内蒙古主要农作物秸秆燃烧释放烟气污染物研究

张恒; 王柏杰; 王飞

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210274

内蒙古主要农作物秸秆燃烧释放烟气污染物研究

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210274

内蒙古农业大学林学院

基金项目: 中国博士后科学基金面上项目（2019M653807XB）

详细信息

作者简介:
张恒（1983—），男，副教授，博士，主要从事可燃物管理研究，zhangheng_nefu@126.com

通讯作者:
王飞（1980—），女，副教授，博士，主要从事森林生态学及森林可持续经营研究，wangfeinihao2003@yahoo.com.cn

中图分类号: X513
计量
- 文章访问数: 258
- HTML全文浏览量: 162
- PDF下载量: 22
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-06-28
- 录用日期: 2021-09-08

Study on flue gas pollutants from burning of main crop straws in Inner Mongolia

College of Forestry, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University

摘要

摘要:
为了解内蒙古自治区农作物秸秆露天焚烧烟气污染物排放情况，运用自主设计的生物质燃烧系统，以内蒙古地区典型农作物（葵花和玉米）秸秆作为研究对象进行室内模拟燃烧试验，通过比较不同地区秸秆燃烧释放CO、CO₂、NO_x、C_xH_y和PM_2.5之间的差异，进行排放特性研究。结果表明：葵花秸秆CO、CO₂、NO_x、C_xH_y和PM_2.5的排放因子分别为（344.71±66.36）、（1 147.73±229.01）、（3.20±0.62）、（138.48±28.22）和（0.97±0.20）g/kg，玉米秸秆的排放因子分别为（319.69±52.27）、（1 178.75±149.00）、（1.29±0.04）、（57.83±9.45）和（1.44±0.17）g/kg；不同地区农作物秸秆在明燃和阴燃条件下PM_2.5排放因子分别为（0.23±0.11）～（3.26±0.16）和（0.53±0.35）～（2.91±1.69） g/kg，CO排放因子分别为（162.66±15.94）～（381.65±81.74）和（235.29±34.43）～（569.80±165.72）g/kg，CO₂排放因子分别为（1 094.96±182.04）～（1 866.22±377.83）和（725.10±107.71）～（1 409.43±82.32） g/kg，除CO₂排放因子表现为明燃大于阴燃外，其他污染物排放因子均表现为阴燃大于明燃。
- 秸秆燃烧 /
- 烟气污染物 /
- PM_2.5 /
- 排放因子 /
- 排放特性
Abstract:
In order to understand the emission of flue gas pollutants from open burning of crop straws in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, a self-designed biomass combustion system was used and typical crop (sunflower and corn) straws in Inner Mongolia were taken as the research objects to conduct indoor simulated combustion experiment. The emission characteristics of straw burning were studied by comparing the differences of emission factors of CO, CO₂, NO_x, C_xH_y and PM_2.5 in different areas. The results showed that the emission factors of CO, CO₂, NO_x, C_xH_y and PM_2.5 of sunflower straw were (344.71±66.36), (1 147.73±229.01), (3.20±0.62), (138.48±28.22) and (0.97±0.20) g/kg, respectively, and the emission factors of CO, CO₂, NO_x, C_xH_y and PM_2.5 of corn straw were (319.69±52.27), (1 178.75±149.00), (1.29±0.04), (57.83±9.45) and (1.44±0.17) g/kg, respectively. The emission factors of PM_2.5 of crop straws in different areas were (0.23±0.11) - (3.26±0.16) and (0.53±0.35) - (2.91±1.69) g/kg in flaming and smoldering, respectively; the emission factors of CO were (162.66±15.94) - (381.65±81.74) and (235.29±34.43) - (569.80±165.72) g/kg in flaming and smoldering, respectively; the emission factors of CO₂ were (1 094.96±182.04) - (1 866.22±377.83) and (725.10±107.71) - (1 409.43±82.32) g/kg in flaming and smoldering, respectively. The emission factor of CO₂ was higher in flaming than that of smoldering, and the emission factors of CO, NO_x, C_xH_y and PM_2.5 were higher in smoldering than those in flaming.
- straw burning /
- flue gas pollutants /
- PM_2.5 /
- emission factors /
- emission characteristics

