LEI W H, ZHOU Y, et al. Research on spatio-temporal variation characteristic of regional urbanization and eco-environment coupling: a case of Hubei Province[J]. China Land Science,2008,22(11):56-62. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8158.2008.11.010 [9] 黄莘绒, 管卫华, 陈明星, 等.长三角城市群城镇化与生态环境质量优化研究[J]. 地理科学,2021,41(1):64-73.HUANG X R, GUAN W H, CHEN M X, et al. Urbanization and optimization of the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica,2021,41(1):64-73. [10] 黄冬梅, 刘小玉, 郑庆昌, 等.多中心格局对城镇化与生态环境耦合协调发展的影响研究: 以福建省两大都市区为例[J]. 生态学报,2020,40(21):7886-7896.HUANG D M, LIU X Y, ZHENG Q C, et al. Effects of polycentric mode on the coupling and coordinated development between urbanization and ecological environment: a case study of two metropolitan areas in Fujian Province[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2020,40(21):7886-7896. [11] 宋学锋, 刘耀彬.城市化与生态环境的耦合度模型及其应用[J]. 科技导报,2005,23(5):31-33. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-7857.2005.05.011SONG X F, LIU Y B. Coupling degree model of urbanization and ecological environment and its application[J]. Science & Technology Review,2005,23(5):31-33. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-7857.2005.05.011 [12] 刘耀彬, 宋学锋.区域城市化与生态环境耦合性分析: 以江苏省为例[J]. 中国矿业大学学报,2006,35(2):182-187. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-1964.2006.02.009LIU Y B, SONG X F. Study of coupling characteristics between regional urbanization and eco-environment: taking Jiangsu Province a case[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2006,35(2):182-187. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-1964.2006.02.009 [13] 杨亮洁, 张小鸿, 潘竟虎, 等.成渝城市群城镇化与生态环境耦合协调及交互影响[J]. 应用生态学报,2021,32(3):993-1004.YANG L J, ZHANG X H, PAN J H, et al. Coupling coordination and interaction between urbanization and eco-environment in Cheng-Yu Urban Agglomeration, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2021,32(3):993-1004. [14] 马艳.长江经济带城镇化与生态环境耦合协调效应测度与交互胁迫关系验证[J]. 长江流域资源与环境,2020,29(2):275-286.MA Y. Examining the coupling degree and interactive stress between urbanization and eco-environment in Yangtze River Economic Belt[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2020,29(2):275-286. [15] 纪学朋, 黄贤金, 陈逸, 等.基于陆海统筹视角的国土空间开发建设适宜性评价: 以辽宁省为例[J]. 自然资源学报,2019,34(3):451-463. doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20190301JI X P, HUANG X J, CHEN Y, et al. Comprehensive suitability evaluation of spatial development and construction land in the perspective of land-ocean co-ordination: a case study of Liaoning Province, China[J]. Journal of Natural Resources,2019,34(3):451-463. doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20190301 [16] 胡祥福, 余陈燚, 蒋正云, 等.江西省新型城镇化与生态环境耦合协调度及空间分异研究[J]. 生态经济,2020,36(4):75-81.HU X F, YU C Y, JIANG Z Y, et al. Research on the coordination degree and spatial differentiation of new urbanization and ecological environment in Jiangxi Province[J]. Ecological Economy,2020,36(4):75-81. [17] 李妍林,阮久莉,王艺博,等.煤炭工业资源-环境-经济耦合协调分析:以榆林市为例[J]. 环境工程技术学报,2022,12(1):260-266.LI Y L,YUAN J L,WANG Y B,et al. Analysis on the coupling coordination of resource-environment-economy of coal industry: a case of Yulin City[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2022,12(1):260-266. [18] 孙徐阳, 李卫明, 粟一帆, 等.香溪河流域水生态系统健康评价[J]. 