粉葛对农田土壤镉的富集特征

林小兵; 武琳; 周利军; 黄欠如; 刘少华; 陈锋; 欧阳国平; 张秋梅

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210271

粉葛对农田土壤镉的富集特征

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210271

1.
国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心, 江西省红壤研究所
2.
江西省新余市农业科学研究所

基金项目: 江西省重大科技研发专项（20194ABC28010）

详细信息

作者简介:
林小兵(1992—)，男，助理研究员，硕士，主要从事土壤资源与环境生态研究，linxiaobing14@mails.ucas.ac.cn

通讯作者:
张秋梅(1978—)，女，农艺师，主要从事农作物栽培研究，570708177@qq.com

中图分类号: X53
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-06-28

Accumulation characteristics of cadmium in farmland soil by Pueraria thomsonii

1.
National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil
2.
Xinyu Institute of Agricultural Science, Jiangxi Province

摘要

摘要:
选用生长速度快、生物量大、经济价值高的富集植物是重金属生物修复新的突破口。为研究粉葛对农田土壤镉(Cd)的富集特征，采用大田试验探讨3种污染程度下粉葛不同部位葛根(葛粉和葛渣)、葛头、主藤、侧枝和叶片中Cd浓度。结果表明：粉葛不同部位中Cd浓度表现为侧枝（8.96 mg/kg）>主藤（6.85 mg/kg）>叶片（5.22 mg/kg）>葛头（2.80 mg/kg）>葛渣（1.36 mg/kg）>葛根（1.21 mg/kg）>葛粉（0.16 mg/kg），且随土壤污染程度增加而增加，表现为中、高污染显著高于低污染（P<0.05）。除葛根外，粉葛其他部位对土壤Cd的富集系数均大于1(1.09~8.65)，转运系数为2.59~8.98。粉葛各部位中Cd的分配率表现为侧枝（35.64%~43.81%）>主藤（21.55%~25.49%）>叶片（15.40%~23.63%）>葛根（7.03%~9.94%）>葛头（5.99%~9.57%）。粉葛各部位生物量表现为葛根>侧枝>叶片>主藤>葛头，粉葛对Cd移除量随土壤污染程度递增，具体为高污染(45.39 g/hm²)>中污染(39.96 g/hm²)>低污染(16.56 g/hm²)。总体上，粉葛各部位中Cd浓度与土壤有机质、有效态Cd、总Cd浓度呈显著正相关，而与土壤pH均呈负相关。在Cd污染农田土壤治理中，粉葛(用作葛粉)对Cd污染农田土壤修复具有应用价值。
- 粉葛 /
- 镉 /
- 污染程度 /
- 富集特征 /
- 生物量
Abstract:
The selection of rich plants with high growth, high biomass, and high economic value is a new breakthrough in the bioremediation of heavy metals. To study the accumulation characteristic of cadmium (Cd) by Pueraria thomsonii in farmland soil, field experiments were conducted to investigate Cd contents in tuber (radix pueraria and arrowroot), basal part of stem, main vine, lateral branch, and leaf of Pueraria thomsonii under three pollution levels. The results showed that Cd contents in different parts of Pueraria thomsonii were lateral branch (8.96 mg/kg) > main vine (6.85 mg/kg) > leaf (5.22 mg/kg) > basal part of stem (2.80 mg/kg) > radix pueraria (1.36 mg/kg)> tuber (1.21 mg/kg)> arrowroot (0.16 mg/kg). Cd contents increased with the increase of soil pollution, showing that Cd contents in medium and high pollution were significantly higher than in low pollution (P < 0.05). Except for tuber, the accumulation coefficient of Cd in other parts of the plant was higher than 1 (1.09-8.65), and the transport coefficient was 2.59-8.98. The distribution rates of Cd content in various parts of Pueraria thomsonii were as follows: lateral branch (35.64%-43.81%) > main vine (21.55%-25.49%) > leaf (15.40%-23.63%) > tuber (7.03%-9.94%) > basal part of stem (5.99%-9.57%). The biomass in various parts of Pueraria thomsonii was tuber > lateral branch > leaf > main vine > basal part of stem. The removal amount of Cd increased with the pollution level, which was high pollution (45.39 g/hm²) > medium pollution (39.96 g/hm²) > low pollution (16.56 g/hm²). In general, Cd contents in various parts of Pueraria thomsonii were significantly positively correlated with soil organic matter, available Cd, and total Cd, but negatively correlated with soil pH. In the treatment of Cd contaminated farmland soil, Pueraria thomsonii (used as arrowroot) has application value for Cd contaminated farmland soil remediation.
- Pueraria thomsonii /
- cadmium /
- pollution level /
- accumulation characteristics /
- biomass