HTML全文

图 1 采样点分布

Figure 1. Distribution of sampling sites

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 燃烧装置示意

Figure 2. Schematic of combustion device

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 不同地区明燃状态下污染物排放因子比较

注：AL为阿拉善左旗；WH为乌海市；WY为五原县；BT为包头市；ET为鄂托克前旗；TM为土默特左旗；TK为托克托县；CH为察哈尔右翼中旗；XL为锡林浩特市；LX为林西县；AH为敖汉旗，KE为科尔沁左翼后旗；WL为乌兰浩特市。不同小写字母表示同一种农作物秸秆燃烧污染物排放因子在不同地区有显著差异(P<0.05)。

Figure 3. Comparison of emission factors of carbonaceous substances in flaming in different areas

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 不同地区阴燃状态下污染物排放因子比较

注：地区字母含义同图3。下同。

Figure 4. Emission factors of pollutants under different combustion conditions in different areas

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 明燃状态下污染物排放因子

Table 1. Emission factors of pollutants in flaming g/kg　

样本	CO	CO₂	NO_x	C_xH_y	PM_2.5
葵花	278.35±61.1	1 376.73±324.97	2.58±1.59	110.26±48.23	0.77±0.81
玉米	267.42±109.53	1 327.75±169.22	1.25±0.56	48.38±31.41	1.27±0.97

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 阴燃状态下污染物排放因子

Table 2. Emission factors of pollutants in smoldering g/kg　

样本	CO	CO₂	NO_x	C_xH_y	PM_2.5
葵花	411.06±91.49	918.72±208.26	3.81±2.30	166.69±71.88	1.16±1.22
玉米	371.95±154.38	1 029.75±212.85	1.33±0.84	67.28±41.81	1.61±1.05

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 不同燃烧状态下各地区污染物排放因子

Table 3. Average emission factors of carbonaceous substances under different combustion conditions in different areas g/kg　

地区	CO		CO₂		NO_x		C_xH_y		PM_2.5
地区	明燃	阴燃	明燃	阴燃	明燃	阴燃	明燃	阴燃	明燃	阴燃
AL	378.18±103.69	569.80±165.72	1 555.00±151.52	1 006.67±103.30	1.60±0.19	2.37±0.23	99.37±12.26	145.36±18.79	1.98±1.17	2.91±1.69
WH	287.76±19.55	429.72±35.30	1 302.30±83.09	869.36±44.54	2.12±1.08	3.11±1.60	96.94±35.77	150.09±58.92	0.70±0.30	1.06±0.47
WY	269.91±71.60	358.87±157.32	1 502.29±15.49	1 097.79±116.60	3.20±2.33	4.76±3.11	88.48±45.72	124.63±68.84	0.25±0.02	0.55±0.21
BT	215.98±98.24	363.33±102.39	1 291.86±132.42	983.66±183.03	0.67±0.40	1.03±0.56	44.39±9.58	49.20±5.53	0.51±0.28	1.12±0.78
ET	381.65±81.74	459.75±3.64	1 202.61±300.75	946.3±44.44	2.08±0.76	2.90±1.58	111.48±8.53	141.53±38.58	0.5±0.24	0.57±0.17
TM	212.36±36.44	284.60±79.88	1 362.04±136.60	1 016.77±200.57	1.64±0.48	1.78±1.37	35.44±26.02	78.84±17.79	0.95±0.27	1.90±0.88
TK	162.66±15.94	235.29±34.43	1 195.09±210.43	991.02±319.02	1.03±0.06	0.86±0.57	114.45±55.57	138.55±122.84	0.23±0.11	0.53±0.35
CH	225.20±49.29	311.44±81.29	1 866.22±377.83	1 409.43±82.32	1.80±0.79	1.02±0.47	50.86±31.14	66.56±58.35	1.93±0.03	1.97±0.88
XL	244.18±67.02	368.85±103.87	1 094.96±182.04	725.10±107.71	1.84±0.51	2.74±0.81	131.97±83.56	195.97±123.83	0.66±0.21	1.00±0.30
LX	377.48±56.12	501.53±85.66	1 289.21±46.12	847.23±36.38	3.51±1.75	5.20±2.59	86.67±49.76	127.92±74.93	0.69±0.28	1.03±0.43
AH	207.01±1.32	289.05±13.56	1 362.95±120.04	1 070.81±212.54	1.25±0.61	1.51±1.22	39.45±28.31	100.87±1.21	3.26±0.16	2.91±1.74
KE	293.03±23.91	421.69±25.89	1 224.58±20.75	824.52±14.85	0.88±0.06	1.33±0.08	95.00±33.06	144.90±53.15	0.87±0.59	1.30±0.86
WL	332.1±9.86	495.61±17.67	1 330.02±135.27	876.41±91.91	3.29±1.46	4.81±2.05	36.72±26.66	56.45±41.59	0.71±0.23	1.09±0.35

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(26)

[1]	王玉珏, 胡敏, 王渝, 等.秸秆燃烧排放PM_2.5特征及影响因素研究[J]. 化学学报,2016,74(4):356-362. doi: 10.6023/A16010008 WANG Y J, HU M, WANG Y, et al. Characterization and influence factors of PM_2.5 emitted from crop straw burning[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica,2016,74(4):356-362. doi: 10.6023/A16010008
[2]	祝斌, 朱先磊, 张元勋, 等.农作物秸秆燃烧PM_2.5排放因子的研究[J]. 环境科学研究,2005,18(2):29-33. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-6929.2005.02.006 ZHU B, ZHU X L, ZHANG Y X, et al. Emission factor of PM_2.5 from crop straw burning[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2005,18(2):29-33. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-6929.2005.02.006
[3]	韩鲁佳, 闫巧娟, 刘向阳, 等.中国农作物秸秆资源及其利用现状[J]. 农业工程学报,2002,18(3):87-91. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1002-6819.2002.03.022 HAN L J, YAN Q J, LIU X Y, et al. Straw resources and their utilization in China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2002,18(3):87-91. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1002-6819.2002.03.022
[4]	杨夏捷, 鞠园华, 靳全锋, 等.中国亚热带地区2005—2014年秸秆露天燃烧排放污染物[J]. 中国环境科学,2017,37(11):4052-4061. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2017.11.006 YANG X J, JU Y H, JIN Q F, et al. Pollutants emission from crop straw field burning in subtropical region of China during 2005-2014[J]. China Environmental Science,2017,37(11):4052-4061. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2017.11.006
[5]	陈雯, 薛志钢, 营娜, 等.黄淮平原典型城市农业氨排放清单及特征分析: 以亳州市为例[J]. 环境工程技术学报,2021,11(3):476-483. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210049 CHEN W, XUE Z G, YING N, et al. Agricultural ammonia emission inventory and characteristics analysis of typical cities in Huanghuai Plain: take Bozhou City as an example[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2021,11(3):476-483. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210049
[6]	冯宗炜. 酸雨对生态系统的影响: 西南地区酸雨研究[M]. 北京: 中国科学技术出版社, 1993.
[7]	鞠园华, 杨夏捷, 靳全锋, 等.不同燃烧状态下农作物秸秆PM_2.5排放因子及主要成分分析[J]. 环境科学学报,2018,38(1):92-100. JU Y H, YANG X J, JIN Q F, et al. Emission factor and main components of PM_2.5 emitted from crop straw under different burning status[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2018,38(1):92-100.
[8]	VIANA M, LÓPEZ J M, QUEROL X, et al. Tracers and impact of open burning of rice straw residues on PM in Eastern Spain[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2008,42(8):1941-1957. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.11.012
[9]	SAHAI S, SHARMA C, SINGH D P, et al. A study for development of emission factors for trace gases and carbonaceous particulate species from in situ burning of wheat straw in agricultural fields in India[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2007,41(39):9173-9186. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.07.054
[10]	唐喜斌, 黄成, 楼晟荣, 等.长三角地区秸秆燃烧排放因子与颗粒物成分谱研究[J]. 环境科学,2014,35(5):1623-1632. TANG X B, HUANG C, LOU S R, et al. Emission factors and PM chemical composition study of biomass burning in the Yangtze River Delta region[J]. Environmental Science,2014,35(5):1623-1632.
[11]	杨夏捷, 马远帆, 鞠园华, 等.华南农产品主产区2005—2014年秸秆露天燃烧污染物排放估算及时空分布[J]. 农业环境科学学报,2018,37(2):358-368. doi: 10.11654/jaes.2017-1105 YANG X J, MA Y F, JU Y H, et al. Temporal and spatial distribution of air pollutants emitted from field burning of straw crops in southern China during 2005-2014[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2018,37(2):358-368. doi: 10.11654/jaes.2017-1105
