基于微生物生物完整性指数的北京市城市河道生态系统健康评价

董婧; 卢少奇; 伍娟丽; 王子康; 王恒嘉; 徐菲

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210368

基于微生物生物完整性指数的北京市城市河道生态系统健康评价

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210368

董婧^{1, 2,},
卢少奇^{1, 2},
伍娟丽^{1, 2},
王子康³,
王恒嘉^{1, 2},
徐菲^{1, 2}

1.
北京市环境保护科学研究院
2.
国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心
3.
首都师范大学

基金项目: 北京市环境保护科学研究院基金项目（Y2010-010）；北京市环境保护科学研究院纵向结余项目（JZ2020-005，JZ2021-008）

详细信息

作者简介:
董婧(1984—)，女，高级工程师，博士，长期从事环境污染治理技术研究，dongjing1098@sina.com

中图分类号: X826
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-02

Evaluation of urban river ecosystem health in Beijing based on the microbial index of biotic integrity

DONG Jing^{1, 2
,},
LU Shaoqi^{1, 2},
WU Juanli^{1, 2},
WANG Zikang³,
WANG Hengjia^{1, 2},
XU Fei^{1, 2}

1.
Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection
2.
National Engineering Research Center for Urban Environmental Pollution Control
3.
Capital Normal University

摘要

摘要:
生物完整性指数（IBI）是河道生态系统健康评价的重要且被广泛应用的指标，然而，基于水体中分解者微生物群落构建IBI评价标准的研究较少。针对北京市城市河道生态系统健康状况开展评价，探索微生物生物完整性指数(M-IBI)评价流程与标准构建方法。基于沉积物中微生物Illumina高通量测序信息，筛选出关键环境因子（水质指标TN、TP、NH₃-N、NO₃-N和NO₂-N）确定候选生物指标，根据判别能力分析结果，确定Shannon指数、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidota）相对丰度、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）相对丰度、蓝藻门（Cyanobacteria）相对丰度、COD_Cr耐受属相对丰度和NH₃-N清洁属相对丰度6个指标，提出了指标标准化公式和健康评价标准。结果表明，以自然水体为补水的永定河各采样点评价结果均为健康状态，其他3条以城镇再生水厂出水为补水的河道中，清河4个采样点为健康至亚健康状态，凉水河5个采样点为健康至一般状态，大龙河4个采样点为亚健康至一般状态。M-IBI可以有效区分不同程度的受损点位，较合理地评价城市河道生态系统健康状况。
- 微生物生物完整性指数(M-IBI) /
- 生态系统 /
- 城市河道 /
- 健康评价 /
- 微生物群落结构
Abstract:
The index of biotic integrity (IBI) is an important and widely used indicator for the evaluation of river ecosystem health. However, there are few studies on the construction of IBI evaluation criteria based on the use of decomposer microbial communities in water. The evaluation of the ecosystem health of urban rivers in Beijing was carried out, and the evaluation process and criteria construction method of the microbial index of biotic integrity (M-IBI) were explored. Based on the high-throughput sequencing information of microbial Illumina in the sediments, the key environmental factors were screened (water quality indicators TN, TP, NH₃-N, NO₃-N and NO₂-N), and candidate biological parameters were determined. According to the results of discriminant analysis, six indexes were determined, including Shannon index, relative abundance of Bacteroidota, relative abundance of Chloroflexi, relative abundance of Cyanobacteria, relative abundances of COD_Cr tolerance genus and relative abundances of ammonia nitrogen clean genus. The standardized formula of parameters and the health evaluation standards were put forward. The evaluation results showed that each sampling point of the Yongding River supplied by natural water was evaluated as healthy state. Among the other three rivers, supplied by the effluent of the urban reclaimed water plant, four sampling points of the Qinghe River were evaluated as healthy to sub-healthy state, five sampling points of the Liangshui River were evaluated as healthy to general state, and four sampling points of the Dalong River were evaluated as sub-health to general state. M-IBI could effectively distinguish the damaged points of different degrees and give a reasonable evaluation of the health status of the urban river ecosystem.
- microbial index of biotic integrity (M-IBI) /
- ecosystem /
- urban river /
- health evaluation /
- microbial community structure

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图 1 4条城市河道采样点位置

Figure 1. Location of 4 urban river sampling points

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图 2 各采样点微生物门水平群落结构与环境因子相关的RDA分析

注：RDA1为46.74%，RDA2为21.83%。NO₂表示NO₂-N；NO₃表示NO₃-N；NH₃表示NH₃-N；COD表示COD_Cr；BOD表示BOD₅。

Figure 2. Redundancy analysis (RDA) of microbial community structure and environmental factors

