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大清河水系滨岸带入侵草本植物分布特征及影响因素

任颖 侯利萍 何萍

任颖,侯利萍,何萍.大清河水系滨岸带入侵草本植物分布特征及影响因素[J].环境工程技术学报,2022,12(4):1134-1143 doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210281
引用本文: 任颖,侯利萍,何萍.大清河水系滨岸带入侵草本植物分布特征及影响因素[J].环境工程技术学报,2022,12(4):1134-1143 doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210281
REN Y,HOU L P,HE P.Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of invasive herbaceous plants in the coastal zone of Daqing River system[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2022,12(4):1134-1143 doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210281
Citation: REN Y,HOU L P,HE P.Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of invasive herbaceous plants in the coastal zone of Daqing River system[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2022,12(4):1134-1143 doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210281

大清河水系滨岸带入侵草本植物分布特征及影响因素

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210281
基金项目: 国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07106-004);生态环境部生物多样性调查评估项目
详细信息
    作者简介:

    任颖(1989—),女,助理研究员,主要从事湿地生态学研究,renying0203@163.com

    通讯作者:

    何萍(1968—),女,研究员,博士,主要从事流域生态研究,heping@craes.org.cn

  • 中图分类号: X522

Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of invasive herbaceous plants in the coastal zone of Daqing River system

  • 摘要:

    在雄安新区建设大背景下,保障大清河水系生物安全十分重要。为研究大清河水系入侵植物分布规律,探讨影响入侵植物分布的驱动因子,对大清河水系河湖滨岸带开展植被调查,识别滨岸带入侵植物,判定物种的入侵等级,分析物种入侵分布与环境因子和人类活动因素之间的相关性,并提出雄安新区面临的植物入侵风险及防范措施。结果表明:大清河水系有24种入侵植物,其中苋科和菊科合计占54.2%,一年生物种、无意引入物种分别占83.3%、62.5%,原产地为美洲的占62.5%,反枝苋、鬼针草、圆叶牵牛、鳢肠、大狼杷草、苘麻6种植物为流域内广布种;入侵植物种数和入侵性在流域中游的拒马河上游房山山区段、流域下游的牤牛河霸州城市段以及100 m高程分界线附近的山区—平原交接区明显高于其他区域;人类活动是影响植物入侵程度的主要因素,路网密度、建设用地面积占比越高,越有利于入侵植物的分布与扩散;大清河水系植物入侵程度尚可控,但需要在雄安新区建设过程中重视植物入侵定居及扩散风险,早做防范。

     

  • 图  1  大清河水系采样点分布

    Figure  1.  Distribution of sampling points in Daqing River system

    图  2  各采样点入侵物种数空间分布

    Figure  2.  Spatial distribution of invasive species numbers at each sampling point

    图  3  基于入侵物种数和入侵强度的系统聚类结果

    Figure  3.  System clustering results based on intrusion number and intrusion intensity

    图  4  基于入侵物种数和入侵强度的采样点类别分布

    Figure  4.  Sample classification based on invasion number and invasion intensity

    图  5  4类采样点的分异因子在山区、平原间的差异

    Figure  5.  Differences of differentiation factors between mountain and plain at 4 types of sampling points

    表  1  大清河水系滨岸带入侵植物性状

    Table  1.   Characteristics of invasive plants in riparian area of Daqing river system