环境科学研究,2021,34(3):599-606.SUN X Y, LI W M, SU Y F, et al. Health assessment of aquatic ecosystem in Xiangxi River Basin, China[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2021,34(3):599-606. [19] 孙黄平, 黄震方, 徐冬冬, 等.泛长三角城市群城镇化与生态环境耦合的空间特征与驱动机制[J]. 经济地理,2017,37(2):163-170.SUN H P, HUANG Z F, XU D D, et al. The spatial characteristics and drive mechanism of coupling relationship between urbanization and eco-environment in the Pan Yangtze River Delta[J]. Economic Geography,2017,37(2):163-170. [20] 贾振宇, 王世曦, 刘学, 等.辽河保护区土壤保持功能时空变化及其影响因素分析[J]. 环境工程技术学报,2021,11(4):686-692. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200231JIA Z Y, WANG S X, LIU X, et al. Spatial and temporal variation of soil conservation function and its in fluencing factors in Liaohe Conservation Area[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2021,11(4):686-692. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200231 [21] 赵建吉, 刘岩, 朱亚坤, 等.黄河流域新型城镇化与生态环境耦合的时空格局及影响因素[J]. 资源科学,2020,42(1):159-171.ZHAO J J, LIU Y, ZHU Y K, et al. Spatiotemporal differentiation and influencing factors of the coupling and coordinated development of new urbanization and ecological environment in the Yellow River Basin[J]. Resources Science,2020,42(1):159-171. [22] 吉婷婷, 王细元.江淮生态大走廊城市化与生态环境耦合特征及其影响因素研究[J]. 水资源与水工程学报,2019,30(2):107-113.JI T T, WANG X Y. Coupling interaction and its factors between urbanization and eco-environment in ecological corridor of Yangtze-Huai River[J]. Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,2019,30(2):107-113. [23] 韩燕, 张玉婷.甘肃省城镇化与生态环境耦合协调度[J]. 水土保持研究,2021,28(3):256-263.HAN Y, ZHANG Y T. Coupling and coordination development between urbanization and eco-environment in Gansu Province[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2021,28(3):256-263. [24] 刘海军, 崔东, 闫俊杰, 等.伊宁市城市化与生态环境耦合协调性评价与分析[J]. 环境科学与技术,2019,42(3):230-236.LIU H J, CUI D, YAN J J, et al. Evaluation and analysis of coupling and coordination between urbanization and ecological environment in Yining[J]. Environmental Science & Technology,2019,42(3):230-236. [25] 刘春雨, 刘英英, 丁饶干.福建省新型城镇化与生态环境的耦合分析[J]. 应用生态学报,2018,29(9):3043-3050.LIU C Y, LIU Y Y, DING R G. Coupling analysis between new-type urbanization and ecological environment in Fujian Province, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2018,29(9):3043-3050. [26] 李晓庆, 姜博, 米媛, 等.黑龙江省资源型城市城镇化质量与生态环境承载力耦合分析[J]. 江苏农业科学,2018,46(8):259-263.LI X Q, JIANG B, MI Y, et al. Coupling analysis between quality of urbanization and carrying capacity of eco-environment in Heilongjiang Province[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2018,46(8):259-263. [27] 曹秉帅, 单楠, 顾羊羊, 等.呼伦湖流域生态安全评价及时空分布格局变化趋势研究[J]. 环境科学研究,2021,34(4):801-811.CAO B S, SHAN N, GU Y Y, et al. Evaluation of ecological security in Hulun Lake watershed and its spatio-temporal distribution trend[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2021,34(4):801-811. [28] 郝明家, 赵玉强, 薛冰, 等.沈阳市“十二五”环境保护研究[J]. 环境保护科学,2011,37(1):49-52. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-6216.2011.01.015HAO M J, ZHAO Y Q, XUE B, et al. Study on environment protection during the 12th five-year plan period in Shenyang[J]. Environmental Protection Science,2011,37(1):49-52. ⊕ doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-6216.2011.01.015 -
下载:
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 374
- HTML全文浏览量: 224
- PDF下载量: 29
- 被引次数: 0