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图 3 微生物门水平组成(相对丰度排名前10)与水质指标的Spearman相关性分析结果

注：*表示P≤0.05；**表示P≤0.01。R为 Spearman 相关性系数。

Figure 3. Spearman correlation analysis between microbial community phylum composition (top10) and water quality index

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表 1 4条城市河道各采样点水体微生物多样性指数

Table 1. Microbial diversity index of water bodies at sampling points of four urban rivers

河道	采样点	多样性指数
河道	采样点	Shannon	Simpson	Ace	Chao	Coverage	PD
永定河	YDH1	5.929	0.008	2 204.756	2 189.180	0.984	176.332
永定河	YDH2	6.269	0.005	2 264.582	2 265.718	0.985	182.372
清河	QH1	6.550	0.004	3 231.184	3 230.458	0.974	244.850
	QH2	6.548	0.004	3 046.503	3 086.833	0.976	239.790
	QH3	6.415	0.005	3 414.181	3 335.238	0.972	266.364
	QH4	6.313	0.013	3 901.686	3 860.403	0.966	286.180
凉水河	LSH1	6.102	0.008	3 496.573	3 500.324	0.969	251.803
	LSH2	6.329	0.005	3 429.009	3 463.102	0.970	250.856
	LSH3	5.925	0.030	3 948.157	3 868.557	0.965	285.262
	LSH4	6.542	0.005	4 087.002	3 988.907	0.965	299.784
	LSH5	6.361	0.004	3 193.971	3 200.484	0.973	244.593
大龙河	DLH1	6.102	0.008	3 496.573	3 500.324	0.969	251.803
	DLH2	6.329	0.005	3 429.009	3 463.102	0.970	250.856
	DLH3	5.925	0.030	3 948.157	3 868.557	0.965	285.262
	DLH4	6.542	0.005	4 087.002	3 988.907	0.965	299.784

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表 2 4 条城市河道各采样点主要水质参数及其得分

Table 2. Main chemical and physical properties and scores at sampling point of four urban rivers

河道	采样点	TP浓度/ (mg/L)	石油类浓度/ (mg/L)	NH₃-N浓度/ (mg/L)	DO浓度/ (mg/L)	COD_Cr/ (mg/L)	BOD₅/ (mg/L)	TN浓度/ (mg/L)	As浓度/ (mg/L)	pH	总得分
永定河	YDH1	0.02(5)	0.13(2)	0.16(5)	4.7(3)	17.03(5)	3.2(4)	0.42(4)	0.001 4(5)	6.91(5)	4.22
永定河	YDH2	0.02(5)	0.15(2)	0.15(5)	4.6(3)	19.26(4)	4.1(3)	0.39(4)	0.001 0(5)	7.54(5)	4.00
清河	QH1	0.10(4)	0.11(2)	0.20(4)	4.9(3)	19.00(3)	4.3(2)	0.92(3)	0.001 0(5)	7.51(5)	3.44
	QH2	0.10(4)	0.2(2)	0.17(4)	4.7(3)	20.00(3)	4.5(2)	0.82(3)	0.001 3(5)	7.61(5)	3.44
	QH3	0.09(4)	0.09(2)	0.19(4)	5.1(3)	11.22(4)	2.1(4)	0.86(3)	0.001 0(5)	7.11(5)	3.78
	QH4	0.11(4)	0.12(2)	0.21(4)	5.0(3)	8.66(4)	1.8(5)	0.94(3)	0.001 3(5)	7.73(5)	3.89
凉水河	LSH1	0.06(4)	0.1(2)	0.17(4)	4.8(3)	15.71(4)	3.3(3)	1.43(2)	0.001 0(5)	7.81(5)	3.56
	LSH2	0.04(4)	0.11(2)	0.17(4)	5.1(3)	21.75(3)	4.7(2)	1.58(1)	0.001 1(5)	7.63(5)	3.22
	LSH3	0.05(4)	0.15(2)	0.16(4)	5.0(3)	26.73(3)	4.1(2)	1.47(2)	0.001 2(5)	7.26(5)	3.33
	LSH4	0.05(4)	0.17(2)	0.16(4)	5.3(3)	12.39(5)	3.4(3)	1.64(1)	0.001 4(5)	7.43(5)	3.56
	LSH5	0.06(4)	0.09(2)	0.17(4)	4.9(3)	13.92(5)	3.2(3)	1.38(2)	0.001 0(5)	7.46(5)	3.67
大龙河	DLH1	0.02(5)	0.14(2)	0.24(4)	5.1(3)	24.02(3)	4.2(2)	0.55(3)	0.001 7(5)	7.66(5)	3.56
	DLH2	0.02(5)	0.1(2)	0.25(4)	5.3(3)	24.78(3)	4.6(2)	0.66(3)	0.001 1(5)	6.95(5)	3.56
	DLH3	0.02(5)	0.12(2)	0.24(4)	5.0(3)	27.77(3)	5.1(2)	0.60(3)	0.001 0(5)	7.46(5)	3.56
	DLH4	0.03(4)	0.13(2)	0.24(4)	4.9(3)	23.07(3)	4.3(2)	0.58(3)	0.001 0(5)	7.67(5)	3.44
注：括号中为各指标的水质得分。