    物种生活型果实类型原产地入侵途径入侵等级
    苋科莲子草属空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides多年生草本胞果南美洲有意引进1
    苋属凹头苋(Amaranthus lividus一年生草本胞果热带美洲无意引进2
    刺苋(Amaranthus spinosus一年生草本胞果热带美洲无意引进1
    反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus一年生草本胞果热带美洲人工引种1
    合被苋(Amaranthus polygonoides一年生草本胞果热带美洲、墨西哥无意引进2
    苋(Amaranthus tricolor一年生草本胞果印度人工引种3
    皱果苋(Amaranthus viridis一年生草本胞果热带非洲无意引进2
    菊科白酒草属小蓬草(Conyza canadensi一年生草本瘦果北美洲无意引进或自然扩散1
    鬼针草属大狼杷草(Bidens frondosa一年生草本瘦果北美洲无意引进1
    鬼针草(Bidens pilosa一年生草本瘦果美洲无意引进1
    鳢肠属鳢肠(Eclipta prostrata一年生草本瘦果美洲无意引进4
    向日葵属菊芋(Helianthus tuberosus多年生草本瘦果北美洲有意引进4
    紫菀属钻叶紫菀(Aster subulatus一年生草本瘦果北美洲无意引进1
    藜科藜属灰绿藜(Chenopodium glaucum)一年生草本胞果不详无意引进4
    小藜(Chenopodium serotinum一年生草本胞果欧洲无意引进4
    旋花科牵牛属牵牛(Pharbitis nil一年生缠绕草本蒴果南美洲人工引种2
    圆叶牵牛(Pharbitis purpurea一年生缠绕草本蒴果热带美洲人工引种1
    锦葵科木槿属野西瓜苗(Hibiscus trionum一年生直立或平卧草本蒴果非洲无意引进4
    苘麻属苘麻(Abutilon theophrasti一年生亚灌木状草本蒴果印度无意引进3
    大戟科大戟属通奶草(Euphorbia hypericifolia一年生草本蒴果美洲无意引进3
    豆科草木犀属草木犀(Melilotus officinalis二年生草本荚果西亚—南欧有意引进4
    禾本科虎尾草属虎尾草(Chloris virgata一年生草本颖果非洲无意引进4
    茄科曼陀罗属曼陀罗(Datura stramonium一年生草本或半灌木状草本蒴果热带美洲、墨西哥有意引进2
    莎草科莎草属香附子(Carex heterostachya多年生草本小坚果印度不详4
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同类别采样点的入侵植物情况

    Table  2.   Invasive plants at different classification points

    采样点类别入侵物种名称入侵物种
    总数/种
    采样点入侵
    物种数均值/种
    采样点入侵
    强度均值
    L1 反枝苋、小蓬草、大狼杷草、鬼针草、鳢肠、小藜、牵牛、圆叶牵牛、苘麻、通奶草、曼陀罗、香附子、合被苋、灰绿藜 14 6 14.1
    L2 反枝苋、小蓬草、大狼杷草、鬼针草、鳢肠、小藜、牵牛、圆叶牵牛、苘麻、曼陀罗、凹头苋、合被苋、皱果苋、草木犀 14 5 11.2
    L3 反枝苋、小蓬草、大狼杷草、鬼针草、鳢肠、菊芋、小藜、牵牛、圆叶牵牛、苘麻、曼陀罗、香附子、空心莲子草、刺苋、苋、皱果苋、钻叶紫菀、野西瓜苗、虎尾草 19 4 7
    L4 反枝苋、大狼杷草、鳢肠、小藜、苘麻、曼陀罗、香附子、皱果苋、草木犀 9 2 2.9
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  各环境因素多重比较的差异显著性

    Table  3.   Significance of difference of multiple comparisons of various environmental factors

    环境因素海拔蜿蜒度年均降水量路网密度建设用地面积占比耕地面积占比
    差异
    显著性
    0.2740.2390.2480.003*0.05*0.85
    注:**表示P<0.01,*表示P<0.05。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  各类采样点的环境因素差异显著性检验

    Table  4.   Significance test of environmental factors of various sample points

    环境因素采样点类别L1L2L3L4
    海拔 L1 1
    L2 0.11 1
    L3 0.084 0.906 1
    L4 0.103 0.902 0.988 1
    蜿蜒度 L1 1
    L2 0.065 1
    L3 0.188 0.51 1
    L4 0.081 0.987 0.546 1
    年均降水量 L1 1
    L2 0.263 1
    L3 0.167 0.781 1
    L4 0.048* 0.296 0.418 1
    路网密度 L1 1
    L2 0.679 1
    L3 0.091 0.155 1
    L4 0.001** 0.001** 0.029* 1
    建设用地面积占比 L1 1
    L2 0.06 1
    L3 0.038* 0.843 1
    L4 0.007** 0.276 0.353 1
    耕地面积占比 L1 1
    L2 0.976 1
    L3 0.597 0.582 1
    L4 0.499 0.481 0.838 1
    注:**表示P<0.01,*表示P<0.05。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  入侵植物分布与各环境指标间的相关系数

    Table  5.   Correlation coefficient between the distribution of invasive plants and each environmental index

    项目海拔蜿蜒度年均降水量路网密度建设用地面积占比1)耕地面积占比1)
    入侵物种数 0.083 0.052 −0.289 0.529** 0.352* −0.138
    入侵强度 0.298 0.228 −0.309 0.560** 0.385* −0.140
      1)为采样点周围1 km缓冲区范围内的指标值。
    下载: 导出CSV
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