北京市与呼和浩特市空气质量对比分析

张轲; 许学慧; 李海港

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210214

北京市与呼和浩特市空气质量对比分析

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210214

内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院, 内蒙古自治区土壤质量与养分资源重点实验室

基金项目: 内蒙古自然基金重大项目（2019ZD02）；内蒙古农业大学高层次人才科研启动基金（NDYB2016-07）

详细信息

作者简介:
张轲（1997—），男，硕士研究生，主要从事氮沉降监测方面的研究，zhangke_imau@163.com

通讯作者:
许学慧（1982—），男，副教授，主要从事持久性有毒物质的环境界面行为、土壤环境化学研究，xhxu@imau.edu.cn

中图分类号: X51
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-06-03

Comparative analysis of air quality between Beijing and Hohhot

Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resource, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University

摘要

摘要:
为了对比北京市和呼和浩特市空气质量，探讨其差异性成因及防治对策，收集2市2014—2019年的空气质量常规监测数据，对空气污染物浓度、首要污染物变化及空气质量指数等特征进行分析。结果表明：北京和呼和浩特2市空气中PM₁₀、PM_2.5、SO₂、NO₂、CO这5种污染物浓度表现出相似的季节变化特征，空气质量冬季最差，夏季最好；2市空气中污染物都是以颗粒物为主，其中北京市以PM_2.5为主，呼和浩特市以PM₁₀为主；长期监测数据显示，2市在经济社会快速发展的同时，污染物浓度大多呈持续下降的趋势，但O₃浓度有所增加。从2市各经济指标和污染物浓度变化的相关性看出，城市高质量发展越来越受到城市空气质量的约束，而改善城市经济结构在空气污染防治中具有极大作用。
- 北京 /
- 呼和浩特 /
- 空气质量 /
- 空气质量指数 /
- 经济指标
Abstract:
In order to compare the air quality of Beijing and Hohhot and discuss the different causes and the prevention and control measures of air pollution, the characteristics of air pollutant quality concentration, primary pollutant change and air quality index of the two cities was analyzed based on the regular monitoring data of air quality of the two cities from January 2014 to December 2019 released by Environmental Monitoring Station of China. The results showed that: The pollutants in the atmosphere of Beijing and Hohhot, including PM₁₀, PM_2.5, SO₂, NO₂ and CO, shared similar seasonal variation characteristics. The air quality of both cities was the best in summer and the worst in winter. The chief pollutant contributing to the air quality of the two cities was particulate matter, with PM_2.5 in Beijing and PM₁₀ in Hohhot. Long-term monitoring data showed that the concentration of pollutants in the air of the both cities present a continuous downward trend with the rapid development of economy and society, while the concentration of O₃ was still increasing. According to the correlation analysis between the economic index and pollutant concentration in the two cities, high-quality urban development is increasingly constrained by air quality, improving urban economic structure plays an important role in preventing and controlling air pollution.
- Beijing /
- Hohhot /
- air quality /
- air quality index /
- economic indicators

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图 1 2014—2019年北京市和呼和浩特市AQI逐月变化

Figure 1. Monthly changes of the air quality indexes from 2014 to 2019 in Beijing and Hohhot

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图 2 北京市和呼和浩特市主要污染物对AQI的贡献

Figure 2. Contribution of different major pollutants to the air quality index in Beijing and Hohhot

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图 3 2014—2019年北京市和呼和浩特市首要污染物季节贡献

Figure 3. Seasonal contribution of major pollutants from 2014 to 2019 in Beijing and Hohhot

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 北京市和呼和浩特市国内生产总值、常住人口、能源消耗总量、机动车保有量变化趋势

Figure 4. The change trend of GDP, resident population, total energy consumption, motor vehicle ownership of the Beijing and Hohhot

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表 1 空气质量级别及相关信息^[10]

Table 1. Air quality levels and related information

AQI	空气质量级别	空气质量类别
0~50	一级	优
51~100	二级	良
101~150	三级	轻度污染
151~200	四级	中度污染
201~300	五级	重度污染
>300	六级	严重污染

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表 2 2014—2019年北京市空气污染物浓度年均值比较

Table 2. Comparison of annual mean mass concentration in Beijing from 2014 to 2019 mg/m³　

年份	PM₁₀	SO₂	NO₂	PM_2.5	CO	O₃
2014	0.117	0.021	0.055	0.085	1.274	0.099
2015	0.101	0.013	0.049	0.080	1.302	0.099
2016	0.097	0.010	0.048	0.073	1.160	0.096
2017	0.084	0.008	0.046	0.057	1.009	0.099
2018	0.076	0.006	0.041	0.050	0.842	0.100
2019	0.078	0.005	0.037	0.047	0.706	0.104

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表 3 2014—2019年呼和浩特市空气污染物浓度年均值比较

Table 3. Comparison of annual mean mass concentration in Hohhot from 2014 to 2019 mg/m³　

年份	PM₁₀	SO₂	NO₂	PM_2.5	CO	O₃
2014	0.116	0.047	0.045	0.044	1.907	0.067
2015	0.104	0.034	0.039	0.043	1.281	0.082
2016	0.094	0.028	0.042	0.040	1.197	0.091
2017	0.094	0.029	0.045	0.043	1.309	0.101
2018	0.078	0.019	0.040	0.032	1.179	0.093
2019	0.084	0.016	0.038	0.038	1.017	0.097

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表 4 2014—2019年北京市各经济指标与污染物浓度相关性

Table 4. Correlation between economic indicators and pollutants in Beijing from 2014 to 2019

经济指标	PM₁₀	SO₂	NO₂	PM_2.5	O₃	CO
国内生产总值	−0.896^*	−0.850^*	−0.973^**	−0.942^**	0.735	−0.974^**
常住人口	−0.158	−0.383	−0.087	0.043	−0.667	0.214
机动车保有量	−0.751	−0.686	−0.915^*	−0.818^*	0.802	−0.915^*
能源消耗总量	−0.930^*	−0.822	−0.917^*	−0.986^**	0.338	−0.995^**
注：*表示在0.01水平下相关性显著；表示在0.05水平下相关性显著。

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表 5 2014—2019年呼和浩特市各经济指标与污染物浓度相关性

Table 5. Correlation between economic indicators and pollutants in Hohhot from 2014 to 2019

经济指标	PM₁₀	SO₂	NO₂	PM_2.5	O₃	CO
国内生产总值	−0.190	−0.276	0.284	0.314	0.714	−0.488
常住人口	−0.946^*	−0.941^*	−0.090	−0.683	0.925^*	−0.781
机动车保有量	−0.941^**	−0.936^**	−0.305	−0.700	0.888^**	−0.771
能源消耗总量	−0.997^**	−0.987^**	−0.358	−0.866	0.792	−0.815
注：同表4。

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