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表 3 M-IBI 备选指标描述及对干扰的反应

Table 3. Description of candidate metrics for M-IBI and their direction of response to disturbance

指标编号	指标名称	对干扰的反应
M1	Shannon指数	下降
M2	Ace指数	下降
M3	Chao指数	下降
M4	Coverage指数	下降
M5	PD指数	下降
M6	Firmicutes相对丰度	上升
M7	Desulfobacterota相对丰度	上升
M8	Bacteroidota相对丰度	上升
M9	Actinobacteriota相对丰度	下降
M10	Chloroflexi相对丰度	下降
M11	Cyanobacteria相对丰度	上升
M12	COD_Cr耐受属相对丰度	上升
M13	COD_Cr清洁属相对丰度	下降
M14	NH₃-N耐受属相对丰度	上升
M15	NH₃-N清洁属相对丰度	下降

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表 4 M-IBI指标的Pearson相关性分析结果

Table 4. Pearson's correlation analysis results of M-IBI index

指标编号	M1	M8	M10	M11	M12	M15
M1	1
M8	0.052	1
M10	0.300	−0.081	1
M11	−0.512	0.329	−0.304	1
M12	0.27	0.079	−0.439	−0.203	1
M15	−0.403	−0.516^*	−0.319	−0.261	−0.107	1
注：*表示P<0.05。

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表 5 6个M-IBI指标在各采样点的分布及其生物指数计算公式

Table 5. Distribution of six M-IBI indexes at all sampling points and formulas for calculating biological index

指标编号	5%分位数	25%分位数	95%分位数	最大值	计算公式
M1	5.928	6.275	6.631	6.818	M1/6.631
M8	0.020	0.028	0.076	0.083	(0.083－M8)/ (0.083－0.020)
M10	0.112	0.173	0.296	0.334	M10/0.296
M11	0.001	0.005	0.138	0.195	(0.195－M11)/ (0.195－0.001)
M12	0.001	0.002	0.068	0.069	(0.069－M12)/ (0.069－0.001)
M15	0.050	0.068	0.574	0.578	M15/0.574

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表 6 基于 M-IBI 指数的城市河道生态系统健康评价标准

Table 6. Urban river ecosystem health assessment criteria based on M-IBI index

M-IBI指数	健康等级
4.355~5.444	健康
3.267~4.355	亚健康
2.178~3.267	一般
1.089~2.178	较差
<1.089	极差

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表 7 各采样点M-IBI评价结果

Table 7. M-IBI evaluation results of each sampling point

河道	采样点	M1	M8	M10	M11	M12	M15	M-IBI	健康状况
永定河	YDH1	0.894	1.000	0.697	1.000	1.000	0.997	5.588	健康
永定河	YDH2	0.946	0.964	0.485	1.000	0.987	1.000	5.383	健康
清河	QH1	0.988	0.872	0.945	0.945	0.954	0.132	4.837	健康
	QH2	0.988	0.881	0.860	0.980	0.972	0.149	4.829	健康
	QH3	0.967	0.000	0.722	0.949	0.986	0.097	3.722	亚健康
	QH4	0.952	0.500	0.691	0.424	0.973	0.108	3.648	亚健康
凉水河	LSH1	0.920	0.392	0.695	0.517	0.995	0.172	3.692	亚健康
	LSH2	0.955	0.582	0.927	0.983	0.965	0.092	4.503	健康
	LSH3	0.894	0.333	0.415	0.000	0.908	0.129	2.679	一般
	LSH4	0.987	0.349	0.805	0.917	0.950	0.132	4.139	亚健康
	LSH5	0.959	0.451	1.000	0.949	0.996	0.079	4.434	健康
大龙河	DLH1	0.947	0.961	0.416	0.911	0.638	0.179	4.052	亚健康
	DLH2	0.971	0.161	0.297	0.979	0.027	0.315	2.749	一般
	DLH3	0.979	0.785	0.730	0.977	0.000	0.143	3.615	亚健康
	DLH4	1.000	0.653	0.682	0.895	0.715	0.180	4.124	亚健康

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