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图 1 土壤污染程度对粉葛不同部位中Cd浓度的影响

注:不同小写字母表示在0.05水平差异显著。

Figure 1. Influence of soil pollution level on the content of Cd in different parts of Pueraria thomsonii

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图 2 粉葛不同部位Cd浓度比较

注：同图1。

Figure 2. Comparison of Cd contents in different parts of Pueraria thomsonii

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图 3 土壤理化性质及Cd浓度与粉葛不同部位中Cd浓度的相关性分析

Figure 3. Correlation analysis of physiochemical properties, Cd contents in soil and Cd contents in different parts of Pueraria thomsonii

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 土壤理化性质及Cd污染程度

Table 1. Physiochemical properties and Cd pollution level in soil

土壤污染程度	总Cd浓度/ （mg/kg）	有效Cd浓度/ （mg/kg）	有机质浓度/ （g/kg）	pH
低	0.53	0.39	26.69	4.64
中	1.28	1.13	34.35	4.60
高	1.93	1.38	34.36	4.64

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表 2 不同土壤污染程度下粉葛各部分富集系数

Table 2. Accumulation coefficients of various parts of Pueraria thomsonii under different soil pollution levels

土壤污染程度	葛根/土壤	葛头/土壤	主藤/土壤	侧枝/土壤	叶片/土壤
低	1.12±0.42	3.15±1.22	5.47±1.20	5.43±0.90	4.63±1.97
中	1.09±0.35	2.56±0.70	5.68±1.18	8.65±4.10	5.03±1.63
高	0.98±0.45	2.15±0.76	6.20±1.23	7.86±2.40	4.25±0.57

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表 3 不同土壤污染程度下粉葛各部位转运系数

Table 3. Transport coefficients of various parts of Pueraria thomsonii under different soil pollution levels

土壤污染程度	葛头/葛根	主藤/葛根	侧枝/葛根	叶片/葛根
低	3.14±1.96	5.65±3.00	5.59±2.49	4.87±3.46
中	2.59±0.54	6.01±2.02	8.98±4.75	5.04±1.14
高	2.63±1.71	7.21±2.81	8.65±2.08	5.31±3.32

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表 4 不同土壤污染程度下粉葛各部分中Cd的分配率

Table 4. Distribution rates of Cd in different parts of Pueraria thomsonii under different soil pollution levels %　

土壤污染程度	葛根	葛头	主藤	侧枝	叶片
低	9.94±7.64	9.57±4.26	25.24±5.56	39.84±10.13	15.40±6.17
中	7.03±0.31	5.99±1.32	21.55±4.67	43.81±12.01	21.61±13.58
高	7.99±3.16	7.25±2.73	25.49±6.22	35.64±13.91	23.63±12.35

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表 5 不同土壤污染程度下粉葛各部位生物量

Table 5. Biomass in different parts of Pueraria thomsonii under different soil pollution levels g/株　

土壤污染程度	葛根	葛头	主藤	侧枝	叶片	地上部分
低	119.38±18.31	52.01±20.73	85.50±43.74	134.75±70.46	73.12±67.71	345.26±181.13
中	114.74±13.34	44.75±24.86	68.33±27.06	94.60±34.07	82.33±59.37	290.02±123.22
高	102.62±24.62	44.69±21.89	51.11±7.55	61.01±33.41	64.32±33.05	220.69±26.89

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表 6 不同土壤污染程度下粉葛Cd移除量

Table 6. Cd removal amount from Pueraria thomsonii under different soil pollution levels

土壤污染程度	净化率/%	单株移除量/（mg/株）	移除量/（g/hm²）
低	25.27±13.12	0.92±0.55	16.56±9.90
中	19.65±2.36	2.22±0.37	39.96±6.66
高	14.99±5.39	2.52±0.85	45.36±15.30
注：净化率=植株Cd积累量/土壤有效态Cd浓度×100%^[19]。

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