Research progress of industrial waste salt thermal treatment technologies
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摘要:
随着我国经济快速发展，工业固体废物产量不断增多，特别是化工、制药、印染等行业产生的大量有害工业废盐对人体健康和自然环境安全造成了严重的威胁，同时也制约着企业的快速发展。在总结近年我国工业废盐处理处置方法的基础上，介绍了工业废盐的产量、特征和危害，以及工业废盐处理的常规方法，重点分析了当前工业废盐热处理技术，其中包括传统热处理技术和新型热处理技术。在传统热处理技术中，主要介绍了回转窑焚烧技术、流化床焚烧技术和液体喷射焚烧技术等。在新型热处理技术中，介绍了悬浮炉处理技术、分级碳化技术、熔融盐氧化技术、高温热管技术和微波吸收技术。对比分析了不同热处理技术处理效果和优缺点，系统梳理了我国工业废盐热处理技术的最新发展进程。此外，探讨了工业废盐热处理技术过程中有机污染物的消除机制，包括活性氧的产生机理以及有机污染物消除随温度的变化情况。最后，总结了在热处理过程中废盐所含的非金属元素（主要为N和S等）、重金属元素迁移转化规律，以及二噁英可能造成的二次污染问题。
Abstract:The rapid development of economy in China has resulted in the mass production of industrial solid wastes. Especially in the chemical, pharmaceutical, printing and dyeing industries, the large amount of hazardous industrial waste salts has caused a serious threat to human health and the safety of the natural environment and restricted the rapid development of enterprises as well. On the basis of summarizing the treatment and disposal methods of industrial waste salts in China in recent years, the output, characteristics and hazards of industrial waste salts were introduced, and the common methods for the treatment of industrial waste salt were reviewed. Current thermal treatment technologies used in disposal of industrial waste salts in China were analyzed, including both traditional and new-type thermal treatment technologies. The traditional thermal treatment technologies such as incineration in a rotary kiln, incineration in a fluidized bed, and liquid jet incineration and new-type thermal treatment technologies such as incineration in a suspended furnace, graded carbonization, molten salt oxidation, high-temperature thermal pipe technology and microwave absorption technology were investigated. The treatment effects, advantages and disadvantages of different thermal treatment technologies were compared and analyzed, and the latest development progress of industrial waste salt thermal treatment technologies in China was systematically combed. In addition, the elimination mechanisms of organic pollutants in the process of these technologies were discussed, including the generation mechanism of reactive oxygen and the change of organic pollutant elimination with temperature. Finally, the migration and transformation law of non-metal elements (mainly N and S, etc.) and heavy metal elements contained in waste salts in process of thermal treatment, and the possible secondary pollution caused by dioxins were summarized.
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Key words:
- industrial waste salt /
- resource utilization /
- thermal treatment /
- secondary pollution /
- hazardous waste
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图 2 二级热风焚烧炉示意[46]
1—一级回转窑；2—二级回转窑；3—一级热风炉；4—二级热风炉；5、6—加料器；7—引风机；8—排湿机；9—进料口；10—排料口
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of secondary hot blast stove incinerator
图 4 循环流化床焚烧炉示意[42]
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of circulating fluidized bed incinerator
图 7 悬浮炉处理工业废盐流程[65]
Figure 7. Flow chart for the treatment of industrial waste salt in a suspension furnace
图 8 工业废盐分级分解碳化无害化处理工艺流程[68]
Figure 8. Process flow chart of harmless treatment of industrial waste salts by hierarchical decomposition and carbonization
图 9 基于沸腾炉和高温热管炉的工业废盐处理装置示意[76]
1—沸腾炉；2—出料塔；3—余热回收腔；4—余热回收塔；5—重力热管；6—毛细热管；11—进料口，12—炉排；13—燃气管道；14—第一热风管道；15—第一引风装置；21—排气口；22—出料口；41—上端口；42—下端口；44—第二热风管道；45—第二引风装置
Figure 9. Schematic diagram of industrial waste salt treatment device based on boiling furnace and high temperature thermal pipe
图 10 基于微波吸收介质的工业废盐处理装置示意[79]
1—进口空气气流；2—空气进口管口；3—空气进口微波挡板；4—废盐和微波吸收介质的混合物；5—微波处理器；6—搅拌桨；7—搅拌轴；8—搅拌电机；9—微波发生器；10—气体出口管微波挡板；11—风机；12—尾气处理器；13—气体脱硫脱硝脱酸装置；14—废气出口
Figure 10. Schematic diagram of industrial waste salt treatment device based on microwave absorption medium
图 11 热处理技术处理工业废盐的一般流程[81]
Figure 11. General process of thermal treatment technologies for the treatment of industrial waste salt
图 13 不同炉温和停留时间SO2的生成特性[97]
Figure 13. Formation characteristics of sulfur dioxide at different furnace temperatures and residence times
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