Emission characteristics, treatment status and mitigation countermeasures of volatile organic compounds from typical solvent sources in Shenzhen City
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摘要:
为强化工业企业VOCs的综合整治，选取工业经济发达的深圳市作为研究区域，通过实地调研和现场检测的方式探讨了橡胶和塑料制品行业、印刷行业、表面涂装行业、电子元件制造业等典型溶剂使用源的VOCs排放特征和末端治理现状，并就源头替代和末端管理提出了具体的减排对策。结果表明：深圳市典型溶剂使用源VOCs的平均排放量为表面涂装（51.8 t/a）>电子元件（36.5 t/a）>印刷（21.0 t/a）>橡胶塑料（17.4 t/a），不同排放规模的橡胶塑料企业和印刷企业对各自行业的排放贡献较为均匀，而排放量>300 t/a的涂装企业、电子企业对各自行业的贡献率则分别占63.9%、44.9%；受水性原料替代和末端治理设施等控制政策的影响，四大行业固定排放源VOCs组分以OVOCs为主（排放量占比为76.8%~97.0%），特征污染物为甲醛和乙醛；四大行业末端工艺类型均以UV光解、水喷淋、活性炭吸附的低效组合工艺为主，占比约51.4%~69.6%；评估结果显示，所测试的典型组合工艺中，78%的设施平均处理率均低于35%，治理方案缺乏针对性、运行管理缺乏规范性是造成溶剂使用源VOCs末端削减率偏低的主要因素。因此，为控制未来溶剂使用源VOCs排放量，应当推动源头排放控制从“底线约束”向“先进带动”持续转变；末端治理应统筹考虑技术可行性和管理有效性，确保实现行业VOCs排放总量的高效削减。
Abstract:In order to strengthen the comprehensive regulation of industrial volatile organic compounds (VOCs), Shenzhen City, a developed industrial and economic area, was selected as the research area. Through field investigation and field testing, the VOCs emission characteristics and end-of-pipe (EOP) treatment status of typical solvent sources such as rubber and plastic products industry, printing industry, surface coating industry and electronic components manufacturing industry were discussed. At the same time, some specific measures of emission reduction for source substitution and terminal management were made. The results showed that: The average emission of VOCs from typical solvent sources in Shenzhen City was in the order of surface coating (51.8 t/a) > electronic components (36.5 t/a) > printing (21.0 t/a) > rubber and plastic (17.4 t/a). Rubber enterprises and printing enterprises of different emission scales contributed more evenly to their respective industries, while painting enterprises and electronic enterprises with emissions higher than 300 t/a contributed 63.9% and 44.9% to their respective industries, respectively. Under the influence of control policies such as the substitution of water-based raw materials and the promotion of EOP treatment facilities, OVOCs were the main VOCs components of the four industries' fixed emission sources, with a mass proportion ranging from 76.8% to 97.0%. Besides, the characteristic pollutants were formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. The EOP process types of the four industries were mainly the inefficient combination of UV photolysis, water spraying and activated carbon adsorption, accounting for about 51.4%-69.6%. The evaluation results showed that 78% of the tested typical combined processes had an average treatment efficiency of lower than 35%. The lack of pertinence of treatment schemes and the lack of standardization of operation management were the main factors causing the low EOP reduction rate of VOCs from the sources of solvent use. Therefore, in order to control the emission of VOCs from the sources of solvent use in the future, the source control should be promoted from "baseline constraint" to "advanced driven". The EOP treatment should comprehensively consider the technical feasibility and management effectiveness to ensure the efficient reduction of the total amount of VOCs emissions in the industries.
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图 1 典型溶剂使用源VOCs排放量占比与排放浓度
Figure 1. Proportion of VOCs emission and concentration of typical solvents sources
图 2 不同行业VOCs排放组分比较
Figure 2. Comparison of VOCs emission components in different industries
图 3 深圳市典型溶剂使用源的末端工艺类型
Figure 3. EOP process types of typical solvent sources in Shenzhen City
表 1 固定排放源排放组分的样品信息
Table 1. Sample information on the emission components from stationary emitters
样品编号 主要原辅料 VOCs来源 末端工艺 电子企业A 溶剂油墨 丝印 水喷淋+UV光解 电子企业B 乙酸乙酯 涂布 UV光解 电子企业C 聚碳酸酯（PC）丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物（ABS） 注塑 等离子+UV光解+水喷淋+
活性炭吸附橡胶企业D ABS、聚丙烯（PP）、聚氯乙烯（PVC） 注塑 水喷淋+UV光解+活性炭吸附 橡胶企业E 油性漆 喷涂 水喷淋+UV光解+活性炭吸附 涂装企业F 水性漆、
油性漆喷涂 蓄热式热氧化技术
（regenerative thermal oxidizer，RTO）涂装企业G 聚酯粉末 喷涂 催化燃烧
（catalytic oxidizer，CO）印刷企业H 大豆油墨、水性油墨 印刷 UV光解+活性炭吸附 印刷企业I UV油墨 印刷 UV光解 印刷企业J UV油墨 印刷 水喷淋+活性炭吸附 
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表 2 深圳市典型溶剂使用源末端工艺的处理率
Table 2. Efficiency of EOP processes of typical solvent sources in Shenzhen City
行业 VOCs来源 末端设施编号 处理工艺 处理率/% 平均处理率/% VOCs排放量/（t/a） 橡胶和塑料制品行业 喷涂 A 水喷淋+UV光解 17.0~26.8 21.7 61.7 喷涂 B 水喷淋+干式过滤器+UV光解+水喷淋 76.9~79.9 78.8 6.5 表面涂装行业 喷涂+烘干 C 水喷淋+活性炭吸附 10.8~24.4 17.7 15.6 喷涂+烘干 D 水喷淋+活性炭吸附 13.7~20.2 16.8 印刷行业 印刷 E UV光解+活性炭吸附 29.5~39.1 34.1 印刷 F 水喷淋+活性炭吸附 5.3~10.8 7.4 147.5 印刷 G UV光解+活性炭吸附 8.2~25.2 16.2 电子元件制造业 涂布 H 水喷淋+活性炭吸附 −4.4~6.0 1.2 7.9 防焊 I 水喷淋+UV光解 61.2~69.3 66.0 88.7
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