赤泥淋滤液特征污染物在饱和砂土中的运移规律研究

王俊萍; 齐跃明; 马仪鹏; 马超; 邵光宇; 池玉花; 兰璇

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210257

赤泥淋滤液特征污染物在饱和砂土中的运移规律研究

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210257

1.
中国矿业大学资源与地球科学学院
2.
山东省地矿工程勘察院

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41741020，41572218）；江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划资助项目（KYCX21_2291）；中国矿业大学未来杰出人才助力计划项目（2021WLJCRCZL003）

详细信息

作者简介:
王俊萍(1997—)，女，硕士研究生，主要从事水污染研究，3010316209@qq.com

通讯作者:
齐跃明（1977—），男，副教授，博士，主要从事水文水资源、矿山水害防治研究，ym_qi@126.com

中图分类号: X523
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-06-25

Study on the transport law of characteristic pollutants in red mud leachate in saturated sand

1.
School of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology
2.
Geological Engineering Investigation Institute of Shandong Province

摘要

摘要:
为揭示赤泥对地下水的污染机理，防控其污染，对中国北方某炼铝厂赤泥堆场所取淋滤液进行水质分析，识别出严重超标特征污染物F⁻、SO₄ ²⁻、Al³⁺，通过一维砂柱试验研究了其在饱和中砂、细砂、粉砂3种介质中的运移规律。结果表明：特征污染物在砂柱中运移距离越大，其浓度越小；砂粒粒径越小，渗透系数越小，对特征污染物的截留能力越强，特征污染物在砂柱中完全穿透时间也越长。运用Hydrus-1D软件对3种特征污染物在饱和砂土中的运移过程进行模拟，得出在3种介质中弥散度(α)分别为1.76、0.95、0.58 cm，3种介质中F⁻的溶质反应参数K_d和N_u分别为2.10、1.00、4.10 mg/mL和24、28、30 mL/mg，SO₄ ²⁻的K_d和N_u分别为1.78、0.99、5.00 mg/mL和12、20、32 mL/mg，Al³⁺的K_d和N_u分别为1.44、1.65、4.44 mg/mL和18、17、45 mL/mg，呈现介质颗粒越细，K_d越大（吸附能力越强），N_u越大（吸附速度越快）的特征。为防止赤泥污染，根据经济适用、取材方便的原则，建议选用粉砂土或颗粒更细的黏土作为污染防渗层。
- 赤泥淋滤液 /
- 特征污染物 /
- 饱和砂土 /
- 运移规律 /
- 污染防控
Abstract:
In order to reveal the pollution mechanism of red mud to groundwater and prevent the pollution, the water quality of leachate from a red mud pile site of an aluminium refinery in northern China was analyzed. Three characteristic pollutants severely exceeding standards were identified: F⁻, SO₄ ²⁻, Al³⁺. Through a one-dimensional sand column experiment, the migration law of the characteristic pollutions in saturated medium sand, fine sand and silt sand was studied. The results showed that the greater the migration distance of characteristic pollutants in the sand column, the smaller the concentration of the pollutants; the smaller the sand particle size, the smaller the permeability coefficient, which means the stronger retention capacity of pollutants and the longer complete penetration time of characteristic pollutants in the sand column. Using Hydrus-1D software to simulate the migration process of the three characteristic pollutants in saturated sand, the dispersion degree （$\alpha$） of the medium sand, fine sand and silty sand was 1.76, 0.95 and 0.58 cm, respectively. The solute reaction parameters K_d and N_u of F⁻ in the three different sands were 2.10, 1.00, 4.10 mg/mL and 24, 28, 30 mL/mg; SO₄ ²⁻ were 1.78, 0.99, 5.00 mg/mL and 12, 20, 32 mL/mg; Al³⁺ were 1.44, 1.65, 4.44 mg/mL and 18, 17, 45 mL/mg, respectively. It was displayed that the smaller the grain of sand, the stronger the adsorption capacity (larger K_d) and the faster the adsorption speed (larger N_u). In order to prevent the pollution of red mud, it was recommended to use silt soil or finer-grained clay as the pollution impermeable layer according to the principle of economy and convenience.
- red mud leachate /
- characteristic pollutants /
- saturated sand /
- transport law /
- pollution prevention

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图 1 砂柱试验装置示意

Figure 1. Sand column experimental device

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图 2 3种离子的穿透曲线

Figure 2. Breakthrough curve of three ions

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图 3 NaCl弥散试验拟合结果

Figure 3. Fitting results of NaCl dispersion experiment

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图 4 3个砂柱污染物浓度模拟值与实测值

Figure 4. Simulated and measured values of pollutant concentrations in three sand columns

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图 5 F^-的污染时长与运移距离拟合曲线

Figure 5. Fitting curve of pollution duration and penetration thickness of F^-

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表 1 3种砂土的土壤水力特征参数

Table 1. Soil hydraulic characteristic parameters of three sandy soils

砂土类型	残留含水率（θ_r）/ （cm³/cm³）	饱和含水率（θ_s）/ （cm³/cm³）	经验常数（γ）/cm⁻¹	孔径分布参数（n）	渗透系数/ (cm/min)
中砂	0.046 5	0.387 7	0.036 7	2.996 5	0.47
细砂	0.059 0	0.379 3	0.028 0	2.659 6	0.24
粉砂	0.077 9	0.350 4	0.007 7	1.684 5	0.06

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表 2 Na⁺穿透曲线参数反演结果

Table 2. Parameter inversion results of Na⁺ penetration curve

砂土类型	α实测值/cm	反演前R²	α反演值/cm	反演后R²
中砂	1.72	0.981	1.76	0.990
细砂	1.03	0.980	0.95	0.990
粉砂	0.62	0.979	0.58	0.998

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表 3 溶质吸附参数反演结果

Table 3. Solute adsorption parameters inversion results

污染物	参数	中砂	细砂	粉砂
F^-	K_d//(mg/mL)	1.00	2.10	4.10
	N_u/(mL/mg)	28	24	30
	R²	0.991	0.992	0.990
SO₄ ²⁻	K_d//(mg/mL)	0.99	1.78	5.00
	N_u/(mL/mg)	20	28	32
	R²	0.994	0.993	0.992
Al³⁺	K_d//(mg/mL)	1.65	2.30	4.44
	N_u/(mL/mg)	17	20	45
	R²	0.966	0.960	0.975

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表 4 污染物穿透厚度随污染时长变化

Table 4. Tab.4 Pollutant penetration thickness under different pollution duration

模拟时长/a	不同污染物穿透厚度/m
模拟时长/a	F⁻	SO₄ ²⁻	Al³⁺
4	1.7	1.5	1.5
8	2.5	2.2	2.2
12	3.2	2.8	2.8
16	3.8	3.3	3.4
20	4.4	3.9	3.9

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