[12]	CHENG M T, HORNG C L, SU Y R, et al. Particulate matter characteristics during agricultural waste burning in Taichung City, Taiwan[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,165(1/2/3):187-192.
[13]	张鹤丰. 中国农作物秸秆燃烧排放气态、颗粒态污染物排放特征的实验室模拟[D]. 上海: 复旦大学, 2009.
[14]	王艳, 郝炜伟, 程轲, 等.秸秆露天焚烧典型大气污染物排放因子[J]. 中国环境科学,2018,38(6):2055-2061. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2018.06.007 WANG Y, HAO W W, CHENG K, et al. Emission factors of typical air pollutants from open burning of crop straws[J]. China Environmental Science,2018,38(6):2055-2061. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2018.06.007
[15]	ZHANG Y X, SHAO M, ZHANG Y H, et al. Source profiles of particulate organic matters emitted from cereal straw burnings[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences,2007,19(2):167-175. doi: 10.1016/S1001-0742(07)60027-8
[16]	ALVES C A, GONÇALVES C, PIO C A, et al. Smoke emissions from biomass burning in a Mediterranean shrubland[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2010,44(25):3024-3033. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.05.010
[17]	HAYASHI K, ONO K, KAJIURA M, et al. Trace gas and particle emissions from open burning of three cereal crop residues: increase in residue moistness enhances emissions of carbon monoxide, methane, and particulate organic carbon[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2014,95:36-44. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.06.023
[18]	王真真, 谭吉华, 毕新慧, 等.秸秆燃烧产生颗粒物化学组分及排放特征[J]. 环境科学与技术,2016,39(11):150-155. WANG Z Z, TAN J H, BI X H, et al. Emission characteristics and chemical species from agricultural straw burning smoke[J]. Environmental Science & Technology,2016,39(11):150-155.
[19]	MCMEEKING G R, KREIDENWEIS S M, BAKER S, et al. Emissions of trace gases and aerosols during the open combustion of biomass in the laboratory[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2009,114(D19):D19210. doi: 10.1029/2009JD011836
[20]	AKAGI S K, YOKELSON R J, WIEDINMYER C, et al. Emission factors foropen and domestic biomass burning for use in atmospheric models[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics,2010,11(9):27523-2702.
[21]	沈国锋. 室内固体燃料燃烧产生的碳颗粒物和多环芳烃的排放因子及影响因素[D]. 北京: 北京大学, 2012.
[22]	KAUFMAN Y J, HOBBS P V, KIRCHHOFF V, et al. Clouds, and radiation Brazil (SCAR-B) experiment[J]. Journal of Geophysical Rsearch:Atmospheres,1998,103(D24):31783-31808. doi: 10.1029/98JD02281
[23]	HAYS M D, FINE P M, GERON C D, et al. Open burning of agricultural biomass: physical and chemical properties of particle-phase emissions[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2005,39(36):6747-6764. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.07.072
[24]	王俊芳. 生物质秸秆露天焚烧污染物排放特性及排放规模研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2017.
[25]	朱恒, 戴璐泓, 魏雅, 等.生物质燃烧排放PM_2.5中无机离子及有机组分的分布特征[J]. 环境科学学报,2017,37(12):4483-4491. ZHU H, DAI L H, WEI Y, et al. Characteristics of inorganic ions and organic components in PM_2.5 from biomass burning[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2017,37(12):4483-4491.
[26]	孙剑峰. 中国农作物秸秆露天燃烧排放大气污染物的实验室模拟[D]. 济南: 山东大学, 